Pub Date : 2022-01-18DOI: 10.1080/19376529.2021.2023539
Patric R. Spence, Kenneth A. Lachlan, America L. Edwards
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19376529.2021.2019745
Marco Roque de Freitas
ABSTRACT This article aims to identify the sounds, editorial policies and values promoted by Radio Moçambique (RM) during the so-called “socialist period” (1975–1986). Given the high illiteracy rate in the country, RM became the primary medium for informing the populations of FRELIMO’s ideology – the ruling party within a single-party regime – and for spreading the values related to the “new Mozambican man” project. Building on Marissa Moorman’s “sonorous capitalism” concept (2008), this article explores the place of music in promoting and anticipating political and cultural changes in post-colonial Mozambique.
{"title":"Sounding the Nation, Sounding the Revolution: Music and Radio Broadcasting in Post-colonial Mozambique (1975-1986)","authors":"Marco Roque de Freitas","doi":"10.1080/19376529.2021.2019745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19376529.2021.2019745","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article aims to identify the sounds, editorial policies and values promoted by Radio Moçambique (RM) during the so-called “socialist period” (1975–1986). Given the high illiteracy rate in the country, RM became the primary medium for informing the populations of FRELIMO’s ideology – the ruling party within a single-party regime – and for spreading the values related to the “new Mozambican man” project. Building on Marissa Moorman’s “sonorous capitalism” concept (2008), this article explores the place of music in promoting and anticipating political and cultural changes in post-colonial Mozambique.","PeriodicalId":44611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio & Audio Media","volume":"29 1","pages":"80 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47711475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19376529.2021.2023537
Sílvio Santos
ABSTRACT The colonial essence of the Portuguese nation was one of the pillars of Estado Novo (1933–1974). During this period, the media were largely used as a tool for promoting the cohesion of the territories, firstly embodying an Imperial mystique, and after the second World War, arguing for the exceptionalism of Portuguese colonialization and fighting enemy propaganda. However, contrary to other European empires, Portugal never had a consistent and articulated policy for using radio for these purposes. This article analyses the case of São Tomé and Príncipe, the smallest Portuguese colony in Africa and argues that the new strategy that was experimented in the archipelago in the late 60’s was characterized by a lack of organization and investment that curtailed any chances of success against competitor broadcasts. Based on archival research and interviews with former radio professionals, the case of São Tomé is presented as an example of a frail global articulation that characterized the Imperial Portuguese broadcasting strategy during this period, while it deepens the knowledge on the development of radio in the former Portuguese colonies.
葡萄牙民族的殖民本质是“新生”时期(1933-1974)的支柱之一。在这一时期，媒体主要被用作促进领土凝聚力的工具，首先体现了帝国的神秘感，第二次世界大战后，为葡萄牙殖民的例外主义辩护，反对敌人的宣传。然而，与其他欧洲帝国不同的是，葡萄牙从来没有一个连贯和明确的政策来使用无线电来达到这些目的。本文分析了葡萄牙在非洲最小的殖民地 o tom和Príncipe的案例，并认为60年代末在群岛上试验的新战略的特点是缺乏组织和投资，这减少了与竞争对手的广播成功的机会。基于档案研究和对前广播专业人员的采访，本文将s o tom的案例作为这一时期葡萄牙帝国广播战略中脆弱的全球发音的一个例子，同时加深了对前葡萄牙殖民地广播发展的了解。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19376529.2022.2055066
Tony R. DeMars
This issue of the Journal, of Radio & Audio Media fits well with our current times and readers should find familiar themes that are timely for contemporary media research. Co-editor Anne MacLennan and guest editor Nelson Ribeiro have selected a strong variety of research built around our symposium theme “Broadcasting in (De)Colonial Settings.” One of the interesting components of our special symposium issue is that the articles cover different regions and different time periods (colonial/ postcolonial) but all point to the idea of international connections between broadcasting systems in different world regions and countries, not only under colonialism but also in more recent decades. As scholars, we should have an ability to recognize propaganda compared to neutral facts, yet the average person may be less engaged in recognition of or concerns about what media and information effects can be within their society. Spiral of Silence theory, defined as “the tendency of people not to speak up about policy issues in public—or among their family, friends, and work colleagues—when they believe their own point of view is not widely shared” (Hampton et al., 2014, p. 3), is just one of the various means we can use to demonstrate how certain voices within any given discourse can be minimized. Our guest editor contributes an important article to this edition. Nelson Ribeiro is the principal investigator of the project “Broadcasting in the Portuguese Empire: Colonialism, Nationalism, Identity” funded by the Portuguese Science Foundation and the European Union, and this relationship connects to why he is with us as guest editor of the symposium. In his article, Ribeiro shows how Portugal, under dictator António de Oliveira Salazar, failed to recognize the importance of radio in the 1930s, leading to dependence on colonial stations for the dissemination of colonialism. Instead of the government, private radio clubs mostly owned the stations set up in the African territories under Portuguese control (Ribeiro, 2022). Continuing the international and historical angle, Morten Michelsen reveals ways sound was used as a means of enculturation as much as it was as information and entertainment. Michelson draws on his research as JOURNAL OF RADIO & AUDIO MEDIA 2022, VOL. 29, NO. 1, 1–4 https://doi.org/10.1080/19376529.2022.2055066
这一期的《广播与音频媒体杂志》很适合我们当前的时代，读者应该找到熟悉的主题，及时进行当代媒体研究。共同编辑安妮·麦克伦南和客座编辑纳尔逊·里贝罗选择了围绕我们的研讨会主题“(De)殖民环境中的广播”进行的各种研究。我们专题研讨会的一个有趣的部分是，这些文章涵盖了不同的地区和不同的时期(殖民/后殖民)，但都指向了不同地区和国家的广播系统之间的国际联系，不仅在殖民主义时期，而且在最近几十年。作为学者，我们应该有能力识别宣传，而不是中立的事实，但普通人可能不太了解或担心媒体和信息在他们的社会中会产生什么样的影响。沉默螺旋理论被定义为“当人们认为自己的观点没有被广泛分享时，他们不愿在公共场合或在家人、朋友和同事之间谈论政策问题的倾向”(Hampton等人，2014年，第3页)，这只是我们可以用来证明如何在任何给定的话语中最小化某些声音的各种手段之一。我们的客座编辑为本期撰稿了一篇重要文章。Nelson Ribeiro是由葡萄牙科学基金会和欧盟资助的“葡萄牙帝国的广播:殖民主义、民族主义和身份认同”项目的首席研究员，这种关系与他作为研讨会的客座编辑与我们在一起的原因有关。Ribeiro在文章中指出，葡萄牙在独裁者António de Oliveira Salazar的统治下，在1930年代未能认识到广播的重要性，导致依赖殖民地电台传播殖民主义。在葡萄牙控制下的非洲领土上，私人广播俱乐部大多拥有电台，而不是政府(Ribeiro, 2022)。Morten Michelsen继续从国际和历史的角度出发，揭示了声音被用作文化同化手段的方式，就像它被用作信息和娱乐一样。迈克尔逊将他的研究成果发表在《广播与音频媒体杂志》2022年第29卷第1期上。1,1 - 4 https://doi.org/10.1080/19376529.2022.2055066
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19376529.2021.2005601
Nelson Ribeiro
ABSTRACT The article demonstrates how Portugal lacked a true policy of imperial broadcasting which led it to become dependent on colonial stations for the dissemination of colonialism. The broadcasters established in the Portuguese Empire dedicated significant airtime to the dissemination of Portugal’s colonial mission but also promoted local identities with programming echoing the lifestyle of the colonial elites. Thus, the article argues that while the Portuguese authorities considered the cultural expressions and identities of the white residents in Africa as peripheral, these perceived themselves as part of a new devolved center. This ‘peripheral centre’ gained particular ‘visibility’ on the airwaves.
{"title":"A Polycentric Broadcasting Model: Radio and the Promotion of Portuguese Colonialism","authors":"Nelson Ribeiro","doi":"10.1080/19376529.2021.2005601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19376529.2021.2005601","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article demonstrates how Portugal lacked a true policy of imperial broadcasting which led it to become dependent on colonial stations for the dissemination of colonialism. The broadcasters established in the Portuguese Empire dedicated significant airtime to the dissemination of Portugal’s colonial mission but also promoted local identities with programming echoing the lifestyle of the colonial elites. Thus, the article argues that while the Portuguese authorities considered the cultural expressions and identities of the white residents in Africa as peripheral, these perceived themselves as part of a new devolved center. This ‘peripheral centre’ gained particular ‘visibility’ on the airwaves.","PeriodicalId":44611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio & Audio Media","volume":"29 1","pages":"10 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46835970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19376529.2022.2030742
Thomas Leyris
ABSTRACT Whereas France owned the second most important empire in the world in 1945, the colonial domination paradoxically leaned very little on radio broadcasting. It was not until 1954 that the French governement, under the impulsion of Pierre Schaeffer, inventor of the “musique concrète,” launched a strong effort to build an overseas broadcasting network. However, that lasting endeavor took place while the French African colonies went into a phase of quick evolution toward independence. It immediately challenged the radiophonic project that colonial authorities had designed and forced French and Africans stakeholders to adapt their strategy according to the new context.
{"title":"Building an Imperial Broadcasting Network as the Empire Disintegrated – The Birth of Radio in the French sub-Saharan African Colonies during Decolonization","authors":"Thomas Leyris","doi":"10.1080/19376529.2022.2030742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19376529.2022.2030742","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Whereas France owned the second most important empire in the world in 1945, the colonial domination paradoxically leaned very little on radio broadcasting. It was not until 1954 that the French governement, under the impulsion of Pierre Schaeffer, inventor of the “musique concrète,” launched a strong effort to build an overseas broadcasting network. However, that lasting endeavor took place while the French African colonies went into a phase of quick evolution toward independence. It immediately challenged the radiophonic project that colonial authorities had designed and forced French and Africans stakeholders to adapt their strategy according to the new context.","PeriodicalId":44611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio & Audio Media","volume":"29 1","pages":"120 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45061443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19376529.2022.2045296
Masduki
ABSTRACT This article assesses the models of Indonesia and Germany’s public radio and particularly compares the two countries’ policies regarding their broadcasters. It begins by tracing the history of the two countries’ former state-run radio and the influence of political parallelism on the radio governance. This study applies qualitative methods and finds German and Indonesian public radio has been strongly influenced by changes in their countries’ political systems. Public radio in both countries experienced similar trips in post-autocracies but reaching different destinations. Germany’s radio has experienced rapid changes and enjoyed editorial freedom. Meanwhile, Indonesia’s public radio blends government and public interventions.
{"title":"Between Post-Autocratic and Post-War Broadcasters: Comparing Public Radio in Indonesia and Germany","authors":"Masduki","doi":"10.1080/19376529.2022.2045296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19376529.2022.2045296","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article assesses the models of Indonesia and Germany’s public radio and particularly compares the two countries’ policies regarding their broadcasters. It begins by tracing the history of the two countries’ former state-run radio and the influence of political parallelism on the radio governance. This study applies qualitative methods and finds German and Indonesian public radio has been strongly influenced by changes in their countries’ political systems. Public radio in both countries experienced similar trips in post-autocracies but reaching different destinations. Germany’s radio has experienced rapid changes and enjoyed editorial freedom. Meanwhile, Indonesia’s public radio blends government and public interventions.","PeriodicalId":44611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio & Audio Media","volume":"29 1","pages":"156 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45273868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19376529.2022.2064622
Will Studdert
{"title":"Race and Radio: Pioneering Black Broadcasters in New Orleans","authors":"Will Studdert","doi":"10.1080/19376529.2022.2064622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19376529.2022.2064622","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio & Audio Media","volume":"29 1","pages":"177 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47580221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19376529.2021.2023538
V. Kuitenbrouwer
ABSTRACT Dutch international radio broadcaster Radio Nederland Wereldomroep (RNW) was founded in 1947, during the decolonization war in Indonesia. This paper explores the nature of the broadcasts to Indonesia in the early years of RNW. It is argued that these broadcasts must be seen in the context of the Dutch violent military effort to reestablish colonial rule in Southeast Asia. Moreover, this broadcasting strategy, which was mainly aimed at reaching out to white agents of empire in the Indonesian archipelago, can be seen as a continuation of broadcasting practices during the late colonial period in the 1930s, when Dutch were speaking to Dutch.
{"title":"Dutch Speaking to Dutch. Broadcasts from the Netherlands to Indonesia during the Decolonization War (1945–1949)","authors":"V. Kuitenbrouwer","doi":"10.1080/19376529.2021.2023538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19376529.2021.2023538","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Dutch international radio broadcaster Radio Nederland Wereldomroep (RNW) was founded in 1947, during the decolonization war in Indonesia. This paper explores the nature of the broadcasts to Indonesia in the early years of RNW. It is argued that these broadcasts must be seen in the context of the Dutch violent military effort to reestablish colonial rule in Southeast Asia. Moreover, this broadcasting strategy, which was mainly aimed at reaching out to white agents of empire in the Indonesian archipelago, can be seen as a continuation of broadcasting practices during the late colonial period in the 1930s, when Dutch were speaking to Dutch.","PeriodicalId":44611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio & Audio Media","volume":"29 1","pages":"42 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43970137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19376529.2022.2035730
Darmanto, Masduki, Hari Wiryawan
ABSTRACT This paper discusses how radio during the last decade of Dutch colonial era had served as an agent of nationalism in Indonesia. This paper applies a literature study using a historical approach that focused on Soloche Radio Vereeniging (SRV) and the Eastern Radio network, which were operational from the 1930s to the 1940s. The results suggest that SRV and Eastern Radio network during the Dutch colonial period served as tools of cultural resistance against the domination of European culture. Radio broadcasting was an alternative form of cultural diplomacy that promoted the birth of Indonesia, which had become free from colonialism.
摘要本文讨论了荷兰殖民时代最后十年的广播如何成为印尼民族主义的推动者。本文采用历史方法对20世纪30年代至40年代运营的Soloche Radio Vereeniging（SRV）和Eastern Radio network进行了文献研究。研究结果表明，SRV和东方广播网在荷兰殖民时期是文化反抗欧洲文化统治的工具。无线电广播是文化外交的另一种形式，促进了摆脱殖民主义的印度尼西亚的诞生。
{"title":"Radio Broadcasting and Indonesian Nationalism: During the Last Decade of Dutch Colonialism","authors":"Darmanto, Masduki, Hari Wiryawan","doi":"10.1080/19376529.2022.2035730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19376529.2022.2035730","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper discusses how radio during the last decade of Dutch colonial era had served as an agent of nationalism in Indonesia. This paper applies a literature study using a historical approach that focused on Soloche Radio Vereeniging (SRV) and the Eastern Radio network, which were operational from the 1930s to the 1940s. The results suggest that SRV and Eastern Radio network during the Dutch colonial period served as tools of cultural resistance against the domination of European culture. Radio broadcasting was an alternative form of cultural diplomacy that promoted the birth of Indonesia, which had become free from colonialism.","PeriodicalId":44611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio & Audio Media","volume":"29 1","pages":"104 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44859840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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