Tobacco Prevention & Cessation最新文献

Introduction: E-cigarette and heated tobacco product (HTP) marketing often leverages digital media and points-of-sale (POS) and advertises risk reduction, including in Armenia and Georgia where male cigarette use rates are high.

Methods: Using 2022 survey data from Armenian and Georgian adults (n=1468, mean age=42.92 years, 51.4% female; and past-month use of e-cigarettes 3.2%, HTPs 2.7%, and cigarettes 31.6%), multivariable linear regression examined 4 outcomes - e-cigarette and HTP use intentions and perceived risk (1=not at all, to 7=extremely) - in relation to past-month e-cigarette or HTP advertisement exposure via digital media, traditional media, and POS, controlling for covariates (country, age, gender, education level, relationship status, children, past-month cigarette and e-cigarette/HTP use).

Results: E-cigarette and HTP use intentions were low (mean score=1.47, SD=1.39 each), while perceived risk was high (mean score=5.83, SD=1.6, and mean score=5.87, SD=1.56, respectively). Past-month exposure to e-cigarette and HTP advertisements, respectively, were 12.9% and 11.2% via digital media, 6.1% and 4.8% traditional media, and 22.5% and 21.1% POS. For e-cigarettes, ad exposure via digital media was associated with greater use intentions (β=0.24; 95% CI: 0.03-0.44), ad exposure via traditional media (β= -0.32; 95% CI: -0.55 - -0.09) and POS (β= -0.30; 95% CI: -0.60 - -0.004) was associated with lower risk perceptions. For HTPs, ad exposure via digital media (β=0.35; 95% CI: 0.14-0.56) and POS (β=0.21; 95% CI: 0.04-3.63) was associated with greater use intentions, and ad exposure at POS was associated with lower risk perceptions (β= -0.23; 95% CI: -0.42 - -0.03).

Conclusions: Tobacco control efforts should monitor and regulate e-cigarette and HTP marketing, particularly via digital media which may effectively promote use, and via POS which may target and influence risk perceptions.

Smoke-free legislation has been shown to positively impact reducing secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, especially in countries that have implemented comprehensive legislation rather than partial bans. Also, secondhand aerosols (SHA) that come from the heating of tobacco or liquids, with or without nicotine, in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have been proven to increase levels of harmful substances in the air. Therefore, protection against SHS and SHA exposure and expansion of smoke- and aerosol-free environments (SAFE) should be taken into account when creating or trying to expand or enforce clean air policies. This article aims to present the protocol for a consultation with experts on tobacco and nicotine control in order to identify best practices, barriers, and opportunities for the expansion of SAFE in Europe. We identified experts among policymakers, researchers, and tobacco regulators in European countries and invited them to participate in the consultation by completing an online survey designed, programmed, and pilot-tested using Survey Monkey. The responses to the questionnaire contained quantitative and qualitative information that was thematically analyzed. The experts' consultation allowed us to produce a report on barriers and opportunities for SAFE, a report and a position paper on SAFE best practices, a web-based repository of best practices, and a weight of evidence paper that assembles evidence supporting the expansion of SAFE on indoor and outdoor spaces.

Introduction: Due to a continuing international trend of decentralization of public health policies, local governments are given an increasingly important role in tobacco control. The process of developing local-level tobacco control policies is an underexplored topic. This study uses grant applications as a data source to gain insight into the planning, development and proposed implementation of local tobacco control policies by regional public health departments in the Netherlands.

Methods: Grant applications of 24 regional public health departments were analyzed using the second stage of the rational policy cycle, a four-stages policy model about the decisions made by local policy makers during the policy process. We coded the applications with open and axial coding.

Results: Public health departments formulated four main goals for tobacco control: adding tobacco control policies to existing local policy documents, creating smoke-free (child) environments, developing and improving access to smoking cessation care, and participating in media campaigns. Public health departments often specify tobacco control aims and involve partners in reaching these aims. However, the grant applications lacked information about implementing these tobacco control policies.

Conclusions: The information on implementation strategies and process evaluation, as well as the (evidence-based) legitimation for the policy choices, needs improvement. Under the current conditions, which include the brief explanation the departments received, an unclear mandate, insufficient funding, and local restricting factors such as time and knowledge, significant contributions to tobacco control policy cannot be expected from local governments.

Introduction: Quality of patient-provider communication regarding tobacco use may encourage cessation that could lead to improved health outcomes for mothers and children. However, currently there are no validated measures of frequency and quality of patient-provider communication about cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The objective of this study was to adapt and validate measures of frequency and quality of patient-provider communication about smoking and e-cigarette use among a sample of pregnant mothers who currently smoked.

Methods: An online sample of US pregnant women who reported past 30-day smoking were recruited to complete a cross-sectional, online survey (n=267). An exploratory factor analysis examined the factor structure of four measures of frequency and quality of patient-provider communication about cigarettes and e-cigarettes among those who reported prior communication with their provider about cigarettes and e-cigarettes (n=170). Relationships between measures were explored, and a logistic regression explored each measure's association with intention to switch from cigarettes to e-cigarettes.

Results: Items measuring the frequency of communication loaded onto one factor for both cigarettes and e-cigarettes (α=0.88). Quality of communication loaded onto two factors for both cigarettes and e-cigarettes, termed active communication and internalized perception. Internalized perceptions of communication quality about cigarettes (β= -0.32, p<0.002), active communication (β=0.46, p<0.02), and internalized perceptions of communication about e-cigarettes (β= -0.36, p<0.001) were related to intention to switch, in separated models.

Conclusions: Quality conversations between healthcare providers and pregnant patients is likely more important for behavioral decision-making than the frequency of communication.

Introduction: Smoking cessation reduces the risk of myocardial infarctions (MI) and death in patients with coronary heart disease. Smoking status is frequently assessed based on self-report. The aims of this study were to compare self-reported and objectively measured (exhaled carbon monoxide [eCO]) smoking status after MI, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and to assess whether assumed wrongly declared smoking cessation was associated to poorer achievement of other treatment targets for secondary prevention.

Methods: This study was a sub-analysis from a randomized controlled trial at Sorlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway, 2007-2022, including patients hospitalized due to MI or after scheduled PCI/CABG, and primarily aimed at comparing secondary preventive follow-up in the outpatient clinic versus primary healthcare. Participants were followed up after the index event through outpatient consultations. Smoking status was assessed by self-report and by eCO (Smokerlyzer, Bedfont, UK) with concentration values ≥6 ppm interpreted as suggesting smoking.

Results: A total of 1540 participants aged 18-80 years were included in the main study. Self-reported smoking status and concomitant eCO measurement one year after the index event were available in 1291 (84%) participants. In all, Brussels, Belgium, from the 12th to the 13th of September 2024. The concentration of eCO was ≥6 ppm one year after the index event in 285 (22%) patients, and 72 (25%) of these patients reported non-smoking. Fewer patients with elevated eCO reporting non-smoking achieved the treatment target for blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg) in comparison to those reporting smoking (53% vs 68%, p=0.02). No differences for the other treatment targets for secondary prevention were found.

Conclusions: The study indicates a need for objective measures for smoking cessation both in clinical studies and in clinical practice, and may indicate a lack of truthfulness regarding smoking habits.

Clinical trial registration: The study is registered on the official website of ClinicalTrials.gov.

Identifier: ID NCT00679237.

Introduction: The use of e-cigarettes is increasing worldwide, especially among young adults. Due to the health risks, this study aimed to assess undergraduate students' e-cigarette use and attitudes toward them, and evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program to develop e-cigarette control leaders at the University in Lampang province, Thailand.

Methods: Participatory action research (PAR) was conducted among 46 undergraduate students. To assess the situations of undergraduate students' e-cigarette use and attitudes toward them, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 of those students - nine users and nine non-users. The remaining 28 were student leaders who were given questionnaires and took part in focus groups to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention program in developing e-cigarette control leaders. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic analysis of the content. This study took place at the University in Lampang province, Thailand, in 2023.

Results: Regarding the use of e-cigarettes on the part of undergraduate students and their attitudes about their use, the majority of users stated that e-cigarettes were accessible, appealing, and more socially acceptable than conventional cigarettes. However, most non-users cited vapor smell and health impacts as their main reason for not using e-cigarettes. The intervention program to develop leaders in e-cigarette control could significantly enhance the leaders' knowledge (p<0.001) and attitude regarding e-cigarettes (p=0.001). After their anti-e-cigarette campaign, the soft skills and managerial abilities of the leaders in e-cigarette control improved, and the knowledge and attitude regarding e-cigarettes of undergraduate students who attended the campaign also increased.

Conclusions: The intervention program to develop leaders in e-cigarette control resulted in positive outcomes. This program could enhance the leaders' knowledge and attitude regarding e-cigarettes. Their soft skills and managerial abilities in e-cigarette control also improved.

Introduction: E-cigarettes have rapidly gained a market share in South Africa and globally. Concerns have been raised over the growing popularity of e-cigarettes among young people, who are frequently drawn to these novel products and are especially targeted by marketers. Using a qualitative method, this study aimed to gain insight into young adults' knowledge, experiences, and perceptions of e-cigarette use in Cape Town, South Africa.

Methods: We conducted five focus groups (FGs) among students of the University of Cape Town (n=48; 46% females; 54% males; aged 18-25 years). These FGs, which included both e-cigarette users and non-users, were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using Nvivo 12 software.

Results: Despite their lack of information about the chemical constituents of e-cigarettes and their harm, participants perceived them as healthier than combustible cigarettes. Participants equated the pleasant smell and environmental friendliness of e-cigarettes with safety. The absence of e-cigarette regulation was interpreted as evidence of their safety. Participants indicated that the lack of anti-e-cigarette indoor policies, the deceptive marketing regarding their safety, and their low price compared to combustible cigarettes, had key roles in increasing young people's use of e-cigarettes.

Conclusions: Findings highlight factors at multiple levels contributing to e-cigarette use among young people in South Africa. Comprehensive strategies for e-cigarette regulation and prevention are needed. Potential strategies include increasing knowledge of e-cigarette harms through evidence-based communication campaigns and strengthening e-cigarette regulations by limiting e-cigarette advertisements, banning vaping in public places, and reducing the flavors used in e-cigarettes.

Introduction: Most US quitlines have quitsites and websites designated to promote their services. Quitsites have the potential to encourage LGBTQ individuals to utilize quitline services by explicitly mentioning the provision of LGBTQ-competent services. The present study audited quitsites to determine the presence of information regarding services for LGBTQ individuals.

Methods: Using a checklist consisting of nine criteria, a cross-sectional audit of the US quitsites was conducted between 16 October and 8 November 2023. The audit was divided into two phases: 1) auditors coded all quitsites separately, and 2) auditors met with the first author to compare their coding and reach a consensus. The inter-rater agreement was calculated. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for each criterion.

Results: Auditors evaluated a total of 46 quitsites. Inter-rater agreement was 96.85%. Seven quitsites (15.2%) met 0 of the nine criteria, and 36.9% of the quitsites (17/46) met more than six criteria. Only one quitsite met 8 of 9. No individual website met all nine criteria. While 84.8% of quitsites had at least a singular mention of the LGBTQ community somewhere on their website, only 4.3% of the quitsites mentioned the LGBTQ community on their landing page.

Conclusions: Most quitsites mentioned the LGBTQ community somewhere on their website (84.8%). However, only 4.3% of the quitsites mentioned the LGBTQ community on their landing page. Results suggest that quitsites explicitly mention the provision of services for LGBTQ individuals on their landing page, which has the potential to engage LGBTQ individuals into quitline services and reduce tobacco-related disparities.