Pub Date : 2022-09-24DOI: 10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id948
Mason Malcolm
INTRODUCTION: Research and personal stories from disability advocates have highlighted the significant impact of environmental inaccessibility on an individual’s independence and dignity. This article focuses on accessibility for autistic individuals, specifically the lack of accessibility they experience in built environments due to limited autism awareness among professionals and the public. METHOD: Literature focusing on social work’s role with autistic individuals, autism-friendly approaches, and accessible architecture was reviewed. The social model of disability and critical disability theory were utilised to explore social work’s responsibility to develop and advocate for environmental accessibility for autistic individuals. Through this analysis and the collation of strategies from the reviewed literature, the Environmental Accessibility Infographic was developed. IMPLICATIONS: The Environmental Accessibility Infographic has broad implications. Firstly, it can be applied to any built environment to improve accessibility for autistic people and others with sensory processing needs. Secondly, the accessibility strategies have the potential to positively impact social workers’ practice with autistic people as they can guide change that will ensure their practice is autism-friendly and anti-oppressive.
{"title":"Environmental accessibility for autistic individuals: Recommendations for social work practice and spaces","authors":"Mason Malcolm","doi":"10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id948","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000INTRODUCTION: Research and personal stories from disability advocates have highlighted the significant impact of environmental inaccessibility on an individual’s independence and dignity. This article focuses on accessibility for autistic individuals, specifically the lack of accessibility they experience in built environments due to limited autism awareness among professionals and the public.\u0000METHOD: Literature focusing on social work’s role with autistic individuals, autism-friendly approaches, and accessible architecture was reviewed. The social model of disability and critical disability theory were utilised to explore social work’s responsibility to develop and advocate for environmental accessibility for autistic individuals. Through this analysis and the collation of strategies from the reviewed literature, the Environmental Accessibility Infographic was developed.\u0000IMPLICATIONS: The Environmental Accessibility Infographic has broad implications. Firstly, it can be applied to any built environment to improve accessibility for autistic people and others with sensory processing needs. Secondly, the accessibility strategies have the potential to positively impact social workers’ practice with autistic people as they can guide change that will ensure their practice is autism-friendly and anti-oppressive.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":44524,"journal":{"name":"Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83630542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-24DOI: 10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id961
Kathrin McInnerney, S. Wayland
INTRODUCTION: When working in the fields of loss, grief, bereavement and dying, the lived experience of the social work students, and their developing practice in the field, can be enhanced by awareness of the concept of the wounded healer. METHODS: This study sought to explore the wounded healer concept amongst Australian social work students who had experienced the death of a loved one. The project was underpinned by a phenomenological approach seeking to understand personal loss experiences in professional practice skill development. Using semi-structured interviews, final-year social work students were asked to reflect on the positive and negative impacts of their personal loss experience on their emerging professional social work practice. FINDINGS: An analysis of the data identified three main themes: (1) repeated triggers of loss and grief during field placement can occur; (2) students’ ambiguity and confusion of safe inclusion of lived experience in a professional setting was identified; and (3) learning can be impacted by wounded reflections. CONCLUSION: The study noted a lack of understanding among social work students on how to safely navigate their own woundedness and how to incorporate awareness into their professional practice skills. This may be addressed by responding to a current gap in the Australian social work curriculum. Future considerations for reflections on the effectiveness of field placement supervision and further guidance and education for wounded social work students at a university level may assist.
{"title":"The wounded social work student: A strength-based enquiry of personal loss experience and its impact on social work students’ professional practice","authors":"Kathrin McInnerney, S. Wayland","doi":"10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id961","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: When working in the fields of loss, grief, bereavement and dying, the lived experience of the social work students, and their developing practice in the field, can be enhanced by awareness of the concept of the wounded healer.\u0000METHODS: This study sought to explore the wounded healer concept amongst Australian social work students who had experienced the death of a loved one. The project was underpinned by a phenomenological approach seeking to understand personal loss experiences in professional practice skill development. Using semi-structured interviews, final-year social work students were asked to reflect on the positive and negative impacts of their personal loss experience on their emerging professional social work practice.\u0000FINDINGS: An analysis of the data identified three main themes: (1) repeated triggers of loss and grief during field placement can occur; (2) students’ ambiguity and confusion of safe inclusion of lived experience in a professional setting was identified; and (3) learning can be impacted by wounded reflections.\u0000CONCLUSION: The study noted a lack of understanding among social work students on how to safely navigate their own woundedness and how to incorporate awareness into their professional practice skills. This may be addressed by responding to a current gap in the Australian social work curriculum. Future considerations for reflections on the effectiveness of field placement supervision and further guidance and education for wounded social work students at a university level may assist.","PeriodicalId":44524,"journal":{"name":"Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75853441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-24DOI: 10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id978
L. Beddoe
INTRODUCTION: A feature of the Covid-19 pandemic in Aotearoa New Zealand was the introduction of mass vaccination and vaccine mandates as public health measures to minimise serious illness and deaths. These measures were generally popular, with wide support, and 90% uptake of vaccines across the eligible population. A minority, however, objected strenuously to both mass vaccination and mandates. In a stressful period, this opposition and the unrest generated significant conflict. Social work was not immune to this conflict. Approach: This commentary explores the nature of dissent in social work about vaccines in Aotearoa New Zealand after August 2021, drawing on theoretical explanations of vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Social theory is helpful in unpacking arguments for and against public health initiatives. Conclusions: Opposition to vaccine mandates has been framed as legitimate dissent where freedom and rights are largely conceptualised within a lens of neoliberal individualism. Social work values heavily weigh in on the side of a collectivist public health approach and this does not negate human rights.
{"title":"The formulation of anti-vaccination mandate views in social work","authors":"L. Beddoe","doi":"10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id978","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000INTRODUCTION: A feature of the Covid-19 pandemic in Aotearoa New Zealand was the introduction of mass vaccination and vaccine mandates as public health measures to minimise serious illness and deaths. These measures were generally popular, with wide support, and 90% uptake of vaccines across the eligible population. A minority, however, objected strenuously to both mass vaccination and mandates. In a stressful period, this opposition and the unrest generated significant conflict. Social work was not immune to this conflict.\u0000Approach: This commentary explores the nature of dissent in social work about vaccines in Aotearoa New Zealand after August 2021, drawing on theoretical explanations of vaccine hesitancy and refusal. Social theory is helpful in unpacking arguments for and against public health initiatives.\u0000Conclusions: Opposition to vaccine mandates has been framed as legitimate dissent where freedom and rights are largely conceptualised within a lens of neoliberal individualism. Social work values heavily weigh in on the side of a collectivist public health approach and this does not negate human rights.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":44524,"journal":{"name":"Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84641095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-24DOI: 10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id1001
P. Garrett
Introduction to the special section on dissent.
对异议特别部分的介绍。
{"title":"Introduction to the special section on dissent in social work","authors":"P. Garrett","doi":"10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id1001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction to the special section on dissent.","PeriodicalId":44524,"journal":{"name":"Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87104966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-24DOI: 10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id925
J. Hanley
INTRODUCTION: In December 2019, Social Work England (SWE) officially took over as the regulator of the approximately 100,000 social workers in England. This article explores the foundations and first two years of SWE, suggesting that, as a regulator, it has earned the collective dissent of social workers. APPROACH: Initially, a brief history of social work regulation in England is provided, before moving on to explore the founding of SWE and the makeup of the organisation. The regulator’s standards and rules, approach to consultation and representative role are also discussed. DISCUSSION: This culminates in a discussion about the dissent that many social workers in England have already started to demonstrate towards SWE, with a particular focus on the new continuing professional development (CPD) requirements. The potential to translate this largely individual dissent into collective action and mutual support is explored.
{"title":"Social Work England: A regulator worthy of our collective dissent","authors":"J. Hanley","doi":"10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss3id925","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000INTRODUCTION: In December 2019, Social Work England (SWE) officially took over as the regulator of the approximately 100,000 social workers in England. This article explores the foundations and first two years of SWE, suggesting that, as a regulator, it has earned the collective dissent of social workers.\u0000APPROACH: Initially, a brief history of social work regulation in England is provided, before moving on to explore the founding of SWE and the makeup of the organisation. The regulator’s standards and rules, approach to consultation and representative role are also discussed.\u0000DISCUSSION: This culminates in a discussion about the dissent that many social workers in England have already started to demonstrate towards SWE, with a particular focus on the new continuing professional development (CPD) requirements. The potential to translate this largely individual dissent into collective action and mutual support is explored.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":44524,"journal":{"name":"Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work","volume":"38-40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78290076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-16DOI: 10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id879
M. James, K. Reid
Introduction: To learn of a terminal illness is devastating at any age. How much more so when it occurs in early or mid-adulthood, when people are busy with family and career goals. Those facing death when under 65 years of age are a group whose voice is virtually invisible in the palliative caregiving literature. Yet one in every five people die in New Zealand before 65 years of age. For Māori, almost half will die under the age of 65.Methods: Eight bereaved family carers were interviewed with particular focus on the strengths that underpinned and sustained them through the spouse’s illness and death. The research utilised a social construction methodology and thematic analysis of the narratives was undertaken to identify the key themes.Findings: Following analysis, themes emerged relating to the Medical Circle of Care, the Home Circle of Care, Saying Goodbye, and Picking Up the Threads. Further analysis revealed the strengths of love, hope, family, teamwork and resilience in coping with these experiences.Conclusion: Three key findings for palliative care teams emerge from the research. These are to prioritise support for family carers, to enable access to Social Work, and the provision of targeted support for bereaved family carers.
{"title":"Strengths of family carers: Looking after a terminally ill adult under 65 years of age","authors":"M. James, K. Reid","doi":"10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id879","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To learn of a terminal illness is devastating at any age. How much more so when it occurs in early or mid-adulthood, when people are busy with family and career goals. Those facing death when under 65 years of age are a group whose voice is virtually invisible in the palliative caregiving literature. Yet one in every five people die in New Zealand before 65 years of age. For Māori, almost half will die under the age of 65.Methods: Eight bereaved family carers were interviewed with particular focus on the strengths that underpinned and sustained them through the spouse’s illness and death. The research utilised a social construction methodology and thematic analysis of the narratives was undertaken to identify the key themes.Findings: Following analysis, themes emerged relating to the Medical Circle of Care, the Home Circle of Care, Saying Goodbye, and Picking Up the Threads. Further analysis revealed the strengths of love, hope, family, teamwork and resilience in coping with these experiences.Conclusion: Three key findings for palliative care teams emerge from the research. These are to prioritise support for family carers, to enable access to Social Work, and the provision of targeted support for bereaved family carers. ","PeriodicalId":44524,"journal":{"name":"Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77792082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-16DOI: 10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id905
Trish Van Katwyk, Catherine Guzik
INTRODUCTION: This article reports on a collaborative critical autoethnographic study that we, two white settler social workers, conducted about our engagement with Inuit youth in Nunavut. APPROACH: We facilitated three digital storytelling projects with youth living in three different Nunavut communities. By engaging in a collaborative critical autoethnography study, we were able to attend to the ways in which we were entering into communities, paying particular attention to the ways in which white supremist colonial thought has impacted our training and our locations within larger structures—shaped by colonising histories with consequences that mould day-to-day life and opportunity for the Inuit youth engaged in the digital storytelling. FINDINGS: Through collaborative critical autoethnography, using individual research memos and guided dialogue, we considered the ways in which commodification was structured into our relationships, how these structures continue to be colonising, and consider the impact of the past and current colonisation. We also encountered the many strengths and resistances of the Inuit of Nunavut. IMPLICATIONS: By bringing these considerations to light, we hope to enter into relationships with Inuit communities with fewer of the biases and assumptions that underlay and rationalise the structures that we have critically examined.
{"title":"Using collaborative critical autoethnography to decolonise through “seeing” and doing: Social work, community engagement, and ethical practice","authors":"Trish Van Katwyk, Catherine Guzik","doi":"10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id905","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000INTRODUCTION: This article reports on a collaborative critical autoethnographic study that we, two white settler social workers, conducted about our engagement with Inuit youth in Nunavut.\u0000APPROACH: We facilitated three digital storytelling projects with youth living in three different Nunavut communities. By engaging in a collaborative critical autoethnography study, we were able to attend to the ways in which we were entering into communities, paying particular attention to the ways in which white supremist colonial thought has impacted our training and our locations within larger structures—shaped by colonising histories with consequences that mould day-to-day life and opportunity for the Inuit youth engaged in the digital storytelling.\u0000FINDINGS: Through collaborative critical autoethnography, using individual research memos and guided dialogue, we considered the ways in which commodification was structured into our relationships, how these structures continue to be colonising, and consider the impact of the past and current colonisation. We also encountered the many strengths and resistances of the Inuit of Nunavut.\u0000IMPLICATIONS: By bringing these considerations to light, we hope to enter into relationships with Inuit communities with fewer of the biases and assumptions that underlay and rationalise the structures that we have critically examined.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":44524,"journal":{"name":"Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84990297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-16DOI: 10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id853
Hawa Matthews
This article presents a discussion of the concept of emotional intelligence and provides a rationale with reference to the relevant literature on the concept and significance of emotional intelligence in social work education. In this piece I argue that emotions can influence moral decision making in social work and may act as moral markers and motivators for social work practitioners and students. It offers my viewpoint on emotional intelligence based on my practice experience as a registered social worker, a social work educator and a learner completing a PhD in social work. Finally, I explicate some suggestions to further include emotional intelligence in the social workers’ ongoing professional development and social work students’ education.
{"title":"The relevance of emotional intelligence in social work practice and education","authors":"Hawa Matthews","doi":"10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id853","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a discussion of the concept of emotional intelligence and provides a rationale with reference to the relevant literature on the concept and significance of emotional intelligence in social work education. In this piece I argue that emotions can influence moral decision making in social work and may act as moral markers and motivators for social work practitioners and students. It offers my viewpoint on emotional intelligence based on my practice experience as a registered social worker, a social work educator and a learner completing a PhD in social work. Finally, I explicate some suggestions to further include emotional intelligence in the social workers’ ongoing professional development and social work students’ education.","PeriodicalId":44524,"journal":{"name":"Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84158826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-16DOI: 10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id939
Kerstin Hagena, Alina Hagena, Luis Arevalo
Staring through the lens of the ANZASW Code of Ethics, it is our opinion that one ethical principle, the last clause under Manaakitanga regarding animal sentience, is starting to become more meaningful than others when one is discussing the aforementioned notions. We go further and suggest that animal rights, the natural environment, climate change, and humanities permanency have intersected and are now a united single strand and that social work, through its own Code of Ethics, may be a leading force to achieve positive outcomes on all interconnected pathways
{"title":"For the future of all life, the Code of Ethics is the key","authors":"Kerstin Hagena, Alina Hagena, Luis Arevalo","doi":"10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id939","url":null,"abstract":"Staring through the lens of the ANZASW Code of Ethics, it is our opinion that one ethical principle, the last clause under Manaakitanga regarding animal sentience, is starting to become more meaningful than others when one is discussing the aforementioned notions. We go further and suggest that animal rights, the natural environment, climate change, and humanities permanency have intersected and are now a united single strand and that social work, through its own Code of Ethics, may be a leading force to achieve positive outcomes on all interconnected pathways","PeriodicalId":44524,"journal":{"name":"Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74495865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-16DOI: 10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id932
Lynne Soon-Chean Park, Shajimon Peter
INTRODUCTION: Critical realism (CR) provides a unique and robust philosophical framework for social work researchers by attending to the role of individual agency and social structure; however, little practical guidance is available regarding how the ontology and epistemology of CR can be applied as a methodological framework for qualitative research. APPROACH: In this article, we explain what CR is in relation to other ontological and epistemological positions and provide some practical suggestions for CR-informed research by drawing on relevant examples from a study that examined the causes of trust among Korean migrants in Aotearoa New Zealand. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the three-layered ontological map of CR justifies the use of series of data-coding processes to identify preliminary tendencies at the surface layer of empirical reality, abductive reasoning to formulate ideas about how observed tendencies are connected at the middle layer of actual reality and retroductive inference to identify causal mechanisms or structures and key conditions embedded in the deeper layer of real reality to produce certain experiences under study.
{"title":"Application of critical realism in social work research: Methodological considerations","authors":"Lynne Soon-Chean Park, Shajimon Peter","doi":"10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol34iss2id932","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000INTRODUCTION: Critical realism (CR) provides a unique and robust philosophical framework for social work researchers by attending to the role of individual agency and social structure; however, little practical guidance is available regarding how the ontology and epistemology of CR can be applied as a methodological framework for qualitative research.\u0000APPROACH: In this article, we explain what CR is in relation to other ontological and epistemological positions and provide some practical suggestions for CR-informed research by drawing on relevant examples from a study that examined the causes of trust among Korean migrants in Aotearoa New Zealand.\u0000CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the three-layered ontological map of CR justifies the use of series of data-coding processes to identify preliminary tendencies at the surface layer of empirical reality, abductive reasoning to formulate ideas about how observed tendencies are connected at the middle layer of actual reality and retroductive inference to identify causal mechanisms or structures and key conditions embedded in the deeper layer of real reality to produce certain experiences under study.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":44524,"journal":{"name":"Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79943824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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