Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3819/ccbr.2020.150001
A. McGregor
The many cue types that animals are able to use for both longand short-scale navigation have been studied extensively, and a well-researched literature has developed into the strategies that have evolved to exploit information provided by these different cues. Less well understood are questions of how animals select different cues to learn about, and the conditions for learning based on these cues. These queries have tended to concern psychologists interested in the extent to which the principles of associative learning apply to spatial learning. The question is of interest because the predictions of associative learning theories are often at odds with spatial learning theories, which instead tend to emphasize the special types of representation and learning process necessary for navigation. Here I examine spatial learning from an associative perspective, starting with the question of what kinds of associations are formed in associative learning and how these may fit within our knowledge of spatial learning. I then examine the conditions of learning, including the effects of prior experience on spatial learning in terms of both latent inhibition and perceptual learning, changes to the attention paid to spatial stimuli as a result of their predictive history, and the extent to which redundancy — when multiple cues predict same outcome — affects learning. The effects are illustrated mostly with examples from the associative learning literature, which is often with rodents or pigeons. But where possible, I have demonstrated similar effects in more diverse species and have tried to indicate the general learning effects that associative learning theories predict.
{"title":"What can we learn about navigation from associative learning?","authors":"A. McGregor","doi":"10.3819/ccbr.2020.150001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3819/ccbr.2020.150001","url":null,"abstract":"The many cue types that animals are able to use for both longand short-scale navigation have been studied extensively, and a well-researched literature has developed into the strategies that have evolved to exploit information provided by these different cues. Less well understood are questions of how animals select different cues to learn about, and the conditions for learning based on these cues. These queries have tended to concern psychologists interested in the extent to which the principles of associative learning apply to spatial learning. The question is of interest because the predictions of associative learning theories are often at odds with spatial learning theories, which instead tend to emphasize the special types of representation and learning process necessary for navigation. Here I examine spatial learning from an associative perspective, starting with the question of what kinds of associations are formed in associative learning and how these may fit within our knowledge of spatial learning. I then examine the conditions of learning, including the effects of prior experience on spatial learning in terms of both latent inhibition and perceptual learning, changes to the attention paid to spatial stimuli as a result of their predictive history, and the extent to which redundancy — when multiple cues predict same outcome — affects learning. The effects are illustrated mostly with examples from the associative learning literature, which is often with rodents or pigeons. But where possible, I have demonstrated similar effects in more diverse species and have tried to indicate the general learning effects that associative learning theories predict.","PeriodicalId":44593,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70235207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3819/ccbr.2020.150001e
A. McGregor
{"title":"What Suboptimal Choice Tells Us About the Control of Behavior","authors":"A. McGregor","doi":"10.3819/ccbr.2020.150001e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3819/ccbr.2020.150001e","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44593,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70235220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3819/ccbr.2020.150002
A. Barber, D. Mills, F. Montealegre-Z, Victoria F. Ratcliffe, K. Guo, A. Wilkinson
Dogs and humans often work together, and dogs have been selectively bred for traits enabling efficient co-operation with humans, such as tameness (Miklósi, 2008), sensitivity to human cues (Bräuer, Kaminski, Riedel, Call, & Tomasello, 2006; Cooper et al., 2003; Virányi, Topál, Gácsi, Miklósi, & Csányi, 2004), and specialized skills employed by specific types of working dog (Lord, Schneider, & Coppinger, 2016; McKinley & Sambrook, 2000; Miklósi, 2008). As a result, dogs are integral to society and have both important value (e.g., companion, A. L. A. Barber School of Life Sciences and School of Psychology University of Lincoln D. S. Mills and F. Montealegre-Z School of Life Sciences University of Lincoln
狗和人类经常一起工作，狗被选择性地培育出能够与人类有效合作的特征，例如温顺(Miklósi, 2008)，对人类暗示的敏感性(Bräuer, Kaminski, Riedel, Call， & Tomasello, 2006;Cooper et al.， 2003;Virányi, Topál, Gácsi, Miklósi， & Csányi, 2004)，以及特定类型工作犬所使用的专业技能(Lord, Schneider， & Coppinger, 2016;McKinley & Sambrook, 2000;Miklosi, 2008)。因此，狗是社会不可或缺的一部分，具有重要的价值(例如，伴侣，林肯大学a . L. a . Barber生命科学学院和心理学院，林肯大学D. S. Mills和F. montealegrei - z生命科学学院)
{"title":"Functional performance of the visual system in dogs and humans: A comparative perspective","authors":"A. Barber, D. Mills, F. Montealegre-Z, Victoria F. Ratcliffe, K. Guo, A. Wilkinson","doi":"10.3819/ccbr.2020.150002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3819/ccbr.2020.150002","url":null,"abstract":"Dogs and humans often work together, and dogs have been selectively bred for traits enabling efficient co-operation with humans, such as tameness (Miklósi, 2008), sensitivity to human cues (Bräuer, Kaminski, Riedel, Call, & Tomasello, 2006; Cooper et al., 2003; Virányi, Topál, Gácsi, Miklósi, & Csányi, 2004), and specialized skills employed by specific types of working dog (Lord, Schneider, & Coppinger, 2016; McKinley & Sambrook, 2000; Miklósi, 2008). As a result, dogs are integral to society and have both important value (e.g., companion, A. L. A. Barber School of Life Sciences and School of Psychology University of Lincoln D. S. Mills and F. Montealegre-Z School of Life Sciences University of Lincoln","PeriodicalId":44593,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70235279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3819/ccbr.2020.150005
V. Abankwah, D. Deeming, T. W. Pike
Birds can smell. Despite early assumptions that birds had little or no sense of smell (Audubon, 1826; Hill, 1905; Stager, 1964), there is now abundant evidence that they are endowed with all the anatomical and neurobiological components necessary for a functional olfactory sense (Balthazart & Taziaux, 2009; Caro, Balthazart, & Bonadonna, 2015), and morphologically the olfactory systems of birds closely resembles those of amphibians, reptiles, and mammals (Kare & Mason, 1986; Wenzel, 1987). Most birds have paired external nares through which they breathe air, internal nasal cavities that contain olfactory epithelium, functional olfactory receptors, and a neuronal connection to the olfactory bulb in the forebrain (Jones & Roper, 1997). Moreover, they have been shown to use odor cues for tasks as diverse as foraging (e.g., Healy & Guilford, 1990; Nevitt, Loosekoot, & Weimerskirch, 2008; Potier, Duriez, Celerier, Liegeois, & Bonadonna, 2019), recognizing eggs (Leclaire, Bourret, & Bonadonna, 2017), selecting nest material (e.g., Gwinner, 2013), and avoiding predation (e.g., Amo, Galvan, Tomás, & Sanz, 2008), as well as in social contexts such as species (e.g., Krause et al., 2014), kin (e.g., Bonadonna & Sanz-Aguilar, 2012; Coffin, Watters, & Mateo, 2011; Krause et al., 2012), and mate recognition (e.g., Bonadonna & Nevitt, 2004). However, we argue that even today there is a tendency for researchers to underappreciate the possible role olfaction plays in birds’ everyday lives. Compelling evidence shows that vision and, to a lesser extent, hearing are the primary avian senses (Martin, 2017). By contrast, few bird species smell noticeably to humans (although there are notable exceptions, such as Crested auklets [Aethia cristatella]; Hagelin, Jones, & Rasmussen, 2003), and they do not typically engage in any overt olfactory behavior, such as sniffing. However, this should not be taken to mean that olfaction is of limited importance to them. To put birds’ sense of smell in perspective, it is useful to provide a comparison with humans. In humans, as in birds, olfaction is commonly considered to be the least acute sense; despite this, it has been estimated that humans with intact olfactory systems can detect (Amoore, 1977) and discriminate (Bushdid, Magnasco, Vosshall, & Keller, 2014) virtually
{"title":"Avian olfaction: a review of the recent literature","authors":"V. Abankwah, D. Deeming, T. W. Pike","doi":"10.3819/ccbr.2020.150005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3819/ccbr.2020.150005","url":null,"abstract":"Birds can smell. Despite early assumptions that birds had little or no sense of smell (Audubon, 1826; Hill, 1905; Stager, 1964), there is now abundant evidence that they are endowed with all the anatomical and neurobiological components necessary for a functional olfactory sense (Balthazart & Taziaux, 2009; Caro, Balthazart, & Bonadonna, 2015), and morphologically the olfactory systems of birds closely resembles those of amphibians, reptiles, and mammals (Kare & Mason, 1986; Wenzel, 1987). Most birds have paired external nares through which they breathe air, internal nasal cavities that contain olfactory epithelium, functional olfactory receptors, and a neuronal connection to the olfactory bulb in the forebrain (Jones & Roper, 1997). Moreover, they have been shown to use odor cues for tasks as diverse as foraging (e.g., Healy & Guilford, 1990; Nevitt, Loosekoot, & Weimerskirch, 2008; Potier, Duriez, Celerier, Liegeois, & Bonadonna, 2019), recognizing eggs (Leclaire, Bourret, & Bonadonna, 2017), selecting nest material (e.g., Gwinner, 2013), and avoiding predation (e.g., Amo, Galvan, Tomás, & Sanz, 2008), as well as in social contexts such as species (e.g., Krause et al., 2014), kin (e.g., Bonadonna & Sanz-Aguilar, 2012; Coffin, Watters, & Mateo, 2011; Krause et al., 2012), and mate recognition (e.g., Bonadonna & Nevitt, 2004). However, we argue that even today there is a tendency for researchers to underappreciate the possible role olfaction plays in birds’ everyday lives. Compelling evidence shows that vision and, to a lesser extent, hearing are the primary avian senses (Martin, 2017). By contrast, few bird species smell noticeably to humans (although there are notable exceptions, such as Crested auklets [Aethia cristatella]; Hagelin, Jones, & Rasmussen, 2003), and they do not typically engage in any overt olfactory behavior, such as sniffing. However, this should not be taken to mean that olfaction is of limited importance to them. To put birds’ sense of smell in perspective, it is useful to provide a comparison with humans. In humans, as in birds, olfaction is commonly considered to be the least acute sense; despite this, it has been estimated that humans with intact olfactory systems can detect (Amoore, 1977) and discriminate (Bushdid, Magnasco, Vosshall, & Keller, 2014) virtually","PeriodicalId":44593,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70235848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3819/ccbr.2020.150003
Alessandra Pecunioso, Maria Santacà, M. E. M. Petrazzini, C. Agrillo
The study of visual illusions represents a useful tool in different research fields. Visual illusions are commonly used to establish the perceptual mechanisms underlying our perception of static and dynamic events (for a review, see Eagleman, 2001; Gregory, 1997). Visual illusions have become a valid tool in clinical psychology as a noninvasive screening for detecting schizophrenic and other psychopathological traits (e.g., Gori, Molteni, & Facoetti, 2016; Notredame, Pins, Deneve, & Jardri, 2014; Pessoa, Monge-Fuentes, Simon, Suganuma, & Tavares, 2008). Last, they represent a powerful set of stimuli to compare the vision of human and non human animals. With respect to this issue, the past two decades have been characterized by a growing number of studies finding that apes, old-world monkeys, and new-world monkeys are susceptible to many visual illusions. Nonhuman primates perceive size illusions (e.g., chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes: Parrish & Beran, 2014; capuchin monkeys, Sapajus apella: Parrish, Brosnan, & Beran, 2015; Suganuma, Pessoa, Monge-Fuentes, Castro, & Tavares, 2007), depth illusions (baboons, Papio papio: Barbet & Fagot, 2002), orientation illusions (rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta: Agrillo, Parrish, & Beran, 2014b), numerosity illusions (rhesus monkeys: Beran, 2006), and motion illusions (rhesus monkeys: Agrillo, Gori, & Beran, 2015).
{"title":"Is the susceptibility to visual illusions related to the relative brain size? Insights from small-brained species","authors":"Alessandra Pecunioso, Maria Santacà, M. E. M. Petrazzini, C. Agrillo","doi":"10.3819/ccbr.2020.150003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3819/ccbr.2020.150003","url":null,"abstract":"The study of visual illusions represents a useful tool in different research fields. Visual illusions are commonly used to establish the perceptual mechanisms underlying our perception of static and dynamic events (for a review, see Eagleman, 2001; Gregory, 1997). Visual illusions have become a valid tool in clinical psychology as a noninvasive screening for detecting schizophrenic and other psychopathological traits (e.g., Gori, Molteni, & Facoetti, 2016; Notredame, Pins, Deneve, & Jardri, 2014; Pessoa, Monge-Fuentes, Simon, Suganuma, & Tavares, 2008). Last, they represent a powerful set of stimuli to compare the vision of human and non human animals. With respect to this issue, the past two decades have been characterized by a growing number of studies finding that apes, old-world monkeys, and new-world monkeys are susceptible to many visual illusions. Nonhuman primates perceive size illusions (e.g., chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes: Parrish & Beran, 2014; capuchin monkeys, Sapajus apella: Parrish, Brosnan, & Beran, 2015; Suganuma, Pessoa, Monge-Fuentes, Castro, & Tavares, 2007), depth illusions (baboons, Papio papio: Barbet & Fagot, 2002), orientation illusions (rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta: Agrillo, Parrish, & Beran, 2014b), numerosity illusions (rhesus monkeys: Beran, 2006), and motion illusions (rhesus monkeys: Agrillo, Gori, & Beran, 2015).","PeriodicalId":44593,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70235346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3819/ccbr.2020.150008
V. Kuhlmeier, Tara A. Karasewich, M. Olmstead
The number of online courses offered by institutions of higher education has been increasing sizably in the 21st century. As we write this article in 2020, though, the prevalence of online courses is taking an unexpected upturn as the global COVID-19 pandemic has led to a sudden transition of many in-person courses to remote, online delivery. The specific goal of this article is to share, in a timely manner, our experiences and insights from teaching an online course on animal learning and cognition for the last 7 years. A broader goal is to provide a resource that not only benefits instructors in the present circumstances but also supports course development, review, and redesign-for both on-campus and online curricula-into the future. To these ends, we discuss course organization, learning outcomes, activities, assessments, and considerations such as accessibility and academic integrity. We end with a "call for community" of instructors who share teaching resources, and we hope that this article, and its associated supplemental materials, may serve to support this endeavor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
{"title":"Teaching animal learning and cognition: adapting to the online environment","authors":"V. Kuhlmeier, Tara A. Karasewich, M. Olmstead","doi":"10.3819/ccbr.2020.150008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3819/ccbr.2020.150008","url":null,"abstract":"The number of online courses offered by institutions of higher education has been increasing sizably in the 21st century. As we write this article in 2020, though, the prevalence of online courses is taking an unexpected upturn as the global COVID-19 pandemic has led to a sudden transition of many in-person courses to remote, online delivery. The specific goal of this article is to share, in a timely manner, our experiences and insights from teaching an online course on animal learning and cognition for the last 7 years. A broader goal is to provide a resource that not only benefits instructors in the present circumstances but also supports course development, review, and redesign-for both on-campus and online curricula-into the future. To these ends, we discuss course organization, learning outcomes, activities, assessments, and considerations such as accessibility and academic integrity. We end with a \"call for community\" of instructors who share teaching resources, and we hope that this article, and its associated supplemental materials, may serve to support this endeavor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)","PeriodicalId":44593,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70235680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3819/ccbr.2020.150006
S. L. Jacobson, Joshua M. Plotnik
The three extant species of the family Elephantidae — Asian (Elephas maximus), African savanna (Loxodonta africana), and African forest (L. cyclotis) elephants — have long trajectories of independent evolution. The African species diverged from the Asian species more than 6 million years ago (Rogaev et al., 2006), and the two African species diverged from each other more than 1.9 million years ago (Rohland et al., 2010). Although these species inhabit somewhat different ecosystems, they are all generalist feeders and consume a wide variety of grasses and browse depending on resource availability (Hatt & Clauss, 2006). All species are social, with the main social unit centering on adult female relatives and their offspring (Buss & Smith, 1966; McKay, 1973). The oldest female leads the group consistently in African savanna elephants (Douglas-Hamilton & Douglas-Hamilton,
象科现存的三个物种——亚洲象(大象)、非洲草原象(非洲象)和非洲森林象(L. cyclotis)——都有很长的独立进化轨迹。非洲物种在600多万年前从亚洲物种中分化出来(Rogaev et al.， 2006)，两个非洲物种在190多万年前相互分化(Rohland et al.， 2010)。虽然这些物种居住在不同的生态系统中，但它们都是多面手喂食者，消耗各种各样的草，并根据资源的可用性进行浏览(Hatt & Clauss, 2006)。所有物种都是社会性的，主要的社会单位以成年雌性亲属及其后代为中心(Buss & Smith, 1966;麦凯,1973)。在非洲大草原象群中，最年长的雌性一直领导着这个群体(道格拉斯-汉密尔顿和道格拉斯-汉密尔顿，
{"title":"The importance of sensory perception in an elephant's cognitive world","authors":"S. L. Jacobson, Joshua M. Plotnik","doi":"10.3819/ccbr.2020.150006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3819/ccbr.2020.150006","url":null,"abstract":"The three extant species of the family Elephantidae — Asian (Elephas maximus), African savanna (Loxodonta africana), and African forest (L. cyclotis) elephants — have long trajectories of independent evolution. The African species diverged from the Asian species more than 6 million years ago (Rogaev et al., 2006), and the two African species diverged from each other more than 1.9 million years ago (Rohland et al., 2010). Although these species inhabit somewhat different ecosystems, they are all generalist feeders and consume a wide variety of grasses and browse depending on resource availability (Hatt & Clauss, 2006). All species are social, with the main social unit centering on adult female relatives and their offspring (Buss & Smith, 1966; McKay, 1973). The oldest female leads the group consistently in African savanna elephants (Douglas-Hamilton & Douglas-Hamilton,","PeriodicalId":44593,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70235930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.3819/CCBR.2020.150004E
S. Reber
Crocodilians are the closest living relatives of birds and share many ecological challenges with mammalian apex predators. They evolved perception pathways that share similarities with both taxa, birds and mammals. Due to their position in the tree of life, crocodilians therefore represent a promising intermediate model for comparative research. In this review, the different modalities of perception in crocodilians are discussed: vision, audition, olfaction, gustation, sense of touch, and (the potential for) magnetoreception. The anatomy and physiology of the sensory organs are briefly described, and behavioral studies on perception summarized. Throughout the review, the similarities and differences between crocodilians and other vertebrate taxa are addressed. Overall, crocodilian sensory organs seem to have evolved for a terrestrial environment, as their eyes are adapted for vision in air, their hearing resembles that of birds, and they do not seem to use olfaction under water. A clear exception are the integumentary sensory organs, which allow them to perceive minute water movements. While crocodilian sensory organs have received quite some attention, there are relatively few behavioral studies on perception. Future research on the perceptual capacities of crocodilians will provide insight into the evolutionary origins of perception in all amniotes. (Less)
{"title":"Crocodilians are promising intermediate model organisms for comparative perception research","authors":"S. Reber","doi":"10.3819/CCBR.2020.150004E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3819/CCBR.2020.150004E","url":null,"abstract":"Crocodilians are the closest living relatives of birds and share many ecological challenges with mammalian apex predators. They evolved perception pathways that share similarities with both taxa, birds and mammals. Due to their position in the tree of life, crocodilians therefore represent a promising intermediate model for comparative research. In this review, the different modalities of perception in crocodilians are discussed: vision, audition, olfaction, gustation, sense of touch, and (the potential for) magnetoreception. The anatomy and physiology of the sensory organs are briefly described, and behavioral studies on perception summarized. Throughout the review, the similarities and differences between crocodilians and other vertebrate taxa are addressed. Overall, crocodilian sensory organs seem to have evolved for a terrestrial environment, as their eyes are adapted for vision in air, their hearing resembles that of birds, and they do not seem to use olfaction under water. A clear exception are the integumentary sensory organs, which allow them to perceive minute water movements. While crocodilian sensory organs have received quite some attention, there are relatively few behavioral studies on perception. Future research on the perceptual capacities of crocodilians will provide insight into the evolutionary origins of perception in all amniotes. (Less)","PeriodicalId":44593,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70235416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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