Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2972/hes.2023.a884937
C. Hale, S. Hogue, Trevor Van Damme
ABSTRACT:An emerging understanding of Middle Helladic Gray Minyan pottery development in central Greece allows a reconsideration of relative synchronisms between the region and the Cyclades. Updated comparisons indicate that Ayia Irini period IV on Kea was resettled no earlier than the middle of Middle Helladic II in central Greece, not the beginning as previously presented. In addition, comparisons with more distant Cycladic sites, such as Phylakopi, Akrotiri, and Paroikia, add evidence for central Greek and Cycladic interaction prior to the resettlement of Ayia Irini IV. These adjustments have important implications for our understanding of Kea and Ayia Irini, broader interregional interaction, and the overall Aegean Middle Bronze Age relative chronological framework.
{"title":"Gray Minyan in the Middle: Reconsidering Central Greek and Cycladic Middle Bronze Age Synchronisms","authors":"C. Hale, S. Hogue, Trevor Van Damme","doi":"10.2972/hes.2023.a884937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2972/hes.2023.a884937","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:An emerging understanding of Middle Helladic Gray Minyan pottery development in central Greece allows a reconsideration of relative synchronisms between the region and the Cyclades. Updated comparisons indicate that Ayia Irini period IV on Kea was resettled no earlier than the middle of Middle Helladic II in central Greece, not the beginning as previously presented. In addition, comparisons with more distant Cycladic sites, such as Phylakopi, Akrotiri, and Paroikia, add evidence for central Greek and Cycladic interaction prior to the resettlement of Ayia Irini IV. These adjustments have important implications for our understanding of Kea and Ayia Irini, broader interregional interaction, and the overall Aegean Middle Bronze Age relative chronological framework.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83026258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.2972/hes.2023.a884938
S. Hogue
ABSTRACT:This article examines a group of previously unpublished floor plaster fragments together with architectural and stratigraphic evidence from the Main Building of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos. Analysis of the plaster shows that the fragments formed part of the floor of upper-story rooms, which fell during the building's structural collapse. This study confirms an earlier hypothesis that the majority of the Main Building carried an upper story and also indicates that the palatial megaron did not have an upper story or balcony. The evidence from Pylos is considered in light of Late Bronze Age comparanda, allowing for a revised reconstruction of the Mycenaean palatial megaron.
{"title":"The Palatial Megaron and Upper Story in the Palace of Nestor: Evidence for a New Reconstruction","authors":"S. Hogue","doi":"10.2972/hes.2023.a884938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2972/hes.2023.a884938","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This article examines a group of previously unpublished floor plaster fragments together with architectural and stratigraphic evidence from the Main Building of the Palace of Nestor at Pylos. Analysis of the plaster shows that the fragments formed part of the floor of upper-story rooms, which fell during the building's structural collapse. This study confirms an earlier hypothesis that the majority of the Main Building carried an upper story and also indicates that the palatial megaron did not have an upper story or balcony. The evidence from Pylos is considered in light of Late Bronze Age comparanda, allowing for a revised reconstruction of the Mycenaean palatial megaron.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89631719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1017/s0068245422000120
{"title":"ATH volume 117 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0068245422000120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0068245422000120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82556745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1017/s0068245422000132
{"title":"ATH volume 117 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0068245422000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0068245422000132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89462413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.1017/S0068245422000107
Rosemary A. Jeffreys
This paper discusses gilded wreaths from the Greek world, which were sometimes buried in graves in the period between the fourth century BC and Roman times. It is based upon a study undertaken by the author for her doctoral thesis. A categorisation into seven types is proposed, based on first-hand study of some 170 wreaths. Some of the wreaths studied are presented here and a detailed description of one representative example of each type with contextual information is set out in the Appendix. It is not clear whether gilded wreaths were worn in life, but their main use seems to have been funerary. Most were intended for the head, and some ideas as to how the various types may have been worn are proposed. Suggestions as to the probable origin of each of the various types are made, with caveats. The author was able to analyse many wreaths, enabling her to draw some conclusions as to the materials used; the results most relevant to the seven specimens described in the Appendix are set out in the two tables. There follows a discussion of the gilding technique used, which in most cases involved an application of a clay coating and adhesive beneath the gold. Some items with similarities to gilded wreaths are then discussed to set them in context: gold wreaths, terracotta jewellery and single leaves. The paper reviews the four main uses with which wreaths are associated in ancient Greece, all connected (religious purposes; on death; at the symposium and banquets; and to honour victorious athletes and other outstanding persons) before offering some explanations as to why gilded wreaths may have been buried in graves.
{"title":"GILDED WREATHS FROM THE LATE CLASSICAL AND HELLENISTIC PERIODS IN THE GREEK WORLD","authors":"Rosemary A. Jeffreys","doi":"10.1017/S0068245422000107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245422000107","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses gilded wreaths from the Greek world, which were sometimes buried in graves in the period between the fourth century BC and Roman times. It is based upon a study undertaken by the author for her doctoral thesis. A categorisation into seven types is proposed, based on first-hand study of some 170 wreaths. Some of the wreaths studied are presented here and a detailed description of one representative example of each type with contextual information is set out in the Appendix. It is not clear whether gilded wreaths were worn in life, but their main use seems to have been funerary. Most were intended for the head, and some ideas as to how the various types may have been worn are proposed. Suggestions as to the probable origin of each of the various types are made, with caveats. The author was able to analyse many wreaths, enabling her to draw some conclusions as to the materials used; the results most relevant to the seven specimens described in the Appendix are set out in the two tables. There follows a discussion of the gilding technique used, which in most cases involved an application of a clay coating and adhesive beneath the gold. Some items with similarities to gilded wreaths are then discussed to set them in context: gold wreaths, terracotta jewellery and single leaves. The paper reviews the four main uses with which wreaths are associated in ancient Greece, all connected (religious purposes; on death; at the symposium and banquets; and to honour victorious athletes and other outstanding persons) before offering some explanations as to why gilded wreaths may have been buried in graves.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83737320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.2972/hesperia.91.3.0351
D. Wolf
ABSTRACT:A Final Palatial lapis lacedaemonius seal, here called the Sissi Genius Lentoid, was recovered during the 2018 excavation of the Court-Centered Building at Sissi, East Crete. The seal instantly drew attention because of its rare material and unique iconography that shows a Minoan genius flanked by the foreparts of two agrimia. An examination of the object within the context of Late Minoan II–III hard stone glyptic, particularly the lapis lacedaemonius seals, reveals ideological and sociopolitical links between Sissi and other Cretan sites, including neighboring Malia. The lentoid belongs to a group of seals that clearly formed prestige items used by sociopolitical elites who were exercising control over the surrounding land, possibly as delegates of the Knossos palace.
{"title":"The Sissi Genius Lentoid: A Lapis Lacedaemonius Seal from Final Palatial Crete","authors":"D. Wolf","doi":"10.2972/hesperia.91.3.0351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2972/hesperia.91.3.0351","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:A Final Palatial lapis lacedaemonius seal, here called the Sissi Genius Lentoid, was recovered during the 2018 excavation of the Court-Centered Building at Sissi, East Crete. The seal instantly drew attention because of its rare material and unique iconography that shows a Minoan genius flanked by the foreparts of two agrimia. An examination of the object within the context of Late Minoan II–III hard stone glyptic, particularly the lapis lacedaemonius seals, reveals ideological and sociopolitical links between Sissi and other Cretan sites, including neighboring Malia. The lentoid belongs to a group of seals that clearly formed prestige items used by sociopolitical elites who were exercising control over the surrounding land, possibly as delegates of the Knossos palace.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80572674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.2972/hesperia.91.3.0385
K. Slane
Abstract:This article is a reconsideration of the South Stoa at Corinth, and of the Hellenistic and Roman pottery from its wells in particular, in light of a recent proposal that the wells were filled with material that accumulated between 146 and 44 b.c. I examine the stratigraphy of the wells, adding unpublished lamps, amphoras, and Roman vessels to the pottery previously published, and argue that the stoa was destroyed and some of the wells filled by the troops of L. Mummius. Finds from the wells suggest a revised history of the South Stoa from ca. 300 b.c. to the 5th century a.d.
{"title":"The South Stoa at Corinth and Its Wells","authors":"K. Slane","doi":"10.2972/hesperia.91.3.0385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2972/hesperia.91.3.0385","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article is a reconsideration of the South Stoa at Corinth, and of the Hellenistic and Roman pottery from its wells in particular, in light of a recent proposal that the wells were filled with material that accumulated between 146 and 44 b.c. I examine the stratigraphy of the wells, adding unpublished lamps, amphoras, and Roman vessels to the pottery previously published, and argue that the stoa was destroyed and some of the wells filled by the troops of L. Mummius. Finds from the wells suggest a revised history of the South Stoa from ca. 300 b.c. to the 5th century a.d.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88959267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-03DOI: 10.2972/hesperia.91.3.0485
F. Liard, G. Sanders, A. Ben Amara, Noemi Mueller
Abstract:We present a multimethod analysis of 97 lead-glazed tablewares from the so-called Frankish Area at Corinth, at the time of the transition from Frankish feudalism to an administration by powerful Florentine bankers, then the Despotate of the Morea in the late 13th to early 15th century a.d. This sector of the medieval city appears to have been continuously occupied after the Catalan raid of 1312. The results shed new light on the late years of the Corinthian Sgraffito ware industry, and on the role of northern Italian trading cities and their possessions overseas as production and distribution centers of lead-glazed pottery, including imitations of Zeuxippus and other Byzantine wares using specific glaze recipes and pigments.
{"title":"Lead-Glazed Pottery at Late Medieval Corinth: Assessing Craft Production and Trade at a Greek City under Western Influence","authors":"F. Liard, G. Sanders, A. Ben Amara, Noemi Mueller","doi":"10.2972/hesperia.91.3.0485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2972/hesperia.91.3.0485","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:We present a multimethod analysis of 97 lead-glazed tablewares from the so-called Frankish Area at Corinth, at the time of the transition from Frankish feudalism to an administration by powerful Florentine bankers, then the Despotate of the Morea in the late 13th to early 15th century a.d. This sector of the medieval city appears to have been continuously occupied after the Catalan raid of 1312. The results shed new light on the late years of the Corinthian Sgraffito ware industry, and on the role of northern Italian trading cities and their possessions overseas as production and distribution centers of lead-glazed pottery, including imitations of Zeuxippus and other Byzantine wares using specific glaze recipes and pigments.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73514762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1017/S0068245422000119
Andrew Blackler
Little evidence has survived of the long-distance communication networks established by the Byzantines and Venetians in the medieval period. We know only of a chain of beacons established by Leo the Mathematician in the ninth century, an inscription found in the Peloponnese and a Venetian network in the central Aegean. This article reappraises the existing evidence and introduces new data following a study recently undertaken by the author of the topography of Negroponte (modern Euboea) and the medieval towers of Greece. Making extensive use of early cartographic sources, toponymic studies, and satellite imagery and telemetry, it identifies 142 tower and beacon sites on the island alone, and demonstrates, utilising archaeological evidence, how complex messages could be sent between towers. The research also uncovers a new term – the pyrgari, which appears to apply to a circular beacon tower. Combining this new evidence and the topographic study, the article then delineates, using GIS mapping, four Middle Byzantine and Venetian long-distance communication networks. The paper concludes by proposing a theoretical framework for the tower based on its role in communication and defence. Such work potentially helps us to understand in a more nuanced way the administrative and military organisation of the Byzantine themata and the Venetian Empire. The methodology also has potential for application in other regions: in essence it looks at the landscape not as a collection of nodes – bishoprics, cities and fortresses – but as a network of connections.
{"title":"COMMUNICATION AND THE ROLE OF THE MEDIEVAL TOWER IN GREECE: A RE-APPRAISAL","authors":"Andrew Blackler","doi":"10.1017/S0068245422000119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245422000119","url":null,"abstract":"Little evidence has survived of the long-distance communication networks established by the Byzantines and Venetians in the medieval period. We know only of a chain of beacons established by Leo the Mathematician in the ninth century, an inscription found in the Peloponnese and a Venetian network in the central Aegean. This article reappraises the existing evidence and introduces new data following a study recently undertaken by the author of the topography of Negroponte (modern Euboea) and the medieval towers of Greece. Making extensive use of early cartographic sources, toponymic studies, and satellite imagery and telemetry, it identifies 142 tower and beacon sites on the island alone, and demonstrates, utilising archaeological evidence, how complex messages could be sent between towers. The research also uncovers a new term – the pyrgari, which appears to apply to a circular beacon tower. Combining this new evidence and the topographic study, the article then delineates, using GIS mapping, four Middle Byzantine and Venetian long-distance communication networks. The paper concludes by proposing a theoretical framework for the tower based on its role in communication and defence. Such work potentially helps us to understand in a more nuanced way the administrative and military organisation of the Byzantine themata and the Venetian Empire. The methodology also has potential for application in other regions: in essence it looks at the landscape not as a collection of nodes – bishoprics, cities and fortresses – but as a network of connections.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80515507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1017/S0068245422000090
A. Alexandridou
Mandra, on the uninhabited islet of Despotiko in the middle of the Aegean Sea, is well known to the archaeological community, owing to the discovery there in 2001 of an extensive sanctuary of Apollo. Twenty-two edifices have come to light so far, and the systematic excavation continues to elucidate the long history of the site. The Early Iron Age marked the earliest activity there, traces of which offer fertile grounds for reconsidering life in the Cyclades at the time. The richest evidence for this period is offered by a secondary deposition, detected near two Early Iron Age buildings, which revealed thousands of clay sherds, extending from the late ninth/early eighth to the late sixth century BC, quantities of animal bones, and more than 60 metal objects. This article focuses on a small group of Early Iron Age terracotta animal figurines from this deposition. Critically analysing both their association with ritual and the polarity of ritual and profane, an attempt is made to unravel the lifecycle of these figurines, treating them as agents of activity. Their function and meaning are interwoven with the activities operating at the site during the Early Iron Age, at least two centuries before the foundation of the Archaic temenos.
{"title":"THE TERRACOTTA ANIMAL FIGURINES FROM DESPOTIKO: THE LIFE OF HUMANS AND OBJECTS IN THE EARLY IRON AGE CYCLADES BEYOND POLARITIES","authors":"A. Alexandridou","doi":"10.1017/S0068245422000090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068245422000090","url":null,"abstract":"Mandra, on the uninhabited islet of Despotiko in the middle of the Aegean Sea, is well known to the archaeological community, owing to the discovery there in 2001 of an extensive sanctuary of Apollo. Twenty-two edifices have come to light so far, and the systematic excavation continues to elucidate the long history of the site. The Early Iron Age marked the earliest activity there, traces of which offer fertile grounds for reconsidering life in the Cyclades at the time. The richest evidence for this period is offered by a secondary deposition, detected near two Early Iron Age buildings, which revealed thousands of clay sherds, extending from the late ninth/early eighth to the late sixth century BC, quantities of animal bones, and more than 60 metal objects. This article focuses on a small group of Early Iron Age terracotta animal figurines from this deposition. Critically analysing both their association with ritual and the polarity of ritual and profane, an attempt is made to unravel the lifecycle of these figurines, treating them as agents of activity. Their function and meaning are interwoven with the activities operating at the site during the Early Iron Age, at least two centuries before the foundation of the Archaic temenos.","PeriodicalId":44554,"journal":{"name":"Annual of the British School at Athens","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74078889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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