Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.950030
F. Garibaldi, F. Cusanno, G.M. Urcioli, E. Cisbani, R. Pani, A. Soluri, R. Pellegrini, R. Scafè, L. Indovina, M. Cinti, G. Trotta
Hamamatsu Photonics has recently developed a new generation of compact Position Sensitive PhotoMultiplier Tubes (PSPMT) based on metal channel dynode charge multiplication technology. R5900 family has now a range of compact tubes mainly differing for the anode structure. The models considered here, C8 and M16, also differ for active photocathode area. C8 has a crossed plate anode configuration consisting of 4X+4Y stripes and a larger active area (22/spl times/22 mm/sup 2/) while M16 has a 4/spl times/4 anode array with an active area of 18/spl times/18 mm/sup 2/. Here, the authors report their evaluation of C8 and M16 for clinical imaging applications as hand held probe, multi-PSPMT camera and tomographic ring. To this aim measurements of pulse linearity, positioning response, inter-channel gain variation and anodes cross talk were performed using a light source coupled to a 1 mm diameter optical fiber. Finally PSPMTs were optically coupled to 5 CsI(Tl) scintillating arrays with pixel size ranging between 1.5/spl times/1.5 mm/sup 2/ and 4.2/spl times/4.2 mm/sup 2/ to compare the imaging properties.
{"title":"Imaging properties evaluation of compact PSPMTs for discrete gamma cameras application","authors":"F. Garibaldi, F. Cusanno, G.M. Urcioli, E. Cisbani, R. Pani, A. Soluri, R. Pellegrini, R. Scafè, L. Indovina, M. Cinti, G. Trotta","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.950030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.950030","url":null,"abstract":"Hamamatsu Photonics has recently developed a new generation of compact Position Sensitive PhotoMultiplier Tubes (PSPMT) based on metal channel dynode charge multiplication technology. R5900 family has now a range of compact tubes mainly differing for the anode structure. The models considered here, C8 and M16, also differ for active photocathode area. C8 has a crossed plate anode configuration consisting of 4X+4Y stripes and a larger active area (22/spl times/22 mm/sup 2/) while M16 has a 4/spl times/4 anode array with an active area of 18/spl times/18 mm/sup 2/. Here, the authors report their evaluation of C8 and M16 for clinical imaging applications as hand held probe, multi-PSPMT camera and tomographic ring. To this aim measurements of pulse linearity, positioning response, inter-channel gain variation and anodes cross talk were performed using a light source coupled to a 1 mm diameter optical fiber. Finally PSPMTs were optically coupled to 5 CsI(Tl) scintillating arrays with pixel size ranging between 1.5/spl times/1.5 mm/sup 2/ and 4.2/spl times/4.2 mm/sup 2/ to compare the imaging properties.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134028823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.950118
T. Rodet, P. Grangeat, L. Desbat
Nowadays medical applications such as functional imaging (PET and SPECT) or interventional imaging (CT fluoroscopy) can involve dynamic data. Thus, the computation time must be reduced. Therefore, the authors developed a new fast algorithm for dynamic reconstruction based on computation compression. The computation compression and data compression have the same fundamental steps of "decomposition", "quantification" and "uncompression". The authors' algorithm performs an indirect subband decomposition of f(f=/spl Sigma/f/sub i/) through Rf which is filtered. But as for data compression, they want to preserve the pertinent information only. To obtain this result, they reduce the number of components: Rf/sub i/ is filtered and backprojected only if f/sub i/ is significant (quantification step). Finally, to estimate signal, the authors uncompress the components (uncompression step). They implement their approach with a subband Fourier decomposition. But alternatively Cosinus, Wavelet or Karhunen Loeve decomposition could also be used. This algorithm allows to control the compression ratio and the signal quality. It yields an easy parallelization and leads to a computation time reduction directly related to the data compression rate.
{"title":"A new computation compression scheme based on a multifrequential approach","authors":"T. Rodet, P. Grangeat, L. Desbat","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.950118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.950118","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays medical applications such as functional imaging (PET and SPECT) or interventional imaging (CT fluoroscopy) can involve dynamic data. Thus, the computation time must be reduced. Therefore, the authors developed a new fast algorithm for dynamic reconstruction based on computation compression. The computation compression and data compression have the same fundamental steps of \"decomposition\", \"quantification\" and \"uncompression\". The authors' algorithm performs an indirect subband decomposition of f(f=/spl Sigma/f/sub i/) through Rf which is filtered. But as for data compression, they want to preserve the pertinent information only. To obtain this result, they reduce the number of components: Rf/sub i/ is filtered and backprojected only if f/sub i/ is significant (quantification step). Finally, to estimate signal, the authors uncompress the components (uncompression step). They implement their approach with a subband Fourier decomposition. But alternatively Cosinus, Wavelet or Karhunen Loeve decomposition could also be used. This algorithm allows to control the compression ratio and the signal quality. It yields an easy parallelization and leads to a computation time reduction directly related to the data compression rate.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134316131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949397
P. Sukovic, N. Clinthorne
Assesses the applicability of single-energy (SE) and dual-energy (DE) penalized weighted-least squares (PWLS) methods in the removal of metal streak artifacts. For that purpose the authors conduct experiments with a phantom containing opaque regions. Their earlier studies on computer-generated sets of data showed that both SE PWLS and DE PWLS methods are superior to a standard FBP-based method. The authors are interested to what extent the good performance of both SE and DE PWLS methods is preserved when using experimental data. Of particular relevance is that neither scatter in the body nor the polychromaticity of the X-ray source were taken into account in the computer-generated sets of data.
{"title":"Penalized weighted least-squares as a metal streak artifacts removal technique in computed tomography","authors":"P. Sukovic, N. Clinthorne","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949397","url":null,"abstract":"Assesses the applicability of single-energy (SE) and dual-energy (DE) penalized weighted-least squares (PWLS) methods in the removal of metal streak artifacts. For that purpose the authors conduct experiments with a phantom containing opaque regions. Their earlier studies on computer-generated sets of data showed that both SE PWLS and DE PWLS methods are superior to a standard FBP-based method. The authors are interested to what extent the good performance of both SE and DE PWLS methods is preserved when using experimental data. Of particular relevance is that neither scatter in the body nor the polychromaticity of the X-ray source were taken into account in the computer-generated sets of data.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133092551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949203
N. Zhang, C. Thompson, C. L. Thompson, K. Nguyen
Several dedicated PET instruments for small animal and breast imaging have recently been developed. Many of these use position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes and pixelated crystals with depth encoding scheme to detect and localize gamma rays. Large area PS-PMTs show more distortion and have difficulty identifying crystal elements near their periphery. We have recently enhanced the BGO detector modules used in the positron emission mammography and animal PET systems previously developed in our laboratory by modifying the crossed anode readout resistor chain, modifying a faster timing amplifier circuit which takes the last dynode signal as event timing, and adding a new image weighting function to improve the crystal identification. The PMTs field of view have increased from 46 mm/spl times/58 mm to 56 mm/spl times/64 mm and the timing resolution of system has improved from 12.0 ns to 8.7 ns.
{"title":"Improving the performance of small planar detectors for dedicated PET instrument","authors":"N. Zhang, C. Thompson, C. L. Thompson, K. Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949203","url":null,"abstract":"Several dedicated PET instruments for small animal and breast imaging have recently been developed. Many of these use position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes and pixelated crystals with depth encoding scheme to detect and localize gamma rays. Large area PS-PMTs show more distortion and have difficulty identifying crystal elements near their periphery. We have recently enhanced the BGO detector modules used in the positron emission mammography and animal PET systems previously developed in our laboratory by modifying the crossed anode readout resistor chain, modifying a faster timing amplifier circuit which takes the last dynode signal as event timing, and adding a new image weighting function to improve the crystal identification. The PMTs field of view have increased from 46 mm/spl times/58 mm to 56 mm/spl times/64 mm and the timing resolution of system has improved from 12.0 ns to 8.7 ns.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132685249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949370
D. G. González Trotter, J. Bowsher, R. Jaszczak
In previous work, a thick-septa collimator that rotates about an axis perpendicular to the collimator surface has been proposed. This collimator has thick septa which nearly eliminate septal penetration but which also block much of the image plane at any one rotation stop. The axis of rotation and the hexagonal configuration of holes are such that by summing data acquired at three rotation stops equally spaced over 360 degrees, approximately uniform sampling of the image plane is obtained. These summed data can then be reconstructed by general purpose analytic or iterative methods. However, summing the data may erase information inherent in the three, initially separate projection data sets. The present paper has two objectives: (1) to develop a method for realistically modeling the response of thick-septa collimators within iterative reconstruction and (2) to use this method to investigate whether it is beneficial to reconstruct rotating collimator projection data with the three data sets maintained as separate, rather than summed. Reconstructing with the three data sets maintained as separate has at least two advantages. First, it accelerates reconstruction significantly. In the study considered here, computation time to reach a particular bias was reduced by a factor of 3.3. Second, it results in less noise for a given bias. Both of these effects, acceleration and reduced noise, were increasingly pronounced with decreasing bias.
{"title":"Improved I-131 SPECT resolution through modeling individual medium-energy collimator holes","authors":"D. G. González Trotter, J. Bowsher, R. Jaszczak","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949370","url":null,"abstract":"In previous work, a thick-septa collimator that rotates about an axis perpendicular to the collimator surface has been proposed. This collimator has thick septa which nearly eliminate septal penetration but which also block much of the image plane at any one rotation stop. The axis of rotation and the hexagonal configuration of holes are such that by summing data acquired at three rotation stops equally spaced over 360 degrees, approximately uniform sampling of the image plane is obtained. These summed data can then be reconstructed by general purpose analytic or iterative methods. However, summing the data may erase information inherent in the three, initially separate projection data sets. The present paper has two objectives: (1) to develop a method for realistically modeling the response of thick-septa collimators within iterative reconstruction and (2) to use this method to investigate whether it is beneficial to reconstruct rotating collimator projection data with the three data sets maintained as separate, rather than summed. Reconstructing with the three data sets maintained as separate has at least two advantages. First, it accelerates reconstruction significantly. In the study considered here, computation time to reach a particular bias was reduced by a factor of 3.3. Second, it results in less noise for a given bias. Both of these effects, acceleration and reduced noise, were increasingly pronounced with decreasing bias.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133344693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949291
O. Siegmund, A. Tremsin, J. Vallerga, J. Hull
We have developed a novel microchannel plate readout scheme, the cross strip anode. The cross strip anode has a coarse (0.5 mm) multilayer metal and ceramic cross strip pattern that encodes event positions by direct sensing of the charge on each strip and subsequent determination of the charge cloud centroid for each event. Event position encoding is accomplished with chip level preamplifiers on the anode, subsequent analog to digital conversion of individual strip charge values and a software centroid determination. We find that the spatial resolution (<7 /spl mu/m) is sufficient to resolve 12 /spl mu/m microchannel plate pores. The cross strip anode can achieve this resolution while using low MCP gain (5/spl times/10/sup 6/), thus increasing the local counting rate capacity and overall lifetime of the microchannel plate detector system. The image linearity is good enough (<5 /spl mu/m) to enable distortions in the microchannel plate hexagonal boundaries to be seen. We also discuss plans for custom chip electronics development so that encoding may be accomplished at photon counting rates >1 MHz and with low power consumption (/spl sim/2 W).
{"title":"Cross strip anode imaging readouts for microchannel plate detectors","authors":"O. Siegmund, A. Tremsin, J. Vallerga, J. Hull","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949291","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a novel microchannel plate readout scheme, the cross strip anode. The cross strip anode has a coarse (0.5 mm) multilayer metal and ceramic cross strip pattern that encodes event positions by direct sensing of the charge on each strip and subsequent determination of the charge cloud centroid for each event. Event position encoding is accomplished with chip level preamplifiers on the anode, subsequent analog to digital conversion of individual strip charge values and a software centroid determination. We find that the spatial resolution (<7 /spl mu/m) is sufficient to resolve 12 /spl mu/m microchannel plate pores. The cross strip anode can achieve this resolution while using low MCP gain (5/spl times/10/sup 6/), thus increasing the local counting rate capacity and overall lifetime of the microchannel plate detector system. The image linearity is good enough (<5 /spl mu/m) to enable distortions in the microchannel plate hexagonal boundaries to be seen. We also discuss plans for custom chip electronics development so that encoding may be accomplished at photon counting rates >1 MHz and with low power consumption (/spl sim/2 W).","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"184 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133355085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949996
M. Narayanan, M. King, J. Leppo, S. Dahlberg, P.H. Pretonus, H. Gifford
Through means of an ROC study, the authors optimize the iteration number and 3-D Gaussian post-filtering of /sup 99 m/Tc cardiac emission OSEM reconstructions that implement corrections for both attenuation and scatter. Hybrid images were used for this optimization wherein perfusion defects were added artificially to clinical patient studies that were read as being normally perfused. The test conditions included 3 different iteration numbers of OSEM (1, 5 and 10), followed by 3-D Gaussian low-pass filtering at each iteration level. The level of Gaussian low-pass filtering was varied using standard deviations (/spl sigma/) of 0.6, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 pixels, in addition to a case where no post-filtering was applied. Four observers read 80 images for each of the 15 test conditions being investigated, providing confidence ratings as to the presence or absence of perfusion defects. Results indicate a slowly varying trend between very little filtering and quite heavy levels of smoothing with a gentle plateau for post-filters in the range of /spl sigma/=0.6 to 1 pixel. No significant improvement in detection accuracy was observed with increasing iteration number as long as the reconstructions are post-filtered with /spl sigma/ in the range of 0.6 to 1 pixel, suggesting that 1 complete iteration of OSEM should suffice.
{"title":"Optimization of regularization of attenuation and scatter corrected /sup 99 m/Tc cardiac SPECT studies for defect detection using hybrid images","authors":"M. Narayanan, M. King, J. Leppo, S. Dahlberg, P.H. Pretonus, H. Gifford","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949996","url":null,"abstract":"Through means of an ROC study, the authors optimize the iteration number and 3-D Gaussian post-filtering of /sup 99 m/Tc cardiac emission OSEM reconstructions that implement corrections for both attenuation and scatter. Hybrid images were used for this optimization wherein perfusion defects were added artificially to clinical patient studies that were read as being normally perfused. The test conditions included 3 different iteration numbers of OSEM (1, 5 and 10), followed by 3-D Gaussian low-pass filtering at each iteration level. The level of Gaussian low-pass filtering was varied using standard deviations (/spl sigma/) of 0.6, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 pixels, in addition to a case where no post-filtering was applied. Four observers read 80 images for each of the 15 test conditions being investigated, providing confidence ratings as to the presence or absence of perfusion defects. Results indicate a slowly varying trend between very little filtering and quite heavy levels of smoothing with a gentle plateau for post-filters in the range of /spl sigma/=0.6 to 1 pixel. No significant improvement in detection accuracy was observed with increasing iteration number as long as the reconstructions are post-filtered with /spl sigma/ in the range of 0.6 to 1 pixel, suggesting that 1 complete iteration of OSEM should suffice.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133414513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949978
R. Gornea, N. Boukhira, I. Boussaroque, L. Lessard, M. Di Marco, J. Martin, J. Vinet, V. Zacek
Large-volume room-temperature superheated droplet detectors are being constructed for measuring very weakly interacting radiation fields, such as those produced by Cold Dark Matter particles (CDM particles, or Weakly Interacting Massive Particles: WIMPS), and various versions of Control and Data Acquisition systems (CDAQ) have been developed for such detectors. Large active mass droplet detectors are modular, their sensitivity is strongly temperature dependent and their operation requires measurements and control functions which are unique to this particular detection medium. We present the CDAQ systems developed for the PICASSO project for different levels of operation. Other types of applications of such detectors are also being investigated and appear promising.
{"title":"A control and data acquisition system for a large volume superheated droplet detector","authors":"R. Gornea, N. Boukhira, I. Boussaroque, L. Lessard, M. Di Marco, J. Martin, J. Vinet, V. Zacek","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949978","url":null,"abstract":"Large-volume room-temperature superheated droplet detectors are being constructed for measuring very weakly interacting radiation fields, such as those produced by Cold Dark Matter particles (CDM particles, or Weakly Interacting Massive Particles: WIMPS), and various versions of Control and Data Acquisition systems (CDAQ) have been developed for such detectors. Large active mass droplet detectors are modular, their sensitivity is strongly temperature dependent and their operation requires measurements and control functions which are unique to this particular detection medium. We present the CDAQ systems developed for the PICASSO project for different levels of operation. Other types of applications of such detectors are also being investigated and appear promising.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133683245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949917
S. Dhawan, D. Grollman, S. Xu
We are developing a module to take data from 16 Transputer links and take this to a PCI bus in a PC. The input data is bit serial at 20 Mbit/sec on each link. We assemble these into bytes and into 32 bit words. This is stored in a dual port SRAM till a complete event is in memory. The readout controller does formatting, checking etc. It takes a million gates to perform all the functions. This board handles steady flow of data at 30 Mbytes/sec without any loss. The TP data is sent to a PCI bus at PCI bus speeds. Then the data is shipped to a farm of 20-1 GHz Intel commodity machines using Gigabit Ethernet.
{"title":"Transputer to PCI bus link module with one million programmable logic gates","authors":"S. Dhawan, D. Grollman, S. Xu","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949917","url":null,"abstract":"We are developing a module to take data from 16 Transputer links and take this to a PCI bus in a PC. The input data is bit serial at 20 Mbit/sec on each link. We assemble these into bytes and into 32 bit words. This is stored in a dual port SRAM till a complete event is in memory. The readout controller does formatting, checking etc. It takes a million gates to perform all the functions. This board handles steady flow of data at 30 Mbytes/sec without any loss. The TP data is sent to a PCI bus at PCI bus speeds. Then the data is shipped to a farm of 20-1 GHz Intel commodity machines using Gigabit Ethernet.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132429033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-10-15DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949882
A. Pullia
A spectroscopic technique for optimally setting the pole-zero (P-Z) compensation in a digital spectrometer has been implemented, which has substantially improved the resolution of the measurements at high count rates. Before ADC conversion the signal undergoes an analog preprocessing, consisting of pole-zero compensation and simple three-pole shaping, which is the proper antialiasing-filter shape in this context. A subsequent suitable digital filter optimizes the overall weight function and introduces digital baseline restoration. It is well known that an imperfect P-Z setting causes pulse-tail pileup which is seen as an additional noise and may impact significantly on the final resolution of the measurements, particularly at high count rates.
{"title":"Spectroscopic technique for optimal P-Z setting in /spl gamma/-ray detection","authors":"A. Pullia","doi":"10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2000.949882","url":null,"abstract":"A spectroscopic technique for optimally setting the pole-zero (P-Z) compensation in a digital spectrometer has been implemented, which has substantially improved the resolution of the measurements at high count rates. Before ADC conversion the signal undergoes an analog preprocessing, consisting of pole-zero compensation and simple three-pole shaping, which is the proper antialiasing-filter shape in this context. A subsequent suitable digital filter optimizes the overall weight function and introduces digital baseline restoration. It is well known that an imperfect P-Z setting causes pulse-tail pileup which is seen as an additional noise and may impact significantly on the final resolution of the measurements, particularly at high count rates.","PeriodicalId":445100,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record (Cat. No.00CH37149)","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132627072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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