Chaoyin Liu, Jan Kubenz, G. Prokop, Julian Diehl, P. Hoffmann
Tire force and moment (F&M) characteristics are important for the analysis and design of vehicle-handling dynamics and ride comfort. Compared with a general tire F&M measuring method, it provides a detailed insight into the generation of tire F&M characteristics by measuring the tire carcass deformation during static and side-slip maneuvers. A tire observation system with two GOM optical measuring facilities was developed to characterize the tire carcass deformation of the standing and rolling tire. Structural parameters of tire carcass flexibility have been identified based on a polynomial physical tire model with the help of measured bending curves of the tire carcass. A good correlation between the measured and estimated tire force and moment has proven the validity of the developed characterization method.
{"title":"Development of a Characterization Method of Tire-Handling Dynamics Based on an Optical Measuring System","authors":"Chaoyin Liu, Jan Kubenz, G. Prokop, Julian Diehl, P. Hoffmann","doi":"10.2346/tire.20.190214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/tire.20.190214","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Tire force and moment (F&M) characteristics are important for the analysis and design of vehicle-handling dynamics and ride comfort. Compared with a general tire F&M measuring method, it provides a detailed insight into the generation of tire F&M characteristics by measuring the tire carcass deformation during static and side-slip maneuvers. A tire observation system with two GOM optical measuring facilities was developed to characterize the tire carcass deformation of the standing and rolling tire. Structural parameters of tire carcass flexibility have been identified based on a polynomial physical tire model with the help of measured bending curves of the tire carcass. A good correlation between the measured and estimated tire force and moment has proven the validity of the developed characterization method.","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49417192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Moustafa, S. El‐Mogy, S. Ibrahim, A. Awad, N. Darwish
In this study, eggshell (ES) wastes were used as a renewable reinforcing material in natural rubber (NR) composite to limit carbon production. Long bio-alkyd resin (LAR) was also used to envelope the inorganic ES particles and to aid in dispersing the filler in the NR matrix. The effect of the coated ES filler (ESR) in the rubber mix on the morphology, mechanical properties, and swelling was investigated. The ES filler and its biocomposites were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared imaging microscope (FT-IR-IM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis. The morphological data reveal that the resin enhances the dispersion of the ES filler in the NR matrix. These data were confirmed by the results obtained from FT-IR-IM. The swelling and mechanical properties were significantly improved when the coated filler was used in NR matrix, especially at 20 wt.% ESR. DSC thermograms revealed that the increase in the resin caused the glass transition temperature (Tg) to be shifted to a lower temperature. The obtained results show that the bioenveloping ESR can be used as potential alternative for green tire and vehicle applications rather than conventional petroleum-based filler.
{"title":"Bioenveloping Inorganic Filler-Based Eggshell Wastes for Enhancing the Properties of Natural Rubber Biocomposites","authors":"H. Moustafa, S. El‐Mogy, S. Ibrahim, A. Awad, N. Darwish","doi":"10.2346/tire.20.20002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/tire.20.20002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, eggshell (ES) wastes were used as a renewable reinforcing material in natural rubber (NR) composite to limit carbon production. Long bio-alkyd resin (LAR) was also used to envelope the inorganic ES particles and to aid in dispersing the filler in the NR matrix. The effect of the coated ES filler (ESR) in the rubber mix on the morphology, mechanical properties, and swelling was investigated. The ES filler and its biocomposites were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared imaging microscope (FT-IR-IM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis. The morphological data reveal that the resin enhances the dispersion of the ES filler in the NR matrix. These data were confirmed by the results obtained from FT-IR-IM. The swelling and mechanical properties were significantly improved when the coated filler was used in NR matrix, especially at 20 wt.% ESR. DSC thermograms revealed that the increase in the resin caused the glass transition temperature (Tg) to be shifted to a lower temperature. The obtained results show that the bioenveloping ESR can be used as potential alternative for green tire and vehicle applications rather than conventional petroleum-based filler.","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48751230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Tire-pavement interaction noise (TPIN) is one of the main sources of exterior noise produced by vehicles traveling at greater than 50 kph. The dominant frequency content is typically withi...
{"title":"Modeling Vibration-Induced Tire-Pavement Interaction Noise in the Mid-frequency Range","authors":"Sterling McBride, R. Burdisso, C. Sandu","doi":"10.2346/tire.20.190222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/tire.20.190222","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tire-pavement interaction noise (TPIN) is one of the main sources of exterior noise produced by vehicles traveling at greater than 50 kph. The dominant frequency content is typically withi...","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42871926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.2346/0090-8657-48.4.357
{"title":"Tire Science and TechnologyKeyword Index to Volume 482020","authors":"","doi":"10.2346/0090-8657-48.4.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/0090-8657-48.4.357","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43380571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.2346/0090-8657-48.4.354
{"title":"Tire Science and TechnologyAuthor Index to Volume 482020","authors":"","doi":"10.2346/0090-8657-48.4.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/0090-8657-48.4.354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41561069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Friederichs, D. Wegener, L. Eckstein, F. Hartung, M. Kaliske, T. Götz, W. Ressel
ABSTRACT Rubber friction is a complex phenomenon that is composed of different contributions. Because it always consists of a friction pairing, the road surface topology has a main impact on the ad...
{"title":"Using a New 3D-Printing Method to Investigate Rubber Friction Laws on Different Scales","authors":"J. Friederichs, D. Wegener, L. Eckstein, F. Hartung, M. Kaliske, T. Götz, W. Ressel","doi":"10.2346/tire.20.190218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/tire.20.190218","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rubber friction is a complex phenomenon that is composed of different contributions. Because it always consists of a friction pairing, the road surface topology has a main impact on the ad...","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47094045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT: In radial tires, belt structure plays a role of minimizing the lateral deflection of carcass, which has a significant influence on the cornering and wear properties of a tire. The deflect...
{"title":"In-Plane Bending and Shear Deformation of Belt Contributions on Tire Cornering Stiffness Characteristics","authors":"G. Gil, Sujin Lee","doi":"10.2346/tire.20.190213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/tire.20.190213","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In radial tires, belt structure plays a role of minimizing the lateral deflection of carcass, which has a significant influence on the cornering and wear properties of a tire. The deflect...","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49078182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew D. Van Gennip, Kazuki Okamoto, K. Miyanishi, Hideaki Kashimata
The dynamic effects at the tire contact patch are one of the most difficult factors of a tire to measure. Generally, only the total forces at the tire axle are captured during the tests. There are a few methods for identifying the force distribution at the tire contact patch, but most of these methods are limited to static tests or dynamic tests at slow speeds under nonrepeatable conditions, such as with vehicle testing. Because of this limitation, A&D Company, Limited has developed a tire-testing machine called the dynamic contact force testing rig (DCFR) to measure the dynamic force distribution at the contact patch during high speeds and under reproducible conditions. Preliminary studies have shown that minute changes in shear stress and pressure distribution can be measured consistently. This study observes the dynamic force distribution in a high-performance tire under a variety of test conditions: varying normal load, speed, slip angle, and slip ratio. The tire tread was altered manually by siping additional longitudinal and lateral slits in the existing tread pattern. The tests were repeated for each tread pattern: stock tire tread, additional longitudinal slits, and additional lateral slits. The change in force distribution was compared along the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical axes. The results showed how small changes in tread design can influence tire performance. This article is a preliminary study, primarily investigating the capabilities of the DCFR while investigating basic observable trends in force distribution.
{"title":"Effect of Tread Design Changes on Tire Patch Dynamics at High Speeds Using a Dynamic Contact Force Measurement Rig","authors":"Matthew D. Van Gennip, Kazuki Okamoto, K. Miyanishi, Hideaki Kashimata","doi":"10.2346/tire.20.190216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/tire.20.190216","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The dynamic effects at the tire contact patch are one of the most difficult factors of a tire to measure. Generally, only the total forces at the tire axle are captured during the tests. There are a few methods for identifying the force distribution at the tire contact patch, but most of these methods are limited to static tests or dynamic tests at slow speeds under nonrepeatable conditions, such as with vehicle testing. Because of this limitation, A&D Company, Limited has developed a tire-testing machine called the dynamic contact force testing rig (DCFR) to measure the dynamic force distribution at the contact patch during high speeds and under reproducible conditions. Preliminary studies have shown that minute changes in shear stress and pressure distribution can be measured consistently. This study observes the dynamic force distribution in a high-performance tire under a variety of test conditions: varying normal load, speed, slip angle, and slip ratio. The tire tread was altered manually by siping additional longitudinal and lateral slits in the existing tread pattern. The tests were repeated for each tread pattern: stock tire tread, additional longitudinal slits, and additional lateral slits. The change in force distribution was compared along the longitudinal, lateral, and vertical axes. The results showed how small changes in tread design can influence tire performance. This article is a preliminary study, primarily investigating the capabilities of the DCFR while investigating basic observable trends in force distribution.","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42899581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paolo Baldissera, C. Delprete, M. Rossi, Anatolii Zahar
ABSTRACT In this article, the methodology and results of an experimental campaign on small and slick bicycle tires are presented. The test was developed to compare the rolling resistance of tires t...
{"title":"Experimental Comparison of Speed-Dependent Rolling Coefficients in Small Cycling Tires","authors":"Paolo Baldissera, C. Delprete, M. Rossi, Anatolii Zahar","doi":"10.2346/tire.20.190207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/tire.20.190207","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, the methodology and results of an experimental campaign on small and slick bicycle tires are presented. The test was developed to compare the rolling resistance of tires t...","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44012429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To simulate tire tread friction and wear, a variety of factors have to be taken into account. Among them, the local nonlinear constitutive equation for friction and wear in the contact interface and the related solving strategies, including the wear increment optimization and worn mesh update, are very critical to the predicting methodology. This two-part contribution addresses an integrated approach for friction and wear simulation of tire tread rubber. In Part I, a modified friction test scheme of rubber wheels with the Laboratory Abrasion and Skid Tester (LAT 100) is proposed, along with numerical verification, which greatly improved the distribution uniformities of the contact pressure and sliding velocity. In order to investigate the friction characteristics of tire tread rubber, various contact conditions were conducted, and then a unified friction model was put forward to describe the nonlinear relationship of rubber friction with contact pressure and sliding velocity. Based on the established frictional contact model, the locked traction and cornering rolling were simulated, and the calculated friction forces and lateral forces agree with the experimental results on the whole.
{"title":"An Integrated Approach for Friction and Wear Simulation of Tire Tread Rubber. Part I: Friction Test, Characterization, and Modeling","authors":"Zhao Li, Ziran Li, Yang Wang","doi":"10.2346/TIRE.19.170174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2346/TIRE.19.170174","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 To simulate tire tread friction and wear, a variety of factors have to be taken into account. Among them, the local nonlinear constitutive equation for friction and wear in the contact interface and the related solving strategies, including the wear increment optimization and worn mesh update, are very critical to the predicting methodology. This two-part contribution addresses an integrated approach for friction and wear simulation of tire tread rubber. In Part I, a modified friction test scheme of rubber wheels with the Laboratory Abrasion and Skid Tester (LAT 100) is proposed, along with numerical verification, which greatly improved the distribution uniformities of the contact pressure and sliding velocity. In order to investigate the friction characteristics of tire tread rubber, various contact conditions were conducted, and then a unified friction model was put forward to describe the nonlinear relationship of rubber friction with contact pressure and sliding velocity. Based on the established frictional contact model, the locked traction and cornering rolling were simulated, and the calculated friction forces and lateral forces agree with the experimental results on the whole.","PeriodicalId":44601,"journal":{"name":"Tire Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41521968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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