Abstract The Circolo Italo-Americano, a Progressive-era group of educated Italian immigrants and affluent Bostonians, was founded by settlement movement pioneer Vida Dutton Scudder to integrate Italians into American life through “friendly personal contacts,” social events, and educational opportunities. The Circolo included Italian leadership and focused on immigrants’ contributions, not on “assimilation.”
{"title":"“My Good Italian Friends”: Vida Scudder and Boston's Circolo Italo-Americano","authors":"J. Garbus","doi":"10.1162/tneq_a_00915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00915","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Circolo Italo-Americano, a Progressive-era group of educated Italian immigrants and affluent Bostonians, was founded by settlement movement pioneer Vida Dutton Scudder to integrate Italians into American life through “friendly personal contacts,” social events, and educational opportunities. The Circolo included Italian leadership and focused on immigrants’ contributions, not on “assimilation.”","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46083045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
equality that informed the founding generation and also stoked apocalyptic fears that this great American inheritance was on the verge of imminent collapse unless those white men organized to defend it. Although it has always been contested, the reactionary white male identity politics that first emerged in the antebellum era has been a recurrent and powerful force in American political culture ever since.
{"title":"The Nature of the Future: Agriculture, Science, and Capitalism in the Antebellum North","authors":"Bonnie M. Miller","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00923","url":null,"abstract":"equality that informed the founding generation and also stoked apocalyptic fears that this great American inheritance was on the verge of imminent collapse unless those white men organized to defend it. Although it has always been contested, the reactionary white male identity politics that first emerged in the antebellum era has been a recurrent and powerful force in American political culture ever since.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48493026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article reconstructs the context of the first Boston Massacre Oration delivered by James Lovell. It argues that Lovell's rhetorical education and oratorical practice were primarily an offshoot of a classicizing renaissance tradition transmitted by the colonial colleges that faded, blurred and was repurposed in the eighteenth century.
{"title":"Late-Humanism and Revolutionary Eloquence: James Lovell and His 1771 Boston Massacre Oration","authors":"S. McManus","doi":"10.1162/tneq_a_00914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00914","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article reconstructs the context of the first Boston Massacre Oration delivered by James Lovell. It argues that Lovell's rhetorical education and oratorical practice were primarily an offshoot of a classicizing renaissance tradition transmitted by the colonial colleges that faded, blurred and was repurposed in the eighteenth century.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48649744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
understood their encounters, operationally, as moments where individual relationships interlaced dynamic global trade networks—but sometimes still chose to represent them, symbolically, as sustained encounters between distinct, stable identity groups. Future researchers may profitably take up the question of why this was so and how effective the practice of sharing “founding narratives” actually was. More generally, Rose’s research will be a useful guide for anyone plotting their own dives into the topics, people, and places she includes in her case studies. Those interested in exploring the personal networks that undergirded commercial and religious exchanges will find territory for further investigation well-mapped here; Rose’s narrative and detailed bibliography will be especially useful for plotting new explorations into the manuscript sources in the US, London, and Mumbai archives she has surveyed. In Boston and Bombay Rose has revealed many new details about the early connections between Americans and Bombay Parsis; other scholars should take her up on the invitation to dig further into this rich and complex material.
{"title":"Conflagration: How Transcendentalists Sparked the American Struggle for Racial, Gender, and Social Justice","authors":"Peter Wirzbicki","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00921","url":null,"abstract":"understood their encounters, operationally, as moments where individual relationships interlaced dynamic global trade networks—but sometimes still chose to represent them, symbolically, as sustained encounters between distinct, stable identity groups. Future researchers may profitably take up the question of why this was so and how effective the practice of sharing “founding narratives” actually was. More generally, Rose’s research will be a useful guide for anyone plotting their own dives into the topics, people, and places she includes in her case studies. Those interested in exploring the personal networks that undergirded commercial and religious exchanges will find territory for further investigation well-mapped here; Rose’s narrative and detailed bibliography will be especially useful for plotting new explorations into the manuscript sources in the US, London, and Mumbai archives she has surveyed. In Boston and Bombay Rose has revealed many new details about the early connections between Americans and Bombay Parsis; other scholars should take her up on the invitation to dig further into this rich and complex material.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45608842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IN late August 1836, a six-year-old enslaved African American girl named Med, brought to Boston the previous May by her enslaver Mary Slater, was the subject of a successful and legally critical habeas corpus case known as Commonwealth v. Aves. Liberated from slavery but separated forever from her mother and siblings, who had remained in New Orleans with Mary’s husband Samuel and apparently the Slaters’ other enslaved African Americans, Med was put into the care of a recently founded “asylum” for poor African American children who were orphaned or in need of care. Two years later, Med died of an illness. Could more have been done? Karen Woods Weierman’s Case of the Slave-Child, Med aims to recover Med’s history. Her case, Aves, is well-known to legal historians for Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw’s ruling that because no positive law in Massachusetts recognized the existence of slavery, slaves brought voluntarily into the state could not legally be held against their will or compelled to leave and therefore could succeed on a habeas corpus claim. Given the propensity of Americans with means to travel for business and pleasure, this judgment was a blow against those Southerners who liked to bring their slaves with them when they visited Massachusetts. Shaw’s judgment did not touch fugitives—selfliberating people escaping from slavery—but it nonetheless turned up the heat another few degrees in relations with the South. This was especially so because, less than three weeks earlier, Shaw had ruled that two women claimed as slaves from Maryland had been unlawfully detained by the master of a ship at the behest of the enslaver
{"title":"Listening for Silences: The Trap of Biased Sources","authors":"Lyndsay M. Campbell","doi":"10.1162/tneq_a_00917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00917","url":null,"abstract":"IN late August 1836, a six-year-old enslaved African American girl named Med, brought to Boston the previous May by her enslaver Mary Slater, was the subject of a successful and legally critical habeas corpus case known as Commonwealth v. Aves. Liberated from slavery but separated forever from her mother and siblings, who had remained in New Orleans with Mary’s husband Samuel and apparently the Slaters’ other enslaved African Americans, Med was put into the care of a recently founded “asylum” for poor African American children who were orphaned or in need of care. Two years later, Med died of an illness. Could more have been done? Karen Woods Weierman’s Case of the Slave-Child, Med aims to recover Med’s history. Her case, Aves, is well-known to legal historians for Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw’s ruling that because no positive law in Massachusetts recognized the existence of slavery, slaves brought voluntarily into the state could not legally be held against their will or compelled to leave and therefore could succeed on a habeas corpus claim. Given the propensity of Americans with means to travel for business and pleasure, this judgment was a blow against those Southerners who liked to bring their slaves with them when they visited Massachusetts. Shaw’s judgment did not touch fugitives—selfliberating people escaping from slavery—but it nonetheless turned up the heat another few degrees in relations with the South. This was especially so because, less than three weeks earlier, Shaw had ruled that two women claimed as slaves from Maryland had been unlawfully detained by the master of a ship at the behest of the enslaver","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41270434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2016, three out of four Republicans and supporters of Donald Trump said that “discrimination against Christians was as serious as discrimination against any other group.” A year later, another poll taken among white evangelicals revealed that they believed that they suffered more discrimination than American Muslims (193). In that context, John Corrigan examines the long history of religious intolerance in America and how that history has shaped not only aspects of American identity but also elements of American foreign policy. One familiar with American religious history might expect in a book with this title a litany of events where certain groups suffered persecution for their religious beliefs, but Corrigan does much more than that. He provides a complex analysis that draws upon myriad sources in an effort to unpack the social and psychological elements of religious intolerance. He is fascinated by the interplay between willfully forgetting previous episodes of intolerance while at other moments remembering them—hence the book’s title. This book is certain to draw the attention of numerous scholars in the field of American religious history for its innovative use of social psychology and its application to both domestic intolerance and the desire to make religious freedom abroad a core element of American foreign policy. Corrigan begins by reminding his readers that for much of American history, the prevailing narrative has emphasized belief that this is a land of religious liberty and tolerance. James Madison proudly declared in 1785 that religious freedom adds “lustre to our country” (1). Corrigan counters with “the history of religious tolerance has proven less fascinating to Americans” (1). With that he launches into a narrative that does much more than catalogue various expressions and episodes of religious tolerance. He makes a case for a complex
{"title":"Religious Intolerance, America, and the World: A History of Forgetting and Remembering","authors":"D. Soden","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00918","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016, three out of four Republicans and supporters of Donald Trump said that “discrimination against Christians was as serious as discrimination against any other group.” A year later, another poll taken among white evangelicals revealed that they believed that they suffered more discrimination than American Muslims (193). In that context, John Corrigan examines the long history of religious intolerance in America and how that history has shaped not only aspects of American identity but also elements of American foreign policy. One familiar with American religious history might expect in a book with this title a litany of events where certain groups suffered persecution for their religious beliefs, but Corrigan does much more than that. He provides a complex analysis that draws upon myriad sources in an effort to unpack the social and psychological elements of religious intolerance. He is fascinated by the interplay between willfully forgetting previous episodes of intolerance while at other moments remembering them—hence the book’s title. This book is certain to draw the attention of numerous scholars in the field of American religious history for its innovative use of social psychology and its application to both domestic intolerance and the desire to make religious freedom abroad a core element of American foreign policy. Corrigan begins by reminding his readers that for much of American history, the prevailing narrative has emphasized belief that this is a land of religious liberty and tolerance. James Madison proudly declared in 1785 that religious freedom adds “lustre to our country” (1). Corrigan counters with “the history of religious tolerance has proven less fascinating to Americans” (1). With that he launches into a narrative that does much more than catalogue various expressions and episodes of religious tolerance. He makes a case for a complex","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48692841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shadow Archives: The Lifecycles of African American Literature","authors":"G. Jarrett","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00924","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49554225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
order that arose from the ashes of the New Deal Order. Neoliberalism marked a return to classical liberalism’s laissez-faire ethic and free markets, which, Gerstle reminds us, was not originally conservative but rather progressive and emancipatory. Per Adam Smith, classical liberalism “discerned in markets extraordinary dynamism” and sought to liberate that dynamism from established hierarchies, bureaucracy, red tape, artificial borders, and tariffs (262). That emancipatory spirit was—and is—present in neoliberalism, which attracted not just conservatives, but also progressive liberals and even parts of the New Left, as suggested in section three essays. While rejecting “big government” New Deal liberalism, neoliberalism was liberal in its embrace of freedom: “the freedom of movement, the freedom to don different identities, the ability to live as a cosmopolitan, the ability to think outside the box, as the hippie capitalist Steve Jobs did so brilliantly” (263). This energy blew away the old, established (New Deal) Order and created a new economy based on finance, tech, and levels of economic inequality not seen since the Gilded Age. Astutely, Gerstle calls Bill Clinton the Eisenhower of the Neoliberal Era. Just as the Republican Eisenhower grudgingly accepted the New Deal as a political reality, so too did the Democrat Clinton embrace welfare reform, globalization, and free trade, which further curtailed US-based manufacturing and labor unions, the heart of the old economy. Given this final essay on the Neoliberal Order, it is surprising that the volume did not contain any essays on globalization, trade, or the rise of the nonunion finance and tech sectors, which replaced manufacturing. This is a glaring oversight, especially since the roots of globalization, off-shoring, and international supply chains lay in the New Deal Order itself. The Democratic Party of Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt, and Kennedy was internationalist and pursued lower tariffs, freer trade, and intercultural understanding throughout the years of its dominance, building the international infrastructure needed for the movement of goods, people, and services across borders. Moreover, there has been excellent work on the economic transformation Gerstle identifies in his final essay, including, for just one example, Gerald F. Davis’s Managed by Markets: How Finance ReShaped America (2011). Nonetheless, this is an extremely valuable book for anyone looking to understand the limits and unfulfilled promise of the New Deal state.
{"title":"The Kennedys in the World: How Jack, Bobby, and Ted Remade America's Empire","authors":"Joshua D. Farrington","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00926","url":null,"abstract":"order that arose from the ashes of the New Deal Order. Neoliberalism marked a return to classical liberalism’s laissez-faire ethic and free markets, which, Gerstle reminds us, was not originally conservative but rather progressive and emancipatory. Per Adam Smith, classical liberalism “discerned in markets extraordinary dynamism” and sought to liberate that dynamism from established hierarchies, bureaucracy, red tape, artificial borders, and tariffs (262). That emancipatory spirit was—and is—present in neoliberalism, which attracted not just conservatives, but also progressive liberals and even parts of the New Left, as suggested in section three essays. While rejecting “big government” New Deal liberalism, neoliberalism was liberal in its embrace of freedom: “the freedom of movement, the freedom to don different identities, the ability to live as a cosmopolitan, the ability to think outside the box, as the hippie capitalist Steve Jobs did so brilliantly” (263). This energy blew away the old, established (New Deal) Order and created a new economy based on finance, tech, and levels of economic inequality not seen since the Gilded Age. Astutely, Gerstle calls Bill Clinton the Eisenhower of the Neoliberal Era. Just as the Republican Eisenhower grudgingly accepted the New Deal as a political reality, so too did the Democrat Clinton embrace welfare reform, globalization, and free trade, which further curtailed US-based manufacturing and labor unions, the heart of the old economy. Given this final essay on the Neoliberal Order, it is surprising that the volume did not contain any essays on globalization, trade, or the rise of the nonunion finance and tech sectors, which replaced manufacturing. This is a glaring oversight, especially since the roots of globalization, off-shoring, and international supply chains lay in the New Deal Order itself. The Democratic Party of Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt, and Kennedy was internationalist and pursued lower tariffs, freer trade, and intercultural understanding throughout the years of its dominance, building the international infrastructure needed for the movement of goods, people, and services across borders. Moreover, there has been excellent work on the economic transformation Gerstle identifies in his final essay, including, for just one example, Gerald F. Davis’s Managed by Markets: How Finance ReShaped America (2011). Nonetheless, this is an extremely valuable book for anyone looking to understand the limits and unfulfilled promise of the New Deal state.","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48903573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Sketch, the Tale, and the Beginnings of American Literature","authors":"J. Dauer","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00919","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43220788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Between Boston and Bombay: Cultural and Commercial Encounters of Yankees and Parsis, 1771–1865","authors":"D. Norwood","doi":"10.1162/tneq_r_00920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00920","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44619,"journal":{"name":"NEW ENGLAND QUARTERLY-A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF NEW ENGLAND LIFE AND LETTERS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43147111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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