Introduction: E-cigarettes have rapidly gained a market share in South Africa and globally. Concerns have been raised over the growing popularity of e-cigarettes among young people, who are frequently drawn to these novel products and are especially targeted by marketers. Using a qualitative method, this study aimed to gain insight into young adults' knowledge, experiences, and perceptions of e-cigarette use in Cape Town, South Africa.
Methods: We conducted five focus groups (FGs) among students of the University of Cape Town (n=48; 46% females; 54% males; aged 18-25 years). These FGs, which included both e-cigarette users and non-users, were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using Nvivo 12 software.
Results: Despite their lack of information about the chemical constituents of e-cigarettes and their harm, participants perceived them as healthier than combustible cigarettes. Participants equated the pleasant smell and environmental friendliness of e-cigarettes with safety. The absence of e-cigarette regulation was interpreted as evidence of their safety. Participants indicated that the lack of anti-e-cigarette indoor policies, the deceptive marketing regarding their safety, and their low price compared to combustible cigarettes, had key roles in increasing young people's use of e-cigarettes.
Conclusions: Findings highlight factors at multiple levels contributing to e-cigarette use among young people in South Africa. Comprehensive strategies for e-cigarette regulation and prevention are needed. Potential strategies include increasing knowledge of e-cigarette harms through evidence-based communication campaigns and strengthening e-cigarette regulations by limiting e-cigarette advertisements, banning vaping in public places, and reducing the flavors used in e-cigarettes.
{"title":"Knowledge, perceptions, and experiences of e-cigarettes among young adults in Cape Town, South Africa: Insights from focus groups to inform regulations and prevention strategies.","authors":"Pakhani Mhazo, Alison Swartz, Taghrid Asfar, Melissa Wallace","doi":"10.18332/tpc/190616","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tpc/190616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>E-cigarettes have rapidly gained a market share in South Africa and globally. Concerns have been raised over the growing popularity of e-cigarettes among young people, who are frequently drawn to these novel products and are especially targeted by marketers. Using a qualitative method, this study aimed to gain insight into young adults' knowledge, experiences, and perceptions of e-cigarette use in Cape Town, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted five focus groups (FGs) among students of the University of Cape Town (n=48; 46% females; 54% males; aged 18-25 years). These FGs, which included both e-cigarette users and non-users, were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using Nvivo 12 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite their lack of information about the chemical constituents of e-cigarettes and their harm, participants perceived them as healthier than combustible cigarettes. Participants equated the pleasant smell and environmental friendliness of e-cigarettes with safety. The absence of e-cigarette regulation was interpreted as evidence of their safety. Participants indicated that the lack of anti-e-cigarette indoor policies, the deceptive marketing regarding their safety, and their low price compared to combustible cigarettes, had key roles in increasing young people's use of e-cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight factors at multiple levels contributing to e-cigarette use among young people in South Africa. Comprehensive strategies for e-cigarette regulation and prevention are needed. Potential strategies include increasing knowledge of e-cigarette harms through evidence-based communication campaigns and strengthening e-cigarette regulations by limiting e-cigarette advertisements, banning vaping in public places, and reducing the flavors used in e-cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11372481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.18332/tpc/191510
Cassidy R LoParco, Ana Dekanosidze, Arevik Torosyan, Lilit Grigoryan, Varduhi Hayrumyan, Zhanna Sargsyan, Yuxian Cui, Darcey McCready, Regine Haardӧrfer, Nour Alayan, Michelle C Kegler, Alexander Bazarchyan, Lela Sturua, Marina Topuridze, Carla J Berg
Introduction: Armenia's and Georgia's high rates of smoking and secondhand smoke and recent implementation of smoke-free laws provide a timely opportunity to examine factors that increase compliance, like social enforcement and support for governmental enforcement.
Methods: Using 2022 data from 1468 Armenian and Georgian adults (mean age=42.92 years, 48.6% male, 31.6% past-month smoking), multilevel linear regression examined tobacco-related media exposures, social exposures, and perceptions/attitudes in relation to: 1) likelihood of asking someone to extinguish cigarettes where a) prohibited and b) allowed; and 2) support of fines for smoke-free violations (1=not at all to 4=very).
Results: There was low average likelihood of asking someone to extinguish cigarettes where allowed (mean=1.01, SD=1.12) or prohibited (mean=1.57, SD=1.21) and 'little' agreement with fines for smoke-free violations (mean=2.13, SD=1.06). Having fewer friends who smoked, greater support for indoor smoke-free laws, and no past-month cigarette use were positively associated with all 3 outcomes. Greater exposure to media and community-based action supporting smoke-free policies, and witnessing more requests to stop smoking where prohibited, were associated with higher likelihood of asking someone to extinguish cigarettes where allowed or prohibited. Less exposure to news stories opposing smoke-free policies and cigarette ads and higher perceived harm of cigarettes were also related to higher likelihood of asking someone to stop smoking where prohibited. Higher perceived harm of cigarettes was also associated with greater agreement with fines for smoke-free violations.
Conclusions: Comprehensive strategies targeting social norms, media exposure, and risk perceptions are needed to effectively facilitate strategies to enhance smoke-free law enforcement.
导言:亚美尼亚和格鲁吉亚的吸烟率和二手烟率很高,最近又实施了无烟法律,这为研究社会执法和对政府执法的支持等提高守法率的因素提供了一个及时的机会:使用来自 1468 名亚美尼亚和格鲁吉亚成年人(平均年龄 42.92 岁,48.6% 为男性,31.6% 在过去一个月吸烟)的 2022 个数据,多层次线性回归研究了与烟草相关的媒体接触、社会接触以及与以下方面相关的认知/态度:1)在 a) 禁止和 b) 允许的情况下要求他人熄灭香烟的可能性;以及 2)支持对违反无烟规定的行为处以罚款(1=完全不支持到 4=非常支持):在允许(平均值=1.01,标准差=1.12)或禁止(平均值=1.57,标准差=1.21)的情况下,要求他人熄灭香烟的平均可能性较低,对违反无烟规定的罚款 "几乎 "不同意(平均值=2.13,标准差=1.06)。吸烟的朋友越少、对室内无烟法律的支持程度越高、过去一个月不吸烟与上述三项结果均呈正相关。更多接触支持无烟政策的媒体和社区行动,以及目睹更多在禁止吸烟的地方停止吸烟的要求,与更有可能在允许或禁止吸烟的地方要求他人熄灭香烟有关。较少接触反对无烟政策的新闻报道和香烟广告,以及较高的香烟危害感知也与较高的要求他人在禁止吸烟的地方熄灭香烟的可能性有关。香烟危害感知越高,越同意对违反无烟政策的行为处以罚款:结论:需要针对社会规范、媒体曝光和风险认知的综合策略,以有效促进加强无烟执法的策略。
{"title":"Factors associated with support for social enforcement of smoke-free policies in Georgia and Armenia.","authors":"Cassidy R LoParco, Ana Dekanosidze, Arevik Torosyan, Lilit Grigoryan, Varduhi Hayrumyan, Zhanna Sargsyan, Yuxian Cui, Darcey McCready, Regine Haardӧrfer, Nour Alayan, Michelle C Kegler, Alexander Bazarchyan, Lela Sturua, Marina Topuridze, Carla J Berg","doi":"10.18332/tpc/191510","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tpc/191510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Armenia's and Georgia's high rates of smoking and secondhand smoke and recent implementation of smoke-free laws provide a timely opportunity to examine factors that increase compliance, like social enforcement and support for governmental enforcement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using 2022 data from 1468 Armenian and Georgian adults (mean age=42.92 years, 48.6% male, 31.6% past-month smoking), multilevel linear regression examined tobacco-related media exposures, social exposures, and perceptions/attitudes in relation to: 1) likelihood of asking someone to extinguish cigarettes where a) prohibited and b) allowed; and 2) support of fines for smoke-free violations (1=not at all to 4=very).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was low average likelihood of asking someone to extinguish cigarettes where allowed (mean=1.01, SD=1.12) or prohibited (mean=1.57, SD=1.21) and 'little' agreement with fines for smoke-free violations (mean=2.13, SD=1.06). Having fewer friends who smoked, greater support for indoor smoke-free laws, and no past-month cigarette use were positively associated with all 3 outcomes. Greater exposure to media and community-based action supporting smoke-free policies, and witnessing more requests to stop smoking where prohibited, were associated with higher likelihood of asking someone to extinguish cigarettes where allowed or prohibited. Less exposure to news stories opposing smoke-free policies and cigarette ads and higher perceived harm of cigarettes were also related to higher likelihood of asking someone to stop smoking where prohibited. Higher perceived harm of cigarettes was also associated with greater agreement with fines for smoke-free violations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Comprehensive strategies targeting social norms, media exposure, and risk perceptions are needed to effectively facilitate strategies to enhance smoke-free law enforcement.</p>","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tobacco use remains the largest preventable cause of death worldwide, including Hungary with a smoking-related death rate in 2019 of 360/100000 (age-standardized death rate), among the highest in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Despite the well-formulated tobacco control interventions defined by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in place, smoking prevalence in 2019 was high (27%) and has not decreased since 2014. Therefore, greater emphasis should be placed on addressing and treating smokers. This narrative review summarizes the progress in smoking cessation support in Hungary to identify strengths and areas for improvement. A literature search was conducted in the Hungarian Arcanum Digital Science Library. After 2012, data were derived from the National Methodology Center for Cessation Support reports. The National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology established the first organized network of cessation counselling services in 1987 in outpatient pulmonary clinics (OPCs) sponsored by a State Insurance tender. By 1999, individual behavioral counselling with medication was accessible to 130 healthcare providers, due to the support of pharmaceutical companies. Since 2005, the National Health Insurance Fund has financed smoking cessation support in OPCs, albeit at a low value. Having recognized that OPCs are overburdened by the organizational tasks of cessation support and that funding is intermittent, from 2020, the counselling service has transferred to the existing network of health promotion offices, although without specific funding for cessation programs and communication. Adequate and regular funding for established counselling services and nicotine withdrawal treatment is essential to achieve progress in tobacco control. The role of healthcare professionals is outstanding; therefore, individual responsibilities should be recognized.
{"title":"The history of smoking cessation support in Hungary: A narrative review","authors":"Zsuzsa Cselkó, Judit Tisza, Márta Fényes","doi":"10.18332/tpc/191141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/191141","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco use remains the largest preventable cause of death worldwide, including Hungary with a smoking-related death rate in 2019 of 360/100000 (age-standardized death rate), among the highest in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Despite the well-formulated tobacco control interventions defined by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in place, smoking prevalence in 2019 was high (27%) and has not decreased since 2014. Therefore, greater emphasis should be placed on addressing and treating smokers. This narrative review summarizes the progress in smoking cessation support in Hungary to identify strengths and areas for improvement. A literature search was conducted in the Hungarian Arcanum Digital Science Library. After 2012, data were derived from the National Methodology Center for Cessation Support reports. The National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology established the first organized network of cessation counselling services in 1987 in outpatient pulmonary clinics (OPCs) sponsored by a State Insurance tender. By 1999, individual behavioral counselling with medication was accessible to 130 healthcare providers, due to the support of pharmaceutical companies. Since 2005, the National Health Insurance Fund has financed smoking cessation support in OPCs, albeit at a low value. Having recognized that OPCs are overburdened by the organizational tasks of cessation support and that funding is intermittent, from 2020, the counselling service has transferred to the existing network of health promotion offices, although without specific funding for cessation programs and communication. Adequate and regular funding for established counselling services and nicotine withdrawal treatment is essential to achieve progress in tobacco control. The role of healthcare professionals is outstanding; therefore, individual responsibilities should be recognized.","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tobacco use remains the largest preventable cause of death worldwide, including Hungary with a smoking-related death rate in 2019 of 360/100000 (age-standardized death rate), among the highest in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Despite the well-formulated tobacco control interventions defined by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in place, smoking prevalence in 2019 was high (27%) and has not decreased since 2014. Therefore, greater emphasis should be placed on addressing and treating smokers. This narrative review summarizes the progress in smoking cessation support in Hungary to identify strengths and areas for improvement. A literature search was conducted in the Hungarian Arcanum Digital Science Library. After 2012, data were derived from the National Methodology Center for Cessation Support reports. The National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology established the first organized network of cessation counselling services in 1987 in outpatient pulmonary clinics (OPCs) sponsored by a State Insurance tender. By 1999, individual behavioral counselling with medication was accessible to 130 healthcare providers, due to the support of pharmaceutical companies. Since 2005, the National Health Insurance Fund has financed smoking cessation support in OPCs, albeit at a low value. Having recognized that OPCs are overburdened by the organizational tasks of cessation support and that funding is intermittent, from 2020, the counselling service has transferred to the existing network of health promotion offices, although without specific funding for cessation programs and communication. Adequate and regular funding for established counselling services and nicotine withdrawal treatment is essential to achieve progress in tobacco control. The role of healthcare professionals is outstanding; therefore, individual responsibilities should be recognized.
{"title":"The history of smoking cessation support in Hungary: A narrative review","authors":"Zsuzsa Cselkó, Judit Tisza, Márta Fényes","doi":"10.18332/tpc/191141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/191141","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco use remains the largest preventable cause of death worldwide, including Hungary with a smoking-related death rate in 2019 of 360/100000 (age-standardized death rate), among the highest in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Despite the well-formulated tobacco control interventions defined by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in place, smoking prevalence in 2019 was high (27%) and has not decreased since 2014. Therefore, greater emphasis should be placed on addressing and treating smokers. This narrative review summarizes the progress in smoking cessation support in Hungary to identify strengths and areas for improvement. A literature search was conducted in the Hungarian Arcanum Digital Science Library. After 2012, data were derived from the National Methodology Center for Cessation Support reports. The National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology established the first organized network of cessation counselling services in 1987 in outpatient pulmonary clinics (OPCs) sponsored by a State Insurance tender. By 1999, individual behavioral counselling with medication was accessible to 130 healthcare providers, due to the support of pharmaceutical companies. Since 2005, the National Health Insurance Fund has financed smoking cessation support in OPCs, albeit at a low value. Having recognized that OPCs are overburdened by the organizational tasks of cessation support and that funding is intermittent, from 2020, the counselling service has transferred to the existing network of health promotion offices, although without specific funding for cessation programs and communication. Adequate and regular funding for established counselling services and nicotine withdrawal treatment is essential to achieve progress in tobacco control. The role of healthcare professionals is outstanding; therefore, individual responsibilities should be recognized.","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.18332/tpc/187767
Sairam V Jabba, Sven E Jordt
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires tobacco product manufacturers to submit Premarket Tobacco Product Applications (PMTA) for new products, granting marketing approval only if deemed appropriate for the protection of public health. Historically, the tobacco industry has exploited loopholes in the Tobacco Control Act (TCA), especially related to the definitions of nicotine, tobacco product and characterizing flavors, to circumvent the PMTA requirement. In 2023, the industry introduced several 'PMTA-exempt' e-cigarette and smokeless products, including products containing 6-methyl nicotine, a synthetic nicotine analog that is pharmacologically more potent than nicotine. In late 2023 and early 2024, the major US e-cigarette suppliers Nicotine River and ECBlend introduced 'PMTA-exempt' products with the brand names 'Nixamide' or 'Nixodine' or 'Nixotine', with nicotinamide as the main active ingredient. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 with no known pharmacological activity at nicotinic receptors. Here, we report that the marketing claims for these products, suggesting them and be nicotine substitute products designed to target nicotinic receptors and provide the same experience as nicotine, is deceptive and misleading to consumers. We also inform that these products have evolved further to contain a combination of nicotinamide and 6-methyl nicotine. The regulatory implications of these newly introduced products are discussed.
{"title":"Marketing of nicotinamide as nicotine replacement in electronic cigarettes and smokeless tobacco.","authors":"Sairam V Jabba, Sven E Jordt","doi":"10.18332/tpc/187767","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tpc/187767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires tobacco product manufacturers to submit Premarket Tobacco Product Applications (PMTA) for new products, granting marketing approval only if deemed appropriate for the protection of public health. Historically, the tobacco industry has exploited loopholes in the Tobacco Control Act (TCA), especially related to the definitions of nicotine, tobacco product and characterizing flavors, to circumvent the PMTA requirement. In 2023, the industry introduced several 'PMTA-exempt' e-cigarette and smokeless products, including products containing 6-methyl nicotine, a synthetic nicotine analog that is pharmacologically more potent than nicotine. In late 2023 and early 2024, the major US e-cigarette suppliers Nicotine River and ECBlend introduced 'PMTA-exempt' products with the brand names 'Nixamide' or 'Nixodine' or 'Nixotine', with nicotinamide as the main active ingredient. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 with no known pharmacological activity at nicotinic receptors. Here, we report that the marketing claims for these products, suggesting them and be nicotine substitute products designed to target nicotinic receptors and provide the same experience as nicotine, is deceptive and misleading to consumers. We also inform that these products have evolved further to contain a combination of nicotinamide and 6-methyl nicotine. The regulatory implications of these newly introduced products are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11295357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.18332/tpc/190582
Kathryn La Capria, Kristen R Hamilton-Moseley, Lilianna Phan, Bambi Jewett, Kiana Hacker, Kelvin Choi, Julia Chen-Sankey
Introduction: It is unclear how young adults who do not use tobacco perceive FDA-authorized e-cigarettes for market entry. This study explored the perceptions and use interests of FDA-authorized e-cigarettes among this population to inform policy decision-making.
Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with young adults in the US, aged 18-29 years, who do not use tobacco (n=25). Participants viewed images of FDA-authorized e-cigarettes and discussed their perceptions and interest in using these products. We used reflexive thematic analysis to analyze interview data.
Results: Many participants stated that they were not interested in using FDA-authorized e-cigarettes because they had little interest in using e-cigarettes in general. Additionally, almost all participants found the tobacco flavor and product design of these products unappealing, which further added to their disinterest. Most reported high trust in the FDA and its authorization process for e-cigarette market entry and considered FDA-authorized e-cigarettes safe to use. Most considered FDA-authorized products less harmful than other (unauthorized) e-cigarettes they saw in daily life but were not more interested in using the authorized products. When given the hypothetical scenario where FDA-authorized products come with a variety of fruit and candy flavors, most participants still expressed little interest in using them, mainly due to the high perceived harm from using any e-cigarette products.
Conclusions: Although non-tobacco-using young adults in our study reported low interest in using FDA-authorized e-cigarettes for market entry and e-cigarettes in general, the FDA is recommended to continue to evaluate the impact of flavorings and packages on e-cigarette product appeal to reduce e-cigarette use among young people. The FDA should also examine strategies to effectively communicate the purpose of FDA authorization to the public and emphasize that it does not mean these products are 'approved' or safer than unauthorized products.
导言:目前尚不清楚不使用烟草的年轻成年人如何看待 FDA 批准进入市场的电子烟。本研究探讨了这一人群对 FDA 授权电子烟的看法和使用兴趣,为政策决策提供参考:我们对美国 18-29 岁不吸烟的年轻人(25 人)进行了深入访谈。参与者观看了经 FDA 授权的电子烟图片,并讨论了他们对使用这些产品的看法和兴趣。我们采用反思性主题分析法对访谈数据进行了分析:结果:许多参与者表示,他们对使用美国食品及药物管理局授权的电子烟不感兴趣,因为他们对使用电子烟总体兴趣不大。此外,几乎所有参与者都认为这些产品的烟草味道和产品设计不讨人喜欢,这进一步增加了他们的不感兴趣。大多数人表示高度信任美国食品及药物管理局及其电子烟市场准入授权程序,并认为美国食品及药物管理局授权的电子烟使用安全。大多数人认为,与他们在日常生活中看到的其他(未经授权的)电子烟相比,FDA 授权的产品危害较小,但他们对使用授权产品的兴趣并不大。当假设FDA授权产品有各种水果和糖果口味时,大多数参与者仍然表示对使用这些产品兴趣不大,主要原因是他们认为使用任何电子烟产品都有很大危害:尽管在我们的研究中,不吸烟的年轻人对使用经 FDA 授权的电子烟进入市场和使用一般电子烟兴趣不大,但建议 FDA 继续评估香精和包装对电子烟产品吸引力的影响,以减少年轻人使用电子烟。食品及药物管理局还应研究策略,有效地向公众传达食品及药物管理局授权的目的,并强调这并不意味着这些产品 "获得批准 "或比未经授权的产品更安全。
{"title":"Perceptions of FDA-authorized e-cigarettes and use interest among young adults who do not use tobacco.","authors":"Kathryn La Capria, Kristen R Hamilton-Moseley, Lilianna Phan, Bambi Jewett, Kiana Hacker, Kelvin Choi, Julia Chen-Sankey","doi":"10.18332/tpc/190582","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tpc/190582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It is unclear how young adults who do not use tobacco perceive FDA-authorized e-cigarettes for market entry. This study explored the perceptions and use interests of FDA-authorized e-cigarettes among this population to inform policy decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted in-depth interviews with young adults in the US, aged 18-29 years, who do not use tobacco (n=25). Participants viewed images of FDA-authorized e-cigarettes and discussed their perceptions and interest in using these products. We used reflexive thematic analysis to analyze interview data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Many participants stated that they were not interested in using FDA-authorized e-cigarettes because they had little interest in using e-cigarettes in general. Additionally, almost all participants found the tobacco flavor and product design of these products unappealing, which further added to their disinterest. Most reported high trust in the FDA and its authorization process for e-cigarette market entry and considered FDA-authorized e-cigarettes safe to use. Most considered FDA-authorized products less harmful than other (unauthorized) e-cigarettes they saw in daily life but were not more interested in using the authorized products. When given the hypothetical scenario where FDA-authorized products come with a variety of fruit and candy flavors, most participants still expressed little interest in using them, mainly due to the high perceived harm from using any e-cigarette products.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although non-tobacco-using young adults in our study reported low interest in using FDA-authorized e-cigarettes for market entry and e-cigarettes in general, the FDA is recommended to continue to evaluate the impact of flavorings and packages on e-cigarette product appeal to reduce e-cigarette use among young people. The FDA should also examine strategies to effectively communicate the purpose of FDA authorization to the public and emphasize that it does not mean these products are 'approved' or safer than unauthorized products.</p>","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11284675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An analysis of research grants allocated to researchers by the Smoking Research Foundation funded by Japan Tobacco Inc. in 2018.","authors":"Rintaro Shiga, Shingo Nakagawasai, Eishin Hashimoto, Insu Cho, Hiroaki Saito, Akihiko Ozaki, Tetsuya Tanimoto, Shigeaki Ando, Hiroaki Shimmura, Michiya Saito, Takahiro Tabuchi","doi":"10.18332/tpc/191140","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tpc/191140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11274627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.18332/tpc/191108
Ramin Shiraly, Aryan Mohamadinezhad
{"title":"The narrow gender gap in hookah smoking behavior among Iranian university students.","authors":"Ramin Shiraly, Aryan Mohamadinezhad","doi":"10.18332/tpc/191108","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tpc/191108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11258654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141735340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.18332/tpc/190617
Gintare Valentelyte, Aishling Sheridan, Paul Kavanagh, Frank Doyle, Jan Sorensen
Introduction: Financial incentives to stop smoking (FISS) programs have been implemented internationally to encourage people who smoke to quit smoking. However, such programs require that the financial reward structure and its resulting effects on smoking quit rates are considered. We analyzed a number of scenarios for FISS reward schedules for current smoking individuals in Ireland, with a view to identify the potential implications in terms of financial consequences and expected effects.
Methods: Using national QuitManager services data 2021-2023, we defined smoking quit rates for smokers currently using the national Health Services Executive stop smoking services in Ireland. Smoking quit rates at 4, 12 and 52 weeks were defined, and additionally defined by sex, age and education level. Using scenarios assuming different FISS reward sizes, structures and targeted population sub-groups, we estimated the number of additional quitters, budget impact, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.
Results: A FISS program, if implemented for a cohort of 3500 smokers can result in a budget impact ranging €250000 - €870000. The cost-effectiveness trade-off between different payment schedules and the expected effect size suggested that FISS are cost-effective even at a moderate effect size. A FISS program implemented to approximately 20000 smokers nationally would cost between €2.0 million and €4.8 million, subject to the chosen reward schedule. Across social groups, FISS is more cost-effective for females, individuals in the youngest age group, and individuals with a medium level of education.
Conclusions: This analysis highlights the importance of considering different FISS schedules and potential quit effects, when designing such programs. We highlight that FISS programs should be targeted at certain social groups to achieve highest long-term smoking cessation rates. We also identified important challenges that decision-makers face when designing the reward structure of FISS programs. The acceptability or otherwise of the FISS structures may differ among stakeholders and should be explored.
{"title":"Financial incentives to stop smoking: Potential financial consequences of different reward schedules.","authors":"Gintare Valentelyte, Aishling Sheridan, Paul Kavanagh, Frank Doyle, Jan Sorensen","doi":"10.18332/tpc/190617","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tpc/190617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Financial incentives to stop smoking (FISS) programs have been implemented internationally to encourage people who smoke to quit smoking. However, such programs require that the financial reward structure and its resulting effects on smoking quit rates are considered. We analyzed a number of scenarios for FISS reward schedules for current smoking individuals in Ireland, with a view to identify the potential implications in terms of financial consequences and expected effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using national QuitManager services data 2021-2023, we defined smoking quit rates for smokers currently using the national Health Services Executive stop smoking services in Ireland. Smoking quit rates at 4, 12 and 52 weeks were defined, and additionally defined by sex, age and education level. Using scenarios assuming different FISS reward sizes, structures and targeted population sub-groups, we estimated the number of additional quitters, budget impact, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A FISS program, if implemented for a cohort of 3500 smokers can result in a budget impact ranging €250000 - €870000. The cost-effectiveness trade-off between different payment schedules and the expected effect size suggested that FISS are cost-effective even at a moderate effect size. A FISS program implemented to approximately 20000 smokers nationally would cost between €2.0 million and €4.8 million, subject to the chosen reward schedule. Across social groups, FISS is more cost-effective for females, individuals in the youngest age group, and individuals with a medium level of education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This analysis highlights the importance of considering different FISS schedules and potential quit effects, when designing such programs. We highlight that FISS programs should be targeted at certain social groups to achieve highest long-term smoking cessation rates. We also identified important challenges that decision-makers face when designing the reward structure of FISS programs. The acceptability or otherwise of the FISS structures may differ among stakeholders and should be explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11241474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.18332/tpc/190634
Paola Angela Moro, Francesca Maida, Renata Solimini, Lorenzo Spizzichino, Charlotte G G M Pauwels, Elke Pieper, Anne Havermans
Introduction: Recently, a concerning pattern has emerged in clinical settings, drawing attention to the potential health risks associated with the accidental ingestion, mostly by children, of a new Heated Tobacco Product (HTP) stick, which contains a sharp metal blade inside.
Methods: Following a webinar of the Joint Action on Tobacco Control 2 project, where data on adverse health incidents related to novel tobacco and nicotine products from EU Member States were presented, the Milan Poison Control Center (PCC) conducted a case series study on the accidental ingestion of blade-containing HTP sticks in Italy, between July 2023 and February 2024. The data in the medical records were analyzed to identify the age distribution, clinical presentation symptoms, performed diagnostic procedures, and medical management.
Results: Overall, 40 cases of accidental ingestion of HTP sticks were identified and are described. A total of 33 (82.5%) children (infants and toddlers, mean age 12.3 ± 3.3 months) were hospitalized. Of these, 29 underwent abdominal X-rays, two children underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and one child suffered from cut injuries to the tonsillar pillar and genian mucosa, requiring anesthesia for fibroscopy. The observed clinical cases associated with new HTP sticks containing a metal blade occurred over just eight months. This issue required the immediate implementation of corrective measures to mitigate health risks. The Ministry of Health issued an alert regarding the dangers related to the accidental ingestion of the stick and imposed more visible warnings on the package.
Conclusions: It is of the utmost importance to raise awareness among both the general public and medical practitioners to prevent further cases of accidental ingestion of HTP sticks by infants and toddlers, and ensure a prompt and informed response in emergency situations.
{"title":"Urgent health concerns: Clinical issues associated with accidental ingestion of new metal-blade-containing sticks for heated tobacco products.","authors":"Paola Angela Moro, Francesca Maida, Renata Solimini, Lorenzo Spizzichino, Charlotte G G M Pauwels, Elke Pieper, Anne Havermans","doi":"10.18332/tpc/190634","DOIUrl":"10.18332/tpc/190634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recently, a concerning pattern has emerged in clinical settings, drawing attention to the potential health risks associated with the accidental ingestion, mostly by children, of a new Heated Tobacco Product (HTP) stick, which contains a sharp metal blade inside.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following a webinar of the Joint Action on Tobacco Control 2 project, where data on adverse health incidents related to novel tobacco and nicotine products from EU Member States were presented, the Milan Poison Control Center (PCC) conducted a case series study on the accidental ingestion of blade-containing HTP sticks in Italy, between July 2023 and February 2024. The data in the medical records were analyzed to identify the age distribution, clinical presentation symptoms, performed diagnostic procedures, and medical management.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 40 cases of accidental ingestion of HTP sticks were identified and are described. A total of 33 (82.5%) children (infants and toddlers, mean age 12.3 ± 3.3 months) were hospitalized. Of these, 29 underwent abdominal X-rays, two children underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and one child suffered from cut injuries to the tonsillar pillar and genian mucosa, requiring anesthesia for fibroscopy. The observed clinical cases associated with new HTP sticks containing a metal blade occurred over just eight months. This issue required the immediate implementation of corrective measures to mitigate health risks. The Ministry of Health issued an alert regarding the dangers related to the accidental ingestion of the stick and imposed more visible warnings on the package.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is of the utmost importance to raise awareness among both the general public and medical practitioners to prevent further cases of accidental ingestion of HTP sticks by infants and toddlers, and ensure a prompt and informed response in emergency situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":44546,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Prevention & Cessation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11243506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}