Tobacco Prevention & Cessation最新文献

Introduction: Although advertising and promotion of tobacco products in Poland are prohibited, tobacco companies exploit legal loopholes and insufficient enforcement of the laws to conduct their marketing. To reach young adults, advertisements are placed in entertainment and social venues. This aspect of tobacco product marketing in Poland remains under-researched. The main aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of advertising and promotion of tobacco products in nightclubs in Gdansk, a large city in northern Poland.

Methods: We conducted a single-center observational study of nightclubs in Gdansk, between July and October 2022. Two independent observers visited 30 nightclubs and collected information using pre-prepared research form. The occurrences of tobacco branded bar accessories, logo signs, package displays and other forms of advertising and promotion were recorded. Where possible, photographs of visible marketing displays were taken.

Results: Advertising of tobacco products was present in 2/3 of the nightclubs observed. The most commonly advertised product category were heated tobacco products. Tobacco brand representatives promoted and offered consumers free tobacco product samples. Multi-level marketing activities were observed, including tobacco branded bar accessories, prominent sale points and tobacco brand logo signs.

Conclusions: The majority of nightclubs observed in Gdansk advertise and promote tobacco products. The ban on tobacco advertising and promotion is being violated in nightclubs, where the most commonly advertised products are heated tobacco products. The authorities should take steps to extend the bans to cover private promotion and enforce the law to protect high-risk individuals from smoking initiation and relapse.

Introduction: The study aimed to assess the impact of a new intervention proposal involving students, teachers, and parents on smoking prevalence in secondary school adolescents.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted, in which the response to a preventive multi-personal intervention model (intervention) against tobacco consumption was compared with a standard anti-smoking activity carried out by the local government administration (control). The study was carried out during the 2017-2018 academic year. The study population included 306 students (intervention 151, control 155) with a mean age of 13.4 years. The model involved the parents, the students (aged 15-17 years), and the teachers. The primary outcome was the change in smoking status one year after the intervention.

Results: The percentage of non-smokers increased from 84.1% to 88.7% in the intervention group and remained almost unchanged among controls (89.3% vs 89.9%). After one year, there was an increase in the prevalence of non-smokers of 4.6% and a decrease in the prevalence of smokers of 4.7% among students who received the multi-personal intervention, whereas changes among controls were almost negligible (there was in fact a slight increase in the prevalence of smokers of 0.9%). The students who received the intervention smoked less or quit smoking more than those in the control group (OR=0.135; 95% CI: 0.019-0.973, p=0.047).

Conclusions: The multi-personal model developed in the study with the participation of teachers and parents focused on students was feasible, and effectively reduced the prevalence of smoking among high school adolescents.

Introduction: As e-cigarette marketing strategies diversify, it is important to examine exposure to and impact of e-cigarette advertisements and non-advertising content (e.g. on social media) via multiple media channels among adults in different regulatory contexts.

Methods: Using 2021 cross-sectional data among 2222 adults in the US (n=1128) and Israel (n=1094), multivariable regression examined past-month e-cigarette advertisement and non-advertising content exposure in relation to past-month e-cigarette use (logistic regression), as well as use intentions and risk perceptions (linear regressions), controlling for sociodemographics and tobacco use.

Results: Overall, 20.3% reported past-month e-cigarette use (15.5% US, 25.2% Israel), 46.1% any advertisement exposure (28.7% digital media, 25.2% traditional media, 16.8% retail settings), and 34.1% any non-advertising exposure (19.4% social media, 13.6% websites, 12.3% movie/television/theater, 5.8% radio/podcasts). Exposure to digital media advertisements (AOR=1.95; 95% CI: 1.42-2.66), traditional media advertisements (AOR=2.00; 95% CI=1.49-2.68), and social media non-advertising (AOR=1.72; 95% CI: 1.25-2.36) correlated with e-cigarette use. Exposure to traditional media advertisements (β=0.23; 95% CI: 0.08-0.38) and social media non-advertising (β=0.26; 95% CI: 0.09-0.43) correlated with use intentions. Exposure to digital media advertisements (β= -0.32; 95% CI: -0.57 - -0.08), retail setting advertisements (β= -0.30; 95% CI: -0.58 - -0.03), and radio/podcast non-advertising (β= -0.44; 95% CI: -0.84 - -0.03) correlated with lower perceived addictiveness. Radio/podcast non-advertising exposure (β= -0.50; 95% CI: -0.84 - -0.16) correlated with lower perceived harm. However, retail setting advertisement exposure was associated with e-cigarette non-use (AOR=0.61; 95% CI: 0.42-0.87), and traditional media advertisement (β=0.38; 95% CI: 0.15-0.61) and social media non-advertising exposure (β=0.40; 95% CI: 0.14-0.66) correlated with greater perceived addictiveness.

Conclusions: E-cigarette-related promotional content exposure across media platforms impacts perceptions and use, thus warranting regulation.

Introduction: Nicotine-containing products (NCPs) such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are increasingly common throughout the landscape of youth use of nicotine-containing products (NCP), and have overtaken traditional cigarette smoking modalities. This study seeks to examine the genetic and environmental influences on liability for susceptibility and initiation of ENDS and other NCPs among US children.

Methods: Data were drawn from 886 monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs aged 9-10 years in the Adolescent Brain & Cognitive Development (ABCD) study at the baseline during 2016-2018. Heritability (h²) measured the proportion of the total phenotypic variation attributable to genes. Variance component models were utilized to analyze influences from the common environment (c²) and unique environmental factors (e²), taking into account correlations within twin pairs.

Results: The national sample included 50% females, 69.5% of non-Hispanic Whites, 12.8% of non-Hispanic Blacks, and 11.6% of Hispanics, with a mean age of 121.5 months. The twin sets were 60% DZ and 40% MZ. Heritability was low for NCP susceptibility (h²=0) and moderate for NCP initiation (h²=39%, p=0.02). The variance associated with NCP susceptibility was primarily influenced by environmental factors, especially one's unique factors (c²=37%, p<0.0001 vs e²=63%, p<0.0001). In contrast, the variance associated with NCP initiation was split across common and unique environmental factors (c²=32%, p=0.02 vs e²=29%, p=0.02).

Conclusions: In the era with ENDS use surging among youth, NCP initiation remains to be a heritable trait with joint influence from the environment. NCP susceptibility is largely influenced by environmental factors, especially unique environments. Continued assessment of gene × environment interaction can better inform future youth NCP interventions.

Introduction: There is limited evidence to inform e-cigarette quitting interventions. This mixed-methods study examined: 1) e-cigarette and other tobacco product perceptions and cessation-related factors; and 2) potential behavioral intervention strategies among young adults reporting exclusive e-cigarette use or dual use with other tobacco products.

Methods: We analyzed Fall 2020 survey data from 726 participants reporting past 6-month e-cigarette use (mean age=24.15 years, 51.1% female, 38.5% racial/ethnic minority) from 6 US metropolitan areas and Spring 2021 qualitative interview data from a subset (n=40), comparing tobacco-related perceptions and cessation-related factors among those reporting exclusive use versus dual use.

Results: Among survey participants (35.5% exclusive e-cigarette use, 64.5% dual use), those reporting dual use indicated greater importance of quitting all tobacco or nicotine products (mean=5.28, SD=3.44 vs mean=4.65, SD=3.75, p=0.033), whereas those reporting exclusive use expressed greater confidence in quitting e-cigarettes (mean=7.59, SD=3.06 vs mean=7.08, SD=3.01, p=0.029) and all tobacco and nicotine products (mean=7.00, SD=3.16 vs mean=6.31, SD=3.13, p=0.008), as well as less favorable perceptions (i.e. more harmful to health and addictive, less socially acceptable) of cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco (p<0.05). Interview participants (50.0% exclusive e-cigarette use; 50.0% dual use) attributed previous failed e-cigarette quit attempts to their inability to cope with social influences, stress, and withdrawal symptoms. Although most expressed disinterest in quitting due to belief of eventually outgrowing e-cigarettes (among those reporting exclusive use) or unreadiness to abstain from nicotine (among those reporting dual use), many acknowledged the need for quitting interventions.

Conclusions: Young adult e-cigarette cessation interventions should target risk perceptions, cessation barriers, and social influences/support.

Introduction: Smoking remains a leading cause of preventable death in France, even among the elderly. Although smoking prevalence has decreased overall, it still affects a significant portion of older adults. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary healthcare professionals regarding smoking and smoking cessation among the elderly in France.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involved 300 primary care professionals (general practitioners, pharmacists, nurses) in the Ile-de-France region. Data collection occurred via telephone interviews in September and October 2019. The study employed a questionnaire focusing on knowledge (10 questions), attitudes (12 statements), and clinical practices (7 questions) related to tobacco dependence in older adults. Responses were scored based on correctness for knowledge and appropriateness for attitudes and practices.

Results: The surveyed professionals were predominantly female (57.7%), with a mean age of 53.0 years, and most were non-smokers or former smokers (85.3%). While 66.7% believed older smokers had lower cessation rates, only 64.3% knew it was safe to prescribe nicotine replacement therapy for the elderly. Attitude scores averaged 8.8/12, with pharmacists scoring highest (9.9) and nurses lowest (8.2). Practices scores averaged 2.8/7, with physicians scoring highest (3.8) and pharmacists lowest (1.9).

Conclusions: Primary healthcare professionals have a relatively good knowledge of the management of tobacco dependence in the elderly and consider it to be part of their mission. However, their confidence in their abilities needs to be strengthened, and many opportunities to counsel and assist this population to quit smoking are still being missed. Preventive approaches to older smokers are essential, in keeping with the concept that 'every contact with the healthcare system counts'. Improving practice will require education and training that will not only build knowledge but also change perceptions, leading to better attitudes and practices in the management of smoking cessation among older adults.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18332/tpc/162878.].