In the summer of 2019, members of the CARTography Project set out to re-create the route that Patrick and Joan Leigh Fermor took during their first visit to the Deep Mani in 1951. The project involved meticulously analysing the couple's notebooks and photographs to glean details about where they had ventured, using least-cost analysis to model their potential routes and ground-truthing the results by walking and boating the routes ourselves. As in much of rural Greece, Mani's topography has changed substantially in the seven decades since the Leigh Fermors’ journey, with paved roads having replaced many of the Ottoman-era footpaths that locals once relied on for travel and transportation. While the transformed landscape we encountered prevented a complete re-enactment of the Leigh Fermors’ journey, it also offered an opportunity to embody key parts of their travelling experience. The results of our study are twofold: first, a detailed map of the route the Leigh Fermors followed based on our reading of their documentary sources; and second, an assessment of the utility of using least-cost analysis to model the routes of historical travellers.
{"title":"MAPPING THE LEIGH FERMORS’ JOURNEY THROUGH THE DEEP MANI IN 1951","authors":"R. Seifried, C. Gardner, M. Tatum","doi":"10.7275/P6KS-YK78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7275/P6KS-YK78","url":null,"abstract":"In the summer of 2019, members of the CARTography Project set out to re-create the route that Patrick and Joan Leigh Fermor took during their first visit to the Deep Mani in 1951. The project involved meticulously analysing the couple's notebooks and photographs to glean details about where they had ventured, using least-cost analysis to model their potential routes and ground-truthing the results by walking and boating the routes ourselves. As in much of rural Greece, Mani's topography has changed substantially in the seven decades since the Leigh Fermors’ journey, with paved roads having replaced many of the Ottoman-era footpaths that locals once relied on for travel and transportation. While the transformed landscape we encountered prevented a complete re-enactment of the Leigh Fermors’ journey, it also offered an opportunity to embody key parts of their travelling experience. The results of our study are twofold: first, a detailed map of the route the Leigh Fermors followed based on our reading of their documentary sources; and second, an assessment of the utility of using least-cost analysis to model the routes of historical travellers.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81519581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-26DOI: 10.1017/s0068245423000023
Rebecca M. Seifried, Chelsea A.M. Gardner, Maria Tatum
In the summer of 2019, members of the CARTography Project set out to re-create the route that Patrick and Joan Leigh Fermor took during their first visit to the Deep Mani in 1951. The project involved meticulously analysing the couple's notebooks and photographs to glean details about where they had ventured, using least-cost analysis to model their potential routes and ground-truthing the results by walking and boating the routes ourselves. As in much of rural Greece, Mani's topography has changed substantially in the seven decades since the Leigh Fermors’ journey, with paved roads having replaced many of the Ottoman-era footpaths that locals once relied on for travel and transportation. While the transformed landscape we encountered prevented a complete re-enactment of the Leigh Fermors’ journey, it also offered an opportunity to embody key parts of their travelling experience. The results of our study are twofold: first, a detailed map of the route the Leigh Fermors followed based on our reading of their documentary sources; and second, an assessment of the utility of using least-cost analysis to model the routes of historical travellers.
{"title":"MAPPING THE LEIGH FERMORS’ JOURNEY THROUGH THE DEEP MANI IN 1951","authors":"Rebecca M. Seifried, Chelsea A.M. Gardner, Maria Tatum","doi":"10.1017/s0068245423000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0068245423000023","url":null,"abstract":"In the summer of 2019, members of the CARTography Project set out to re-create the route that Patrick and Joan Leigh Fermor took during their first visit to the Deep Mani in 1951. The project involved meticulously analysing the couple's notebooks and photographs to glean details about where they had ventured, using least-cost analysis to model their potential routes and ground-truthing the results by walking and boating the routes ourselves. As in much of rural Greece, Mani's topography has changed substantially in the seven decades since the Leigh Fermors’ journey, with paved roads having replaced many of the Ottoman-era footpaths that locals once relied on for travel and transportation. While the transformed landscape we encountered prevented a complete re-enactment of the Leigh Fermors’ journey, it also offered an opportunity to embody key parts of their travelling experience. The results of our study are twofold: first, a detailed map of the route the Leigh Fermors followed based on our reading of their documentary sources; and second, an assessment of the utility of using least-cost analysis to model the routes of historical travellers.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136319619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1017/s0068245423000011
Eirini Paizi
In relation to previous periods, Archaic and Classical Crete presents a contraction in the material record and the evidence for overseas connections. This phenomenon has attracted wide-ranging attention in the scholarship, much of which focuses upon the major Cretan city of Knossos. The present article reviews the evidence from Knossos which suggests a decline in overseas connections and revisits the problem in the light of Archaic and Classical pottery from abroad found at the settlement site of the ‘Unexplored Mansion’. On the basis of these finds, I argue that the impression of decline has been exaggerated, and has been partly shaped by methodological problems in the study of ceramics.
{"title":"OVERSEAS CONNECTIONS OF KNOSSOS AND CRETE IN THE SIXTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES BC: INSIGHTS FROM THE UNEXPLORED MANSION","authors":"Eirini Paizi","doi":"10.1017/s0068245423000011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0068245423000011","url":null,"abstract":"In relation to previous periods, Archaic and Classical Crete presents a contraction in the material record and the evidence for overseas connections. This phenomenon has attracted wide-ranging attention in the scholarship, much of which focuses upon the major Cretan city of Knossos. The present article reviews the evidence from Knossos which suggests a decline in overseas connections and revisits the problem in the light of Archaic and Classical pottery from abroad found at the settlement site of the ‘Unexplored Mansion’. On the basis of these finds, I argue that the impression of decline has been exaggerated, and has been partly shaped by methodological problems in the study of ceramics.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73407933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.2972/hes.2023.a901602
C. Pfaff
ABSTRACT:The 2020 and 2021 excavation seasons at Corinth explored an area in the southern third of the field northeast of the Theater, where work has focused since 2018. Among the results of these two seasons were the discoveries of a Roman road (cardo) running northward from the paved plaza northeast of the Theater and of a sumptuous Roman room lined with marble-veneered benches and paved with an opus sectile floor. The excavations also brought to light more evidence of the Byzantine road that succeeded the Roman cardo and slight remains of other Byzantine structures, including a small circular structure, perhaps an oven.
{"title":"Corinth, 2020 and 2021: Northeast of the Theater","authors":"C. Pfaff","doi":"10.2972/hes.2023.a901602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2972/hes.2023.a901602","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The 2020 and 2021 excavation seasons at Corinth explored an area in the southern third of the field northeast of the Theater, where work has focused since 2018. Among the results of these two seasons were the discoveries of a Roman road (cardo) running northward from the paved plaza northeast of the Theater and of a sumptuous Roman room lined with marble-veneered benches and paved with an opus sectile floor. The excavations also brought to light more evidence of the Byzantine road that succeeded the Roman cardo and slight remains of other Byzantine structures, including a small circular structure, perhaps an oven.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":"85 1","pages":"355 - 404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79821913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.2972/hes.2023.a901600
A. Stewart
ABSTRACT:This article, the twelfth and last of a series presented in this journal, offers an overview of the officially commissioned sculptures and paintings in the Athenian Agora from Kleisthenes through Augustus (ca. 510 b.c. to a.d. 14). It also offers new dates and interpretations for some of them, synthesizing the results of work done in the Agora from 2007 to 2019 with the evidence of the written sources. Three appendices present a gazetteer of the sculptures and paintings on and in the Agora’s public buildings, its state-sponsored honorific portraits, and the freestanding statues of the gods there.
{"title":"“Memorials of all Our Noble Deeds”: Politics, Power, and Representation in the Athenian Agora, 510 B.C. to A.D. 14. A Critical Review","authors":"A. Stewart","doi":"10.2972/hes.2023.a901600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2972/hes.2023.a901600","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This article, the twelfth and last of a series presented in this journal, offers an overview of the officially commissioned sculptures and paintings in the Athenian Agora from Kleisthenes through Augustus (ca. 510 b.c. to a.d. 14). It also offers new dates and interpretations for some of them, synthesizing the results of work done in the Agora from 2007 to 2019 with the evidence of the written sources. Three appendices present a gazetteer of the sculptures and paintings on and in the Agora’s public buildings, its state-sponsored honorific portraits, and the freestanding statues of the gods there.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":"17 1","pages":"191 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73282563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.2972/hes.2023.a901601
J. Curbera, Jessica L. Lamont
ABSTRACT:This article publishes 25 lead tablets recovered during systematic excavations of the Athenian Agora, 24 of which were inscribed with curses. All objects date from the 4th century b.c. and emerged in three discrete contexts: beneath the Tholos, in the southern Industrial District, and in the well beside the so-called Crossroads Enclosure. These tablets expand and complicate our understanding of Athenian curse-writing rituals during the Late Classical and Early Hellenistic periods, while shedding new light on onomastics, prosopography, ritual space, and social history in 4th-century Athens.
{"title":"Classical and Hellenistic Curse Tablets from the Athenian Agora","authors":"J. Curbera, Jessica L. Lamont","doi":"10.2972/hes.2023.a901601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2972/hes.2023.a901601","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This article publishes 25 lead tablets recovered during systematic excavations of the Athenian Agora, 24 of which were inscribed with curses. All objects date from the 4th century b.c. and emerged in three discrete contexts: beneath the Tholos, in the southern Industrial District, and in the well beside the so-called Crossroads Enclosure. These tablets expand and complicate our understanding of Athenian curse-writing rituals during the Late Classical and Early Hellenistic periods, while shedding new light on onomastics, prosopography, ritual space, and social history in 4th-century Athens.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":"103 1","pages":"311 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79172848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1017/s0068245422000168
Megan Daniels
The corpus of carved ivories from the sanctuary of Orthia at Sparta forms one of the most cosmopolitan assemblages from Archaic Laconia. One image within this corpus, however, has remained an anomaly: a mirror-image scene on two plaques showing three figures mourning a deceased male in the prothesis ritual. The puzzling nature of these plaques rests on the dearth of imagery elsewhere in Laconia from this period displaying the prothesis, unlike Attica. These images have been viewed as representing a mythical death or a commemoration of an actual death, tied to a period in Sparta's history when elite groups claimed power through ostentatious ritual, but their overall meaning within Orthia's sanctuary remains obscure. I argue, however, that these plaques are not anomalies within the ivory corpus, nor are they divorced from the broader ritual programme in Orthia's sanctuary – rather, the ivory corpus itself represents a unified composition that merged scenes showing ideal activities for Spartan citizens with heroic episodes from myth, geared towards the achievement of everlasting kléos. The semantics of these combined iconographies are clarified via comparison with cultic implements described in ancient literature alongside extant examples of multi-scene figural pottery from the seventh and sixth centuries. This paper thus highlights the mythological and ideological meanings of the prothesis plaques within the broader ivory corpus, and elucidates the role of complex figural iconographies in the elaboration of heroic ideals centred on Spartan citizens in this period.
{"title":"CELEBRATING DEATH AT THE SANCTUARY OF ORTHIA: A PROTHESIS SCENE, THE IVORY CORPUS AND RITUAL LANDSCAPES IN THE ARCHAIC PERIOD","authors":"Megan Daniels","doi":"10.1017/s0068245422000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0068245422000168","url":null,"abstract":"The corpus of carved ivories from the sanctuary of Orthia at Sparta forms one of the most cosmopolitan assemblages from Archaic Laconia. One image within this corpus, however, has remained an anomaly: a mirror-image scene on two plaques showing three figures mourning a deceased male in the prothesis ritual. The puzzling nature of these plaques rests on the dearth of imagery elsewhere in Laconia from this period displaying the prothesis, unlike Attica. These images have been viewed as representing a mythical death or a commemoration of an actual death, tied to a period in Sparta's history when elite groups claimed power through ostentatious ritual, but their overall meaning within Orthia's sanctuary remains obscure. I argue, however, that these plaques are not anomalies within the ivory corpus, nor are they divorced from the broader ritual programme in Orthia's sanctuary – rather, the ivory corpus itself represents a unified composition that merged scenes showing ideal activities for Spartan citizens with heroic episodes from myth, geared towards the achievement of everlasting kléos. The semantics of these combined iconographies are clarified via comparison with cultic implements described in ancient literature alongside extant examples of multi-scene figural pottery from the seventh and sixth centuries. This paper thus highlights the mythological and ideological meanings of the prothesis plaques within the broader ivory corpus, and elucidates the role of complex figural iconographies in the elaboration of heroic ideals centred on Spartan citizens in this period.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80030772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-16DOI: 10.1017/s0068245422000156
A. Kelly, B. O'Neill
In this paper, we present findings from a field inspection of the Knossos aqueduct undertaken in 2019. A key contribution of our fieldwork was the architectural identification of the Roman channel underlying the nineteenth-century wall of the Ottoman-Egyptian aqueduct supplying Iraklio. While reuse of the Roman aqueduct in the nineteenth century was known from historical reports, the structural overlap has never been identified in the field or documented archaeologically, until now. We recorded the Roman channel lined with opus signinum running along the base of the nineteenth-century aqueduct's wall between Fundana and Spilia. Through this realisation in the field, we were able to establish diagnostic styles of masonry for both periods. Our architectural distinction between the overlaid aqueducts allowed us to integrate previously disarticulated components of the later system, like the reused Roman tunnel at Skalani and the nineteenth-century bridge at Spilia, into an integrated Ottoman-Egyptian water supply for Iraklio. As we approached Knossos from Spilia, we were also able to identify the point at which the Venetian aqueduct supplying Iraklio converged with the Roman system. Consequently, our 2019 fieldwork not only mapped the length of the Roman aqueduct supplying the city of Knossos but also that section of the nineteenth-century Ottoman-Egyptian aqueduct of Iraklio built directly over it and a shorter tract of the Venetian aqueduct of Iraklio that either ran alongside it or was, in turn, itself partially overlaid by the nineteenth-century system.
{"title":"THE ROMAN AQUEDUCT OF KNOSSOS, A MODEL FOR NINETEENTH-CENTURY AQUEDUCT DESIGN","authors":"A. Kelly, B. O'Neill","doi":"10.1017/s0068245422000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0068245422000156","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present findings from a field inspection of the Knossos aqueduct undertaken in 2019. A key contribution of our fieldwork was the architectural identification of the Roman channel underlying the nineteenth-century wall of the Ottoman-Egyptian aqueduct supplying Iraklio. While reuse of the Roman aqueduct in the nineteenth century was known from historical reports, the structural overlap has never been identified in the field or documented archaeologically, until now. We recorded the Roman channel lined with opus signinum running along the base of the nineteenth-century aqueduct's wall between Fundana and Spilia. Through this realisation in the field, we were able to establish diagnostic styles of masonry for both periods. Our architectural distinction between the overlaid aqueducts allowed us to integrate previously disarticulated components of the later system, like the reused Roman tunnel at Skalani and the nineteenth-century bridge at Spilia, into an integrated Ottoman-Egyptian water supply for Iraklio. As we approached Knossos from Spilia, we were also able to identify the point at which the Venetian aqueduct supplying Iraklio converged with the Roman system. Consequently, our 2019 fieldwork not only mapped the length of the Roman aqueduct supplying the city of Knossos but also that section of the nineteenth-century Ottoman-Egyptian aqueduct of Iraklio built directly over it and a shorter tract of the Venetian aqueduct of Iraklio that either ran alongside it or was, in turn, itself partially overlaid by the nineteenth-century system.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80264258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.1017/s0068245422000144
D. Mason
In 1952 Sinclair Hood found a large deposit of pottery in front of the Great Poros Wall at Mycenae and published a brief account of its discovery the following year. In 1966 Elizabeth French published a paper discussing the pottery, assigning it an early Late Helladic IIIB1 date. From these accounts, we know that the deposit appeared in four trenches: Prehistoric Cemetery Central (PCC) III, where it sat on a surface of hard tramped earth; PCC IV, where it lay on bedrock; and PCC III Extension East and Area VII, where it rested on white clay plaster floors. But otherwise we learn little about the stratigraphy of these four trenches. Using Hood's unpublished excavation notebook, this paper examines the stratigraphy of the trenches associated with the deposit and uncovers the archaeological history of the area. In doing so, it reveals several omissions in the published accounts, most notably that there was another surface immediately below the white clay plaster floor in PCC III Extension East and a deposit of pottery associated with it. The pottery from this layer, designated Level 3, was mistakenly included by French in her paper. Fifty-four decorated sherds from Level 3 were kept, seven of which were illustrated by French. Most of the sherds come from small stirrup jars; kylikes, including the Zygouries type; Group A deep bowls; and stemmed bowls. The five most popular motifs on the sherds are the flower, whorl-shell, wavy line, parallel chevrons and panelled patterns. The shapes and motifs reflect those in the main pottery deposit and indicate a date of early Late Helladic IIIB1 for the group. The conclusion emphasises the importance of using excavation notebooks in research.
1952年，辛克莱·胡德(Sinclair Hood)在迈锡尼的波罗斯长城(Great Poros Wall)前发现了一大块陶器，并于次年发表了一篇关于这一发现的简短报道。1966年，伊丽莎白·弗伦奇发表了一篇讨论陶器的论文，认为它是希腊晚期的早期。从这些描述中，我们知道这个沉积物出现在四个沟中:史前墓地中心(PCC) III，它坐落在坚硬的踩踏过的地面上;PCC IV，它位于基岩上;第三期扩建东区和第七区，在那里它坐落在白色粘土石膏地板上。但除此之外，我们对这四条海沟的地层学知之甚少。利用胡德未发表的挖掘笔记，本文研究了与该矿床相关的沟的地层，并揭示了该地区的考古历史。在这样做的过程中，它揭示了已发表的报道中的一些遗漏，最值得注意的是，在PCC III扩建东区的白色粘土石膏地板下面有另一个表面，以及与之相关的陶器沉积。这一层的陶器被指定为第三层，被弗伦奇错误地包括在她的论文中。保存了54件3层的装饰碎片，其中7件由法国人绘制。大多数碎片来自小马镫罐;kylikes，包括Zygouries类型;A组深碗;还有带梗的碗。碎片上最受欢迎的五种图案是花、螺壳、波浪线、平行的v形图案和镶板图案。这些形状和图案反映了主要陶器沉积物的形状和图案，表明这群人的年代是希腊晚期IIIB1早期。结论强调了发掘笔记在研究中的重要性。
{"title":"‘A GROUP OF LATE HELLADIC IIIB1 POTTERY FROM MYCENAE’ REVISITED: THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE TRENCHES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEPOSIT AND THE POTTERY FROM LEVEL 3 OF THE PREHISTORIC CEMETERY CENTRAL III EXTENSION EAST","authors":"D. Mason","doi":"10.1017/s0068245422000144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0068245422000144","url":null,"abstract":"In 1952 Sinclair Hood found a large deposit of pottery in front of the Great Poros Wall at Mycenae and published a brief account of its discovery the following year. In 1966 Elizabeth French published a paper discussing the pottery, assigning it an early Late Helladic IIIB1 date. From these accounts, we know that the deposit appeared in four trenches: Prehistoric Cemetery Central (PCC) III, where it sat on a surface of hard tramped earth; PCC IV, where it lay on bedrock; and PCC III Extension East and Area VII, where it rested on white clay plaster floors. But otherwise we learn little about the stratigraphy of these four trenches. Using Hood's unpublished excavation notebook, this paper examines the stratigraphy of the trenches associated with the deposit and uncovers the archaeological history of the area. In doing so, it reveals several omissions in the published accounts, most notably that there was another surface immediately below the white clay plaster floor in PCC III Extension East and a deposit of pottery associated with it. The pottery from this layer, designated Level 3, was mistakenly included by French in her paper. Fifty-four decorated sherds from Level 3 were kept, seven of which were illustrated by French. Most of the sherds come from small stirrup jars; kylikes, including the Zygouries type; Group A deep bowls; and stemmed bowls. The five most popular motifs on the sherds are the flower, whorl-shell, wavy line, parallel chevrons and panelled patterns. The shapes and motifs reflect those in the main pottery deposit and indicate a date of early Late Helladic IIIB1 for the group. The conclusion emphasises the importance of using excavation notebooks in research.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":"118 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82863220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2972/hes.2023.a884939
Trevor Van Damme
ABSTRACT:This article reconstructs the stratigraphy of the Mycenaean Fountain on the North Slope of the Athenian Acropolis, excavated in 1937 and 1938 under the direction of Oscar Broneer. Although Broneer published a detailed report in 1939, his publication was not exhaustive, and the significance of the Early Iron Age finds was overlooked. Drawing on the original excavation notebooks and a complete restudy of all retained ceramic material from the Mycenaean Fountain, I argue for two major filling events: the first early in Late Helladic IIIC (ca. 1200–1170 b.c.) and the second in the Early Archaic period (ca. 700–675 b.c.). The latter provides new evidence for the date of the first temple of Athena on the Acropolis.
{"title":"The Mycenaean Fountain and the Transformation of Space on the Athenian Acropolis: 1200 to 675 B.C.","authors":"Trevor Van Damme","doi":"10.2972/hes.2023.a884939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2972/hes.2023.a884939","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This article reconstructs the stratigraphy of the Mycenaean Fountain on the North Slope of the Athenian Acropolis, excavated in 1937 and 1938 under the direction of Oscar Broneer. Although Broneer published a detailed report in 1939, his publication was not exhaustive, and the significance of the Early Iron Age finds was overlooked. Drawing on the original excavation notebooks and a complete restudy of all retained ceramic material from the Mycenaean Fountain, I argue for two major filling events: the first early in Late Helladic IIIC (ca. 1200–1170 b.c.) and the second in the Early Archaic period (ca. 700–675 b.c.). The latter provides new evidence for the date of the first temple of Athena on the Acropolis.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":"16 1","pages":"111 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80964241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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