The article presents the results of development of the Russian version of Sources of Spirituality Scale (SOS-Ru scale) based on the SOS scale by Davis et al. for assessing spiritual experiences connected with different objects: Theistic, Transcendent, Human, Nature, Self. Approbation of the Russian version was realized in the sample comprising 412 participants (70% were women) at the age from 17 till 69 y.o. (M=26.8; SD=9.65) who completed online or pen-and-pencil survey. During analysis of validity, we used tests which assess religious spirituality, paranormal beliefs, global social identification, connectedness to nature, hedonism and eudemonia, moral foundations and subjective well-being. The results of CFA confirmed theoretical structure of the SOS-Ru scale. The reliability of subscales was high (0.73—0.95). Validity of subscales was confirmed by correlations with relevant indicators: the Theistic subscale showed the highest correlations with religious spirituality, the Human subscale was most related with global social identification, the Nature subscale was highly correlated with connectedness to nature. The subscales of the SOS-Ru scale showed expected correlations with eudemonia, moral foundations, paranormal beliefs and well-being. Using latent profile analysis we elicited groups with high, moderate, low levels of general spirituality and a group with secular spirituality. The data on gender differences and descriptive statistics which may be used as approximate statistical norms are presented.
{"title":"Russian Version of the Sources of Spirituality Scale","authors":"Российская Федерация","doi":"10.17759/chp.2022180211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2022180211","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of development of the Russian version of Sources of Spirituality Scale (SOS-Ru scale) based on the SOS scale by Davis et al. for assessing spiritual experiences connected with different objects: Theistic, Transcendent, Human, Nature, Self. Approbation of the Russian version was realized in the sample comprising 412 participants (70% were women) at the age from 17 till 69 y.o. (M=26.8; SD=9.65) who completed online or pen-and-pencil survey. During analysis of validity, we used tests which assess religious spirituality, paranormal beliefs, global social identification, connectedness to nature, hedonism and eudemonia, moral foundations and subjective well-being. The results of CFA confirmed theoretical structure of the SOS-Ru scale. The reliability of subscales was high (0.73—0.95). Validity of subscales was confirmed by correlations with relevant indicators: the Theistic subscale showed the highest correlations with religious spirituality, the Human subscale was most related with global social identification, the Nature subscale was highly correlated with connectedness to nature. The subscales of the SOS-Ru scale showed expected correlations with eudemonia, moral foundations, paranormal beliefs and well-being. Using latent profile analysis we elicited groups with high, moderate, low levels of general spirituality and a group with secular spirituality. The data on gender differences and descriptive statistics which may be used as approximate statistical norms are presented.","PeriodicalId":44568,"journal":{"name":"Kulturno-Istoricheskaya Psikhologiya-Cultural-Historical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72710189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Рис. 1. Майкл Коул в своей комнате общежития Московского университета (1962 г.) П 60 лет с момента моей первой встречи с Александром Романовичем. Я был 24-летним американским психологом со степенью доктора философии в области математической теории обучения, участником недавно созданной программы обмена молодых ученых между США и СССР (рис. 1). Он был 60-летним советским психологом, который пережил репрессии, Вторую мировую войну и сталинизм. Кроме того, он был всемирно известным психологом, специализирующимся на нейропсихологии. У меня не было ни малейшего представления о том, чего ожидать от этого года за границей. Я не мог себе представить, что этот год в Москве после защиты докторской диссертации приведет к череде событий, которые свяжут мою жизнь с его жизнью и станут частью как его, так и моей собственной биографии. Мое эссе разделено на две части. Первая — это рассказ о том, как Александр Романович оказал такое глубокое влияние на мою последующую карьеру. Вторая — размышление о сложной взаимосвязи между тем, что я знал, и тем, что я мог озвучить, учитывая исторические обстоятельства того времени.
{"title":"Remembering Alexander Luria…","authors":"M. Cole","doi":"10.17759/chp.2022180306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2022180306","url":null,"abstract":"Рис. 1. Майкл Коул в своей комнате общежития Московского университета (1962 г.) П 60 лет с момента моей первой встречи с Александром Романовичем. Я был 24-летним американским психологом со степенью доктора философии в области математической теории обучения, участником недавно созданной программы обмена молодых ученых между США и СССР (рис. 1). Он был 60-летним советским психологом, который пережил репрессии, Вторую мировую войну и сталинизм. Кроме того, он был всемирно известным психологом, специализирующимся на нейропсихологии. У меня не было ни малейшего представления о том, чего ожидать от этого года за границей. Я не мог себе представить, что этот год в Москве после защиты докторской диссертации приведет к череде событий, которые свяжут мою жизнь с его жизнью и станут частью как его, так и моей собственной биографии. Мое эссе разделено на две части. Первая — это рассказ о том, как Александр Романович оказал такое глубокое влияние на мою последующую карьеру. Вторая — размышление о сложной взаимосвязи между тем, что я знал, и тем, что я мог озвучить, учитывая исторические обстоятельства того времени.","PeriodicalId":44568,"journal":{"name":"Kulturno-Istoricheskaya Psikhologiya-Cultural-Historical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77916346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work is aimed at studying the current attitude towards the ageing person by the generation of “digital childhood” in comparison with the expectations of representatives of the late-age generation. We assumed that, against the background of modern transformations of intergenerational traditions, we can expect descendants to recognize the preservation of the standard of ancestral behavior. 284 residents of Petropavlovsk- Kamchatsky were surveyed: 40 respondents from 57 to 80 years old and 122 child-parent dyads (children from 8,2 to 9.6 years old, parents from 27 to 61 years old). At the first stage, data were obtained from parents using the author's questionnaire allowing them to present their opinion about the real state of the relationship between children and their grandparents and the importance of (non-)participation of grandparents in the upbringing of their grandchildren. At the second stage, the analysis of the interviews in the focus groups of schoolchildren and a gerontological sample concretized attitudes towards a person of senior age and allowed independent experts to identify relevant categories (based on content analysis). At the third stage, options for reflecting the (non-)consent of the older generation with children's judgments were investigated. The results were evaluated on the Likert scale. It is shown that, despite the significant choice of children's attitude as condescending compassion, in the range of consent of the expected attitude, children's variants of continuity of preserving the experience of obligatory and valuable behavior of the grandparents are presented. The data obtained emphasize the problem of recognizing the uniqueness of the experience of each generational group as a source of generational solidarity and the basis of cultural adaptation to age.
{"title":"Generations Attitudes from the Point of View of a Modern Primary School Age Child","authors":"Z. Glozman, V. Naumova","doi":"10.17759/chp.2022180109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2022180109","url":null,"abstract":"The work is aimed at studying the current attitude towards the ageing person by the generation of “digital childhood” in comparison with the expectations of representatives of the late-age generation. We assumed that, against the background of modern transformations of intergenerational traditions, we can expect descendants to recognize the preservation of the standard of ancestral behavior. 284 residents of Petropavlovsk- Kamchatsky were surveyed: 40 respondents from 57 to 80 years old and 122 child-parent dyads (children from 8,2 to 9.6 years old, parents from 27 to 61 years old). At the first stage, data were obtained from parents using the author's questionnaire allowing them to present their opinion about the real state of the relationship between children and their grandparents and the importance of (non-)participation of grandparents in the upbringing of their grandchildren. At the second stage, the analysis of the interviews in the focus groups of schoolchildren and a gerontological sample concretized attitudes towards a person of senior age and allowed independent experts to identify relevant categories (based on content analysis). At the third stage, options for reflecting the (non-)consent of the older generation with children's judgments were investigated. The results were evaluated on the Likert scale. It is shown that, despite the significant choice of children's attitude as condescending compassion, in the range of consent of the expected attitude, children's variants of continuity of preserving the experience of obligatory and valuable behavior of the grandparents are presented. The data obtained emphasize the problem of recognizing the uniqueness of the experience of each generational group as a source of generational solidarity and the basis of cultural adaptation to age.","PeriodicalId":44568,"journal":{"name":"Kulturno-Istoricheskaya Psikhologiya-Cultural-Historical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80200718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article focuses on the problem of classification of digital play. Key approaches to classifying types of traditional play activity in foreign and in Russian psychology are studied. The authors argue that for the majority of foreign researchers the criteria for indicating a type of play is represented either by the level of its cognitive complexity (J. Piaget, K.H. Rubin, K. Stagnitti, S. Smilansky, N. Takata) or by the character of social interactions, in which the child is involved in the process of play (M.B. Parten, J. Mildred). Classifications of play, suggested by Russian scholars (E.E. Kravtsova, S.L. Novoselova, N.Ya. Mikhailenko and N.A. Korotkova, E.O. Smirnova), are discussed. The authors stress the need of differentiating between the concepts of “digital play” and “digital game”. They also discuss the possibility of applying classifications of video games and those of traditional play for the analysis of digital play. The article also focuses on the classification of digital play elaborated by J. Marsh on the basis of the taxonomy of play types by B. Hughes. Authors argue that for indicating types of digital play it might be more efficient to apply classifications of traditional play under condition of their adaptation.
本文主要研究数字游戏的分类问题。研究了国外和俄罗斯心理学中传统游戏活动类型分类的关键方法。作者认为，对于大多数外国研究人员来说，指示一种游戏类型的标准要么由其认知复杂性的水平(J. Piaget, K.H. Rubin, K. Stagnitti, S. Smilansky, N. Takata)来表示，要么由儿童参与游戏过程的社会互动的特征来表示(M.B. Parten, J. Mildred)。俄罗斯学者(E.E. Kravtsova, S.L. Novoselova, N.Ya)提出的游戏分类。米哈伊连科和N.A. Korotkova, E.O. Smirnova)。作者强调有必要区分“数字游戏”和“数字游戏”的概念。他们还讨论了将电子游戏和传统游戏分类应用于数字游戏分析的可能性。本文还重点介绍了J. Marsh在B. Hughes的游戏类型分类法的基础上所阐述的数字游戏的分类。作者认为，为了表明数字游戏的类型，在适应条件下应用传统游戏的分类可能更有效。
{"title":"Children's Play in the Context of Digital Transformation: Cultural and Historical Perspective (Part 2)","authors":"O. Rubtsova, O.V. Salomatova","doi":"10.17759/chp.2022180402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2022180402","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the problem of classification of digital play. Key approaches to classifying types of traditional play activity in foreign and in Russian psychology are studied. The authors argue that for the majority of foreign researchers the criteria for indicating a type of play is represented either by the level of its cognitive complexity (J. Piaget, K.H. Rubin, K. Stagnitti, S. Smilansky, N. Takata) or by the character of social interactions, in which the child is involved in the process of play (M.B. Parten, J. Mildred). Classifications of play, suggested by Russian scholars (E.E. Kravtsova, S.L. Novoselova, N.Ya. Mikhailenko and N.A. Korotkova, E.O. Smirnova), are discussed. The authors stress the need of differentiating between the concepts of “digital play” and “digital game”. They also discuss the possibility of applying classifications of video games and those of traditional play for the analysis of digital play. The article also focuses on the classification of digital play elaborated by J. Marsh on the basis of the taxonomy of play types by B. Hughes. Authors argue that for indicating types of digital play it might be more efficient to apply classifications of traditional play under condition of their adaptation.","PeriodicalId":44568,"journal":{"name":"Kulturno-Istoricheskaya Psikhologiya-Cultural-Historical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85851584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper methodologically approaches to the problem of the formation of civic identity are presented. The authors refer to the concept of “Phenomenology of Personal Development and Being” (V.S. Mukhina). A person’s inner position as an essential basis for the formation of the civic identity should include the following: 1. The value attitude towards the reality of objective and spiritual world as a result of historically established activities of mankind. 2. The subject-subject attitude to natural reality, requiring citizens to value Russia's unique natural diversity. 3. The reality of image-sign consciousness in general with particular importance of the reality of civic consciousness and civic identity. 4. The reality of social and normative space, first of all, value attitude to civil rights and duties of everyone, to laws of Russia, to results of science and cultural traditions of numerous nations of the country. 5. The reality of individual’s inner space certainly presupposes an active civic position, coupled with the value attitude towards oneself as a citizen, ready to take responsibility for one's own development and being as an integral personality, committed to one’s country as a stronghold of the State.
{"title":"Personality Inner Position as the Basis for Civic Identity Development","authors":"V. Mukhina, S. Melkov","doi":"10.17759/chp.2022180110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2022180110","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper methodologically approaches to the problem of the formation of civic identity are presented. The authors refer to the concept of “Phenomenology of Personal Development and Being” (V.S. Mukhina). A person’s inner position as an essential basis for the formation of the civic identity should include the following: 1. The value attitude towards the reality of objective and spiritual world as a result of historically established activities of mankind. 2. The subject-subject attitude to natural reality, requiring citizens to value Russia's unique natural diversity. 3. The reality of image-sign consciousness in general with particular importance of the reality of civic consciousness and civic identity. 4. The reality of social and normative space, first of all, value attitude to civil rights and duties of everyone, to laws of Russia, to results of science and cultural traditions of numerous nations of the country. 5. The reality of individual’s inner space certainly presupposes an active civic position, coupled with the value attitude towards oneself as a citizen, ready to take responsibility for one's own development and being as an integral personality, committed to one’s country as a stronghold of the State.","PeriodicalId":44568,"journal":{"name":"Kulturno-Istoricheskaya Psikhologiya-Cultural-Historical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78061395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Gritsenko, A. Reznik, V. Konstantinov, I. V. Guzhva, T. Marinova, A. Bekmuhambetova, R. Isralowitz
The article presents the analysis results of stress resistance and basic beliefs as psychological resources for coping with fear of COVID-19 and negative psychological and emotional states on the sample of Russian (N=2310) and Kazakh (N=500) students (71.2% — women, average age 19.7). A higher level of stress resistance and basic belief expression in Benevolence of the World Around and Perceiving the World as Meaningful and Social Justice among Kazakh students in comparison with Russian ones is revealed, which is determined by the peculiarities formed in the conditions of the nomadic lifestyle of the Kazakh culture, based on the principles of mutual support and mutual assistance, trust and openness. It is shown that, regardless of the country and gender, high level of stress resistance and expression of basic beliefs are accompanied by lower indicators of fear of COVID-19 and the absence of negative psychological and emotional states associated with it, which suggests the universality of these psychological resources as a buffer that mitigates the traumatic effect of the pandemic situation.
{"title":"Psychological Resources for Coping with Fear of COVID-19 and Negative Psychological Emotional States among Students of Russia and Kazakhstan","authors":"V. Gritsenko, A. Reznik, V. Konstantinov, I. V. Guzhva, T. Marinova, A. Bekmuhambetova, R. Isralowitz","doi":"10.17759/chp.2022180405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2022180405","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the analysis results of stress resistance and basic beliefs as psychological resources for coping with fear of COVID-19 and negative psychological and emotional states on the sample of Russian (N=2310) and Kazakh (N=500) students (71.2% — women, average age 19.7). A higher level of stress resistance and basic belief expression in Benevolence of the World Around and Perceiving the World as Meaningful and Social Justice among Kazakh students in comparison with Russian ones is revealed, which is determined by the peculiarities formed in the conditions of the nomadic lifestyle of the Kazakh culture, based on the principles of mutual support and mutual assistance, trust and openness. It is shown that, regardless of the country and gender, high level of stress resistance and expression of basic beliefs are accompanied by lower indicators of fear of COVID-19 and the absence of negative psychological and emotional states associated with it, which suggests the universality of these psychological resources as a buffer that mitigates the traumatic effect of the pandemic situation.","PeriodicalId":44568,"journal":{"name":"Kulturno-Istoricheskaya Psikhologiya-Cultural-Historical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74688976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article represents the author’s view of his way in psychology including science research, university lecturing, organizational and other professional lines of its development. It is demonstrated through some fragments of the author’s biography closely connected with the initial period of the Department of Psychology of the Moscow State Lomonosov University (MSU) that was established in the middle of sixties of the last century and also — with some facts of the author’s following activity in the fields of psychological science and practice. The role of the school of thought is underlined since the author was lucky to meet such outstanding psychologists as P.Ya. Galperin, A.V. Zaporozhets, B.W. Zeygarnic, A.N. Leontiev, D.B. Elconin etc. as his teachers. However the special role of P.Ya. Galperin as a Teacher in science and life for the author is underlined. The article consists of two parts. The first part published here uncovers some episodes of the author’s biography where some of his family roots are described. Several outstanding church figures, theologists, preachers and teachers among them, are meant, some of them appeared to be connected with the MSU. There is also the story of the mother’s fate who was repressed at Stalin’s period. Certain attention is paid to the the author’s life as a university student. Beside some episodes of “psychological life” that may be interesting within the context of time and place there are some fragments that demonstrate the author’s active position at the choice of his scientific path. The post-graduate stage where the author was forming his own “school of thought” is also described. Then there are periods of the further research and teaching activity as a professional psychologist working at the level of post-graduate and continuing education at the leading Moscow universities, including MSU. The Moscow Architectural Institute is also one of them. It is as the institution where the author’s doctoral theses on the problems of project simulation and creativity in the architectural education were prepared and defended. Another working period connected with organisational activity at the high levels of managing of the educational system of the USSR and the at the Russian Academy of Education are also briefly described. The article is made in the form of interview with the author conducted within the frames of the project “Psychologyst-and-I”. Live stories” of the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education (MSUPE). The author and leader of the project: V.T. Kudriavtsev. The meeting took place on the 4-th of February 2021.
{"title":"How is the Actor Made. The Anniversary Interview with N.N. Nechaev. Part 1, Psychology and Life","authors":"N. N. Nechaev","doi":"10.17759/chp.2022180216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2022180216","url":null,"abstract":"The article represents the author’s view of his way in psychology including science research, university lecturing, organizational and other professional lines of its development. It is demonstrated through some fragments of the author’s biography closely connected with the initial period of the Department of Psychology of the Moscow State Lomonosov University (MSU) that was established in the middle of sixties of the last century and also — with some facts of the author’s following activity in the fields of psychological science and practice. The role of the school of thought is underlined since the author was lucky to meet such outstanding psychologists as P.Ya. Galperin, A.V. Zaporozhets, B.W. Zeygarnic, A.N. Leontiev, D.B. Elconin etc. as his teachers. However the special role of P.Ya. Galperin as a Teacher in science and life for the author is underlined. The article consists of two parts. The first part published here uncovers some episodes of the author’s biography where some of his family roots are described. Several outstanding church figures, theologists, preachers and teachers among them, are meant, some of them appeared to be connected with the MSU. There is also the story of the mother’s fate who was repressed at Stalin’s period. Certain attention is paid to the the author’s life as a university student. Beside some episodes of “psychological life” that may be interesting within the context of time and place there are some fragments that demonstrate the author’s active position at the choice of his scientific path. The post-graduate stage where the author was forming his own “school of thought” is also described. Then there are periods of the further research and teaching activity as a professional psychologist working at the level of post-graduate and continuing education at the leading Moscow universities, including MSU. The Moscow Architectural Institute is also one of them. It is as the institution where the author’s doctoral theses on the problems of project simulation and creativity in the architectural education were prepared and defended. Another working period connected with organisational activity at the high levels of managing of the educational system of the USSR and the at the Russian Academy of Education are also briefly described. The article is made in the form of interview with the author conducted within the frames of the project “Psychologyst-and-I”. Live stories” of the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education (MSUPE). The author and leader of the project: V.T. Kudriavtsev. The meeting took place on the 4-th of February 2021.","PeriodicalId":44568,"journal":{"name":"Kulturno-Istoricheskaya Psikhologiya-Cultural-Historical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77085122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Amplification: The Source and Tool of Development","authors":"V. Kudryavtsev","doi":"10.17759/chp.2022180100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2022180100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44568,"journal":{"name":"Kulturno-Istoricheskaya Psikhologiya-Cultural-Historical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79610092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. Bukinich, A. Korneev, E.Yu. Matveyeva, T. Akhutina, A. Gusev, A. Kremlev
Objective. A system of integral indices was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the neuropsychological data. These indices comprised the executive functions, the information processing, the functions of activation that regulate tone, waking, and mental states. We aimed to check whether the assignment of the neuropsychological measures to different integral indices was valid with structural equation modeling. Method. A total of 471 children aged 6-9 years (older preschoolers and elementary schoolchildren without developmental disorders) participated in the study. All children underwent the neuropsychological examination including both traditional and computerized tests. Results. Two factorial models were constructed, wherein the measures of performance in both traditional and computerized tests were the observed variables, and the cognitive functions were the latent factors. Confirmatory factor analysis has shown that the models fit the empirical data well. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that the developed integral indices of various groups of cognitive functions are valid and that the results of traditional and computerized neuropsychological examinations are compatible.
{"title":"Structural Analysis of the Neuropsychological Data for 6—9-year-old Children","authors":"A. M. Bukinich, A. Korneev, E.Yu. Matveyeva, T. Akhutina, A. Gusev, A. Kremlev","doi":"10.17759/chp.2022180203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2022180203","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. A system of integral indices was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the neuropsychological data. These indices comprised the executive functions, the information processing, the functions of activation that regulate tone, waking, and mental states. We aimed to check whether the assignment of the neuropsychological measures to different integral indices was valid with structural equation modeling. Method. A total of 471 children aged 6-9 years (older preschoolers and elementary schoolchildren without developmental disorders) participated in the study. All children underwent the neuropsychological examination including both traditional and computerized tests. Results. Two factorial models were constructed, wherein the measures of performance in both traditional and computerized tests were the observed variables, and the cognitive functions were the latent factors. Confirmatory factor analysis has shown that the models fit the empirical data well. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that the developed integral indices of various groups of cognitive functions are valid and that the results of traditional and computerized neuropsychological examinations are compatible.","PeriodicalId":44568,"journal":{"name":"Kulturno-Istoricheskaya Psikhologiya-Cultural-Historical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77578816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents a study of the mental model deficit in preschoolers with mental retardation. The aim of this study using eye tracking is to identify markers that can predict the difficulties of social cognition associated with a deficit in the mental model in children with mental retardation. A comparative study of 64 typically developing preschoolers and preschoolers with mental retardation was carried out. To study the formation of a mental model, the paradigm of understanding false beliefs and experimental situations were used, which actualize in children the idea of the possible success of using and recognizing deception. Additionally, in the experimental situation, the method of registration of eye movement was applied to identify the level of the mental model. It is shown that with a deficiency of the mental model (from the point of view of understanding and applying false beliefs), there is a concreteness of perception, difficulties in using sign-symbolic means of social interaction, inability to suppress impulsive action and act from the position of a social partner. Children with mental retardation often turn not to sign-symbolic means, but to specific external signs of the situation: behavioral manifestations, actions, experience difficulties in distancing themselves from their own beliefs in order to rely in behavior on ideas about the knowledge of an adult. According to the results of an eye tracking study on heat maps of preschoolers with mental retardation, there is a deficiency of a gaze direction detector, which is necessary for understanding the intentions and predicting the actions of an adult. Eye movement analysis confirms that children with mental retardation often do not track the behavior of an adult and his reactions in situations of recognition and application of false actions.
{"title":"Manifestations of Social Cognition Deficit in Children with Mental Retardation","authors":"Y. Smirnova, A. Makashova","doi":"10.17759/chp.2022180205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2022180205","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a study of the mental model deficit in preschoolers with mental retardation. The aim of this study using eye tracking is to identify markers that can predict the difficulties of social cognition associated with a deficit in the mental model in children with mental retardation. A comparative study of 64 typically developing preschoolers and preschoolers with mental retardation was carried out. To study the formation of a mental model, the paradigm of understanding false beliefs and experimental situations were used, which actualize in children the idea of the possible success of using and recognizing deception. Additionally, in the experimental situation, the method of registration of eye movement was applied to identify the level of the mental model. It is shown that with a deficiency of the mental model (from the point of view of understanding and applying false beliefs), there is a concreteness of perception, difficulties in using sign-symbolic means of social interaction, inability to suppress impulsive action and act from the position of a social partner. Children with mental retardation often turn not to sign-symbolic means, but to specific external signs of the situation: behavioral manifestations, actions, experience difficulties in distancing themselves from their own beliefs in order to rely in behavior on ideas about the knowledge of an adult. According to the results of an eye tracking study on heat maps of preschoolers with mental retardation, there is a deficiency of a gaze direction detector, which is necessary for understanding the intentions and predicting the actions of an adult. Eye movement analysis confirms that children with mental retardation often do not track the behavior of an adult and his reactions in situations of recognition and application of false actions.","PeriodicalId":44568,"journal":{"name":"Kulturno-Istoricheskaya Psikhologiya-Cultural-Historical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81426917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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