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Mapping Abundance for a Planetary Future: Kanaka Maoli and Critical Settler Cartographies in Hawai’i 为地球的未来绘制丰富的地图:夏威夷的Kanaka Maoli和关键的定居者制图
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03085694.2022.2044187
Gary L. Fitzpatrick
Mapping America: The Incredible Story opens with a prologue followed by ten chapters, an epilogue, further reading and a notes’ section. There is no index. The chapters are organized in a mix of chronological order spliced with topical interludes, starting with ‘The Dawn of the Renaissance’ and continuing with ‘The Discovery [sic] of the Americas’, ‘The First European Settlements’, ‘The Golden Age of Cartography’, ‘The Eighteenth-Century Colonization of America’, ‘Daily Life in the English Colonies’, ‘Mapping the Prelude to War’, ‘The Outbreak of Rebellion’, ‘The Battle for Independence’, and ‘The Road to Victory’. The authors have an ambitious goal claiming that ‘this book will tell the full story of America, from the Age of Discovery through the Revolutionary War... through the art of mapmaking’. There is a disconnect, though, between the stated aim and what is delivered, especially visually. One would reasonably expect a story about stunning maps to have many detailed close-ups of maps, or at least enough information to find out more about them. Yet few of the maps state where they are located or who supplied the images. Most such information is missing, including size and the version presented. While each of the 147 images (just over half are maps) is labelled as ‘Fig. 1, Fig. 2’ etc., none is directly referred to within the text, and the reader is left to hunt them down. Usually the figures are on the same page or within a page of where they are discussed, but sometimes a map is brought up in the narrative without a corresponding image. At other times the caption of an image tells a mini story about its relevance but will not otherwise be mentioned in the body of the text. For a book with the word ‘maps’ in the title, they are treated as if an afterthought. Certain aspects of the writing are disappointingly and cringingly dated, such as the use of the word ‘discovery’ without irony more than a dozen times, including as chapter and section headings. When telling a history of the process of the United States becoming a nation, the story is relayed with an openly biased perspective. The text refers to ‘we’ when addressing the presumed reader, who is clearly white, male, Christian and of European ancestry. For example, ‘North America before the arrival of Europeans was not the untamed land that we often believe it to be’. It would be a challenge to find an educated, indigenous or aware person who believes this today. There are gaps in the survey of historical mapping of the era purported to be covered thoroughly. For example, not a single Des Barres map is mentioned, which anyone studying this time period would expect to see. And there are false claims. For example, a map said to be never-before-published (Henri Soules [sic], Plan of the Battle of Yorktown, 1787) is easily found digitized and online. Examples of inconsistent captions, missing information and lack of credit abound. The Incredible Story is an attempt at a history of the early Unit
《映射美国:不可思议的故事》以序言开头,接着是十章、一篇结语、进一步阅读和一个注释部分。没有索引。各章以时间顺序与主题穿插相结合的方式组织,从“文艺复兴的黎明”开始,一直到“美洲的发现”、“第一批欧洲人的定居点”、“制图的黄金时代”、“18世纪美国的殖民”、“英国殖民地的日常生活”,《战争前奏图》、《叛乱爆发》、《独立之战》和《胜利之路》。作者们有一个雄心勃勃的目标,声称“这本书将讲述美国从发现时代到独立战争的全部故事……”。。。通过地图绘制艺术。然而,在既定目标和交付内容之间存在脱节,尤其是在视觉上。人们可以合理地期待一个关于令人惊叹的地图的故事会有许多详细的地图特写,或者至少有足够的信息来了解更多关于它们的信息。然而,很少有地图说明它们的位置或谁提供了图像。大多数此类信息都缺失了,包括尺寸和提供的版本。而147幅图像中的每一幅(略多于一半是地图)都被标记为“图。1,图2'等,文本中没有直接提及,读者可以自行查找。通常,这些数字在同一页上,或者在讨论它们的地方的一页内,但有时在叙事中会出现一张没有相应图像的地图。在其他时候,图片的标题告诉了一个关于其相关性的小故事,但不会在正文中提及。对于一本标题中有“地图”一词的书,它们被视为事后才想到的。写作的某些方面令人失望和尴尬地过时了,比如十几次使用“发现”一词而不带讽刺意味,包括作为章节标题。在讲述美国成为一个国家的过程时,故事是以公开的偏见视角讲述的。文本在称呼假定的读者时提到了“我们”,这位读者显然是白人、男性、基督徒和欧洲血统。例如,“欧洲人到来之前的北美并不是我们通常认为的未开垦之地”。今天,要找到一个受过教育、土著或有意识的人相信这一点,将是一个挑战。据称,在对那个时代的历史地图进行调查时,存在一些空白。例如,没有提到任何一张Des-Barres地图,任何研究这一时期的人都希望看到这张地图。还有一些虚假的说法。例如,一张据说从未出版过的地图(Henri Soules[原文如此],《约克镇战役计划》,1787年)很容易被数字化和在线找到。标题不一致、信息缺失和缺乏信用的例子比比皆是。《不可思议的故事》是对美国早期历史的一次尝试,而不是地图绘制史。可以说,这本书既不是对地图学史的贡献,也不是一本彻底的调查。地图爱好者、研究人员和教师可以放心地跳过它,转而选择关于同一主题的更全面、研究更深入的书籍。
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引用次数: 8
Spatial Imaginings in the Age of Colonial Cartographic Reason: Maps, Landscapes, Travelogues in Britain and India 殖民制图理性时代的空间想象:英国和印度的地图、风景、游记
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03085694.2022.2044203
Philip Jagessar
License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For citation use the DOI. For commercial re-use, please contact editor@rupkatha.com. Review article Spatial Imaginings in the Age of Colonial Cartographic Reason: Maps, Landscapes, Travelogues in Britain and India by Nilanjana Mukherjee
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引用次数: 2
The Mantle of the Earth: Genealogies of a Geographical Metaphor 地球的外衣:一个地理隐喻的谱系
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03085694.2022.2044180
S. Ferdinand
As historians of science and of knowledge, the words we use are inextricably connected to the worlds we research, and vice versa. Veronica Della Dora ’ s The Mantle of the Earth provides a revealing and detailed study of the ‘ textile ’ metaphors that have been used by geographers, geologists, mapmakers and other thinkers and crafters throughout many centuries. The book is structured chronologically and falls into four different sec-tions, each with a specific thematic accent. Each part of the book subsequently contains two or three chapters each. The third part, entitled ‘ The surfaces of modernity ’ , provides an excellent read on the history of geography and cartography. In the first chapter of this part, the emergence of geography as an academic discipline is discussed, paying specific attention to the changing role of the geographer: the geographer slowly became ‘ an objective describer of the surface of the earth and its regions ’ (p. 163). This shift happened roughly during the early years of the twentieth century. The ‘ birth ’ of the academic discipline we know today is discussed before, but by positioning this development in a longer tradition and by focusing on the ways geographers describe their activities, Della Dora offers a very innovative perspective on the existing historiographical narratives. She brings together knowledges, practices and verbal and visual representations of how people from the past have approached the world around them. For instance, in describing the changing nature of geography in the early twentieth century, she says, The old mantle of the earth thus becomes a tablecloth under the scrutiny of the geographer ’ s omniscient gaze. Humboldt ’ s contemplation of landscape as a theatre made of visibilities and invisibilities, the Romantic pantheistic interfusion with its ele-ments, the mystical curtains of haze and light have now all been replaced by the sys-tematic study of the morphology of the tablecloth, of its ripples, folds, and tattered edges, of the features lying
作为科学和知识的历史学家,我们使用的词汇与我们研究的世界有着千丝万缕的联系,反之亦然。维罗妮卡·德拉·多拉的《地球的地幔》揭示了许多世纪以来地理学家、地质学家、地图绘制者和其他思想家和工匠所使用的“纺织品”隐喻,并对其进行了详细的研究。这本书是按时间顺序排列的,分为四个不同的部分,每个部分都有一个特定的主题口音。本书的每一部分随后分别包含两到三章。第三部分,题为“现代性的表面”,提供了一个很好的阅读地理学和地图学的历史。在这一部分的第一章中,讨论了地理学作为一门学科的出现,特别关注地理学家角色的变化:地理学家慢慢地成为“地球表面及其区域的客观描述者”(第163页)。这种转变大致发生在20世纪初。我们今天所知的学术学科的“诞生”之前已经讨论过了,但通过将这一发展定位在更长的传统中,并专注于地理学家描述他们活动的方式,德拉·多拉为现有的史学叙述提供了一个非常创新的视角。她汇集了过去人们如何接近周围世界的知识、实践以及口头和视觉表现。例如,在描述20世纪初地理学性质的变化时,她说:“在地理学家无所不知的目光的审视下,古老的地幔变成了桌布。”洪堡把风景看成是一个由可见和不可见组成的剧场,浪漫的泛神论与它的元素的融合,雾和光的神秘窗帘,现在都被对桌布形态的系统研究所取代,它的波纹,褶皱,破碎的边缘,以及它的特征
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引用次数: 2
Next International Conference on the History of Cartography 下一届制图史国际会议
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03085694.2022.2042119
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引用次数: 0
A Student’s Guide to Map Making: J. Parlier’s 1905 and 1907 Cartographic Manuals 学生地图制作指南:J. parliament的1905年和1907年制图手册
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03085694.2022.2042129
Kory E. Olson
ABSTRACT In 1905, Jacques Parlier, a former artillery captain in the French army, published the first of two Méthode(s) de cartographie, cartes à main levée et de mémoire tracés rapides to teach French students how to draw maps. Parlier had become convinced of the centrality of geographical knowledge to French national security and interests. His manuals brought geographical and cartographical literacy to a generation of students in France. This paper examines those manuals, specifically in terms of how they were designed to present the cartographic craft to school-aged children, a new market for this discipline. Parlier’s strategy involved simplifying continents and countries to appear as geometrical forms and going on to focus on their physical attributes, such as rivers, mountains and coasts, thus encouraging teachers to lecture less and students to draw more.
1905年,法国陆军前炮兵上尉雅克·西利耶出版了两本《制图学指南》中的第一本,用于教法国学生如何绘制地图。议会已经确信地理知识对法国的国家安全和利益至关重要。他的手册给法国的一代学生带来了地理和制图知识。本文考察了这些手册,特别是它们是如何被设计成向学龄儿童展示制图工艺的,学龄儿童是这一学科的新市场。议会的策略包括将大陆和国家简化为几何形式,并继续关注其物理属性,如河流,山脉和海岸,从而鼓励教师少讲,学生多画。
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引用次数: 0
Completing the Map of the World: Cartographic Interaction between China and Europe (Quantu: Zhongguo yu Ouzhou zhijian de ditu xue hudong) 《完成世界地图:中国与欧洲制图学的互动》(数量图:中国地图欧州之鉴地图学湖东)
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03085694.2022.2044201
R. A. Pegg
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引用次数: 0
Vistes panoràmiques, cartes militars i plànols urbanístics a Barcelona del segle XVI al XIX 16至19世纪巴塞罗那的全景、军事名片和城市规划
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03085694.2022.2044195
À. Nobajas
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引用次数: 0
Mapping America: The Incredible Story and Stunning Hand-Colored Maps and Engravings that Created the United States 绘制美国地图:创造美国的不可思议的故事和令人惊叹的手绘地图和雕刻
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03085694.2022.2044183
Kristy Butler
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引用次数: 0
Where Caciques and Mapmakers Met: Border Making in Eighteenth-Century South America 仙人掌和地图制作者相遇的地方:18世纪南美洲的边界制作
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03085694.2022.2044188
H. Langfur
modern Hawaii, everyday spoken conversation is conducted using a blended approach in which an expanding range of Hawaiian words is easily included. This is particularly true in scholarly works, where inappropriate Western terms have been displaced by Hawaiian words. Thus Mapping Abundance incorporates a considerable vocabulary that will be unfamiliar to readers who do not live there. And that is for the better. As I argued in Surveying the Mahele (Honolulu, Editions Limited, 1994), it is erroneous to talk about Hawaiian land practices using terms from Western culture. The same is true of other aspects of culture. Western terminology alone is not sufficient to discuss Hawaiian traditions and practices. The terms malama and kuleana, for instance, represent complex concepts of responsibility for care of the land. Geographically, this reintroduction of Hawaiian terminology is particularly relevant. For instance, fifty years ago, the commonly understood definition of the term ahupuaʻa, a basic land unit, was a pie-shaped unit that ran from mountain top to the sea. Today, people are far more cognizant that ahupuaʻa and related terms such as ʻili and kuleana refer to a much more subtle concept of land tenure. With a larger number of people now being fluent in Hawaiian, nuances are being teased out of the language and applied to discussions of Hawai’i’s past and future. Fujikane, of the University of Hawaii, offers insight into how traditional, indigenous descriptions of landscapes found in chants are fuelling efforts by Hawaiian activists to increase productivity (in a broad sense) by displacing Western practices with ones derived from native knowledge. Fujikane shows that Hawaiian mythological chants contain specific and reliable geographical descriptions and thus constitute legitimate forms of ‘cartographies’ or ‘geographies’ as she labels them. In several cases she illustrates how such native geographical knowledge can be displayed with Western cartographical techniques, thus making it useful for restoring past practices, protesting controversial actions and addressing legal challenges in court. Within the context of academic studies of the history of cartography, Hawaii is something of an outlier. It was not until the 1830s that any Western-based mapping was done by Hawaiians themselves, and earlier mapping by non-Hawaiians was not undertaken for the benefit of the people of Hawaii (Fitzpatrick, Early Mapping of Hawaii, 1986). When the communal system of land ownership was replaced with a Western-styled system of private landownership in the 1840s and 1850s, much knowledge of the land-use practices of traditional Hawaii was lost. From 1870 to 1898, the Hawaiian Government Survey conducted a sophisticated mapping operation that documented a considerable amount of the localized knowledge that had survived until that time. Mapping Abundance is a testament to the excellent work academics and activists are doing in tapping traditional literature to enhan
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引用次数: 0
Wolfgang Lazius (1514–1565): Geschichtsschreibung, Kartographie und Altertumswissenschaft im Wien des 16. Jahrhunderts Wolfgang Lazius(1514–1565):16世纪维也纳的历史、制图和古代研究。19世纪
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/03085694.2022.2044190
Jost Schmid-Lanter
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Imago Mundi-The International Journal for the History of Cartography
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