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Navigating between Scylla and Charybdis: SoTL as its Own Kind of Inquiry 在“锡拉”和“卡律布狄斯”之间航行:SoTL作为它自己的一种探索
Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.20343/teachlearninqu.11.28
Jennifer Löfgreen
Although there is ample literature that explores what SoTL is and offers guidelines on how to do SoTL, we have not paid enough attention to the fundamental assumptions that underpin systematic scholarly inquiry itself, regardless of the context or the object of study. Instead, we seem to have a narrative that relates SoTL to the disciplines and/or educational research. In this paper, I challenge this narrative with the help of philosophy of science. Specifically, I argue that SoTL is at risk of being appropriated by disciplinary paradigms. This means we would do well to adjust how we conceptualize SoTL. To find a better way, I use Habermas’ concept of knowledge-constitutive interests to argue that we should start by recognizing the fundamental interests at play when we do SoTL, regardless of disciplinary context. I connect Habermas’ three interests (instrumental, interpretive, and emancipatory) to Hutchings’ taxonomy of SoTL questions (what works? what is? and what could be?) and to three basic paradigms of inquiry (normative, interpretive, and critical realist). These connections show how philosophy of science in the form of Habermas’ critical theory can combine with existing conceptual literature on SoTL and established paradigms of inquiry that exist independently of the disciplines. I aim to show that we can use philosophy of science to conceptualize SoTL in a way that allows it to stand fully on its own merits, as its own form of inquiry, with disciplinary perspectives only influencing it in appropriate and useful ways.
尽管有大量的文献探讨了什么是SoTL,并提供了如何进行SoTL的指导方针,但我们对支撑系统学术研究本身的基本假设没有给予足够的关注,而不考虑背景或研究对象。相反,我们似乎有一种将SoTL与学科和/或教育研究联系起来的叙述。在本文中,我借助科学哲学对这种叙述提出了挑战。具体来说,我认为SoTL有被学科范式占用的风险。这意味着我们应该很好地调整我们概念化SoTL的方式。为了找到一个更好的方法,我使用哈贝马斯的知识构成利益的概念来论证,我们应该首先认识到在SoTL中起作用的基本利益,而不管学科背景如何。我将哈贝马斯的三种兴趣(工具性、解释性和解放性)与哈钦斯的SoTL问题分类(什么有效?是什么?以及探究的三种基本范式(规范、解释和批判现实主义)。这些联系表明,以哈贝马斯批判理论为形式的科学哲学是如何与现有的关于SoTL的概念性文献和独立于学科之外的既定研究范式相结合的。我的目的是表明,我们可以使用科学哲学来概念化SoTL,使其能够完全站在自己的优点上,作为自己的调查形式,而学科观点只会以适当和有用的方式影响它。
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引用次数: 0
Experiences with Supporting Teachers with Scholarship of Teaching and Learning at a Research-Intensive University: Lessons Learned 在研究型大学中支持教师获得教学和学习奖学金的经验:经验教训
Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.20343/teachlearninqu.11.27
Irma Meijerman, Femke Kirschner, Frans Prins
Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) is a fast-maturing field of study within many research-intensive universities. SoTL improves the quality of teaching, the professional development of teachers, and the recognition and appreciation of education. To encourage SoTL, it is important to know how to support teachers. This study describes two pilot initiatives with the goal to encourage and support teachers at a research-intensive university with their first SoTL project. In both pilots, a community of practice (CoP) approach was used. The experiences with the pilots were investigated with questionnaires and interviews. Based on the feedback of participants, albeit with some caution because of the relatively small sample size of this study, suggestions for future initiatives that support teachers new to SoTL at research-intensive institutes are: 1) the use of a combination of a CoP and individual guidance by experienced SoTL facilitators; 2) the creation of opportunities for formal and informal interaction to strengthen the CoP; 3) encouraging participants to work together on (shared) aligned projects; 4) the provision of structured course elements with guided discussions; 5) the provision of theoretical support regarding the principles of SoTL, for example, finding and interpreting literature, formulating a research question, and choosing the research methodology; 6) structure the inclusion of students’ participations, perspectives, and roles in SoTL; 7) some form of obligation, such as an official status of the initiative; and 8) institutional support, such as providing recognition, time, and financial support. The lessons learned in this study have relevance for all universities seeking to embrace, encourage, and support SoTL, especially for those initiating their first SoTL-supporting activities.
在许多研究型大学中,教与学奖学金(SoTL)是一个快速成熟的研究领域。SoTL提高了教学质量,提高了教师的专业发展,提高了人们对教育的认识和欣赏。为了鼓励SoTL,知道如何支持教师是很重要的。本研究描述了两项试点计划,其目标是鼓励和支持研究型大学的教师开展他们的第一个SoTL项目。在两个试点中,都采用了实践社区(CoP)方法。通过问卷调查和访谈对飞行员的经历进行了调查。根据参与者的反馈,尽管由于本研究的样本量相对较小而有些谨慎,但对未来支持研究密集型机构中新入职的SoTL教师的举措的建议是:1)使用CoP和经验丰富的SoTL引导者的个人指导相结合;2)创造正式和非正式互动的机会,以加强缔约方会议;3)鼓励参与者在(共享)一致的项目上共同努力;4)提供结构化的课程元素和引导讨论;5)提供关于SoTL原则的理论支持,例如,查找和解释文献,制定研究问题,选择研究方法;6)构建学生在SoTL中的参与、观点和角色;7)某种形式的义务,例如倡议的官方地位;8)制度支持,如提供认可、时间和资金支持。本研究的经验教训与所有寻求拥抱、鼓励和支持SoTL的大学相关,特别是那些开始他们的第一个SoTL支持活动的大学。
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引用次数: 0
Defining Active Learning: A Restricted Systemic Review 定义主动学习:一个有限的系统回顾
Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.20343/teachlearninqu.11.25
Peter Doolittle, Krista Wojdak, Amanda Walters
What is active learning? While active learning has been demonstrated to have positive impacts on student learning and performance, defining the concept has been elusive. Previous research examining active learning definitions in STEM fields found that the vast majority of published articles did not define active learning, and those that did defined active learning as interacting, engaging, or not lecturing. The current research extends this STEM-focused work by examining both social science and STEM science publications. A restricted systematic review of literature was conducted using the SCOPUS database, resulting in 547 relevant articles focused on active learning from 2017 to 2022. An examination of the articles indicated that 71% of the reviewed articles did not define active learning and that the instructional strategies most often cited as fostering active learning emphasized social interactive learning strategies (e.g., small groups, team-based learning, discussion, and cooperative learning), as well as critical thinking strategies (e.g., problem-based learning, case-based learning, and inquiry-based learning). In addition, an in-depth qualitative analysis of the 161 definitions provided within the articles yielded three main emergent themes: (a) active learning is defined as grounded in student-centered constructivist theory, (b) active learning is defined as promoting higher-order thinking and deep learning, and (c) active learning is defined as an instructional strategy involving activity, participation, and engagement. Given these main findings, a representative definition was created: Active learning is a student-centered approach to the construction of knowledge focused on activities and strategies that foster higher-order thinking.
什么是主动学习?虽然主动学习已经被证明对学生的学习和表现有积极的影响,但定义这个概念一直是难以捉摸的。之前对STEM领域主动学习定义的研究发现,绝大多数发表的文章都没有定义主动学习,而那些将主动学习定义为互动、参与或不说教的文章。目前的研究通过检查社会科学和STEM科学出版物来扩展这项以STEM为重点的工作。使用SCOPUS数据库对文献进行了限制性系统综述,得出2017年至2022年547篇有关主动学习的相关文章。对文章的检查表明,71%的被审查文章没有定义主动学习,而最常被引用的促进主动学习的教学策略强调社会互动学习策略(例如,小组、团队学习、讨论和合作学习),以及批判性思维策略(例如,基于问题的学习、基于案例的学习和基于探究的学习)。此外,对文章中提供的161个定义进行了深入的定性分析,得出了三个主要的新兴主题:(a)主动学习被定义为以学生为中心的建构主义理论;(b)主动学习被定义为促进高阶思维和深度学习;(c)主动学习被定义为一种涉及活动、参与和参与的教学策略。鉴于这些主要发现,一个具有代表性的定义被创建:主动学习是一种以学生为中心的知识构建方法,专注于培养高阶思维的活动和策略。
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引用次数: 0
Using Scenarios to Explore the Complexity of Student-Faculty Partnership 用情景探讨师生合作关系的复杂性
Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.20343/teachlearninqu.11.26
Cherie Woolmer, Nattalia Godbold, Isabel Treanor, Natalie McCray, Ketevan Kupatadze, Peter Felten, Catherine Bovill
In this paper, we present and reflect on using scenarios and role-plays as an effective approach to engaging in the often complicated conversations about student-faculty/staff partnerships, particularly those involving the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL). Students as co-developers of pedagogical processes, as well as co-researchers in SoTL, has become an increasingly valued practice in higher education institutions around the world, one that promises to be transformative in its pursuit to break down the traditional hierarchies and establish more democratic and equitable relationships between faculty/staff and students. While there is a growing body of evidence that demonstrates the value of creating spaces and processes to enhance teaching and learning, it can be challenging to know how to develop and implement partnership in SoTL. How do we actually do it? Many of us need guidance for where and how to get started, how to build effective partnerships, how to work through difficulties, how to share our experiences, and how to invite others into this practice. Informed by our own experiences of engaging in pedagogical SoTL partnerships and drawing upon materials developed for a conference workshop we delivered at the 2019 International Society for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (ISSOTL) conference, we argue that scenarios and role-plays, when informed by the principles of Scenario Based Learning (SBL), are effective tools that help explore partnership experiences of faculty/staff and students. We offer considerations for how readers can adopt and adapt scenarios in their contexts and invite further research on the ways SBL contributes to SoTL and partnership.
在本文中,我们提出并反思了如何使用场景和角色扮演作为一种有效的方法来参与关于学生与教师/员工伙伴关系的复杂对话,特别是那些涉及教与学的奖学金(SoTL)的对话。学生作为教学过程的共同开发者,以及SoTL的共同研究者,在世界各地的高等教育机构中已经成为一种越来越受重视的做法,这种做法有望在追求打破传统的等级制度、在教师/员工和学生之间建立更民主和公平的关系方面产生变革。虽然有越来越多的证据表明创造空间和流程以加强教与学的价值,但了解如何在SoTL中发展和实施伙伴关系可能具有挑战性。我们该怎么做呢?我们中的许多人需要指导,以了解从哪里开始以及如何开始,如何建立有效的伙伴关系,如何克服困难,如何分享我们的经验,以及如何邀请他人加入这一实践。我们提供了读者如何在他们的环境中采用和适应场景的考虑,并邀请进一步研究SBL对SoTL和伙伴关系的贡献方式。
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引用次数: 0
Challenges of Shaping Student Study Strategies for Success: Replication and Extension 塑造学生成功学习策略的挑战:复制与延伸
Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.20343/teachlearninqu.11.18
Trent W. Maurer, Emily Cabay
We replicated and extended Maurer and Shipp’s (2021) intervention to teach students the successive relearning study strategy and encourage its use in preparation for course exams. This mixed-methods project was conducted in partnership between the faculty member teaching the course and an undergraduate student enrolled in the course. Results were similar to those reported by Maurer and Shipp (2021) but differed in meaningful ways. In this investigation, students reported more spaced practice in studying for the exam, demonstrated both greater confidence and greater mastery of the targeted course concept and closer alignment of confidence and mastery. They also reported greater unprompted metacognitive awareness of their own need to learn better study strategies. Qualitative responses from students aligned with the recommendation from SoTL literature that interventions to teach students to adopt more effective study methods need to both provide information and research evidence about more effective methods to students. The responses also aligned with the recommendation from SoTL literature to scaffold students through how to use the methods with opportunities to practice them. Time management issues emerged as the largest student-identified barrier to adopting successive relearning.
我们复制并扩展了Maurer和Shipp(2021)的干预方法,向学生传授连续再学习学习策略,并鼓励其用于准备课程考试。这个混合方法的项目是由教授这门课程的教师和一名选修这门课程的本科生合作进行的。结果与Maurer和Shipp(2021)报告的结果相似,但在一些有意义的方面存在差异。在这项调查中,学生们报告了更多的间隔练习,以备考,表现出更大的信心和对目标课程概念的更好掌握,以及更紧密的信心和掌握。他们还报告说,他们对自己需要学习更好的学习策略有更强的自发元认知意识。学生的定性反应与SoTL文献的建议一致,即教学生采用更有效的学习方法的干预措施需要向学生提供有关更有效方法的信息和研究证据。回答也与SoTL文献的建议一致,即指导学生如何使用这些方法并有机会实践这些方法。时间管理问题成为学生认为采用连续再学习的最大障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Reviewing the Literature on Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL): An Academic Literacies Perspective 教与学的学术研究综述:学术素养的视角
Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.20343/teachlearninqu.11.5
Mick Healey, Ruth Healey
There are few sources that critically evaluate the ways of reviewing the literature on scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL). We use an academic literacies perspective as a lens with which to explore the ways that literature reviews may be undertaken. While reviewing the literature is often presented as a scientific, objective process, the reality is much messier, nuanced, and iterative. It is a complex, context-dependent procedure. We provide a practical, critical guide to undertaking SoTL literature reviews. We distinguish between embedded reviews that present a review contextualising the research that follows, as in most SoTL articles; and freestanding reviews that synthesise research on specific topics. We discuss the nature of embedded reviews, and evaluate systematic and narrative review approaches to undertaking freestanding reviews. We contend that the claims of the superiority of systematic reviews are unjustified. It is important that contextually-sensitive judgements and interpretation of texts associated with narrative reviews are seen as central to the reviewing process, and as a strength rather than a weakness. This article complements a separate one, where we apply an academic literacies lens to reviewing the literature on searching the SoTL literature. Together, they present a narrative review of searching and reviewing the SoTL literature undertaken systematically. We call for studies investigating the lived experiences of SoTL scholars. We illustrate this argument with an auto-ethnographic account of the often-serendipitous nature of our hunt for sources in preparing this review and the way our thinking and writing evolved during the writing of the two articles.
很少有来源批判性地评价教学与学习(SoTL)学术文献的审查方式。我们使用学术素养的角度作为一个镜头,探索的方式,文献综述可能进行。虽然回顾文献通常被认为是一个科学的、客观的过程,但现实要混乱得多,微妙得多,而且是反复的。这是一个复杂的、依赖于上下文的过程。我们提供了一个实用的,关键的指导进行SoTL文献综述。我们区分了嵌入式评论,即在大多数SoTL文章中,将随后的研究背景化的评论;以及对特定主题的综合研究的独立评论。我们讨论了嵌入式评论的本质,并评估了进行独立评论的系统和叙述评论方法。我们认为系统评价的优越性是不合理的。重要的是,与叙事评论相关的上下文敏感判断和文本解释被视为审查过程的核心,并且是一种优势而不是劣势。这篇文章是对另一篇文章的补充,在这篇文章中,我们运用学术素养的视角来回顾搜索SoTL文献的文献。总之,他们提出了一个叙述性的审查搜索和审查SoTL文献进行系统。我们呼吁对SoTL学者的生活经历进行调查研究。我们用一种自动人种学的方式来说明这一论点,这种方式经常是我们在准备这篇评论时寻找资源的偶然性质,以及我们在撰写这两篇文章时思考和写作的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Using a Self-Determination Theory Approach to Understand Student Perceptions of Inquiry-Based Learning 运用自我决定理论方法了解学生对探究式学习的看法
IF 1 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-09-14 DOI: 10.20343/teachlearninqu.9.2.5
FangFang Zhao, G. Roehrig, Lorelei E Patrick, Levesque-Bristol Chantal, S. Cotner
Inquiry-based laboratory activities, as a part of science curricula, have been advocated to increase students’ learning outcomes and improve students’ learning experiences, but students sometimes struggle with open-inquiry activities. This study aims to investigate students’ perceptions of inquiry-based learning in a set of laboratory activities, specifically from a psychological (i.e., Self-Determination Theory) perspective. Students’ ratings of the level of inquiry in these activities indicate that students’ perceptions of inquiry align with the instructor-intended amount of inquiry in each exercise. Students’ written responses, explaining their ratings, indicate that students’ perceptions of the amount of inquiry in a given lab exercise relate to their feeling of freedom (or autonomy), competence, and relatedness (or support), during the inquiry-based learning activities. The results imply that instructors implementing inquiry-based learning activities should consider student motivation, and Self-Determination Theory can be a useful diagnostic tool during teaching development.
探究性实验活动作为科学课程的一部分,一直被提倡提高学生的学习成果和改善学生的学习体验,但学生有时会对开放性探究性活动感到困惑。本研究旨在调查学生在一系列实验室活动中对探究式学习的看法,特别是从心理学(即自决理论)的角度。学生对这些活动中探究程度的评分表明,学生对探究的看法与教师在每个练习中预期的探究量一致。学生的书面回答解释了他们的评分,表明学生对给定实验室练习中探究量的看法与他们在探究性学习活动中对自由(或自主)、能力和关系(或支持)的感觉有关。研究结果表明,教师在实施探究性学习活动时应考虑学生的动机,而自我决定理论可以成为教学发展过程中有用的诊断工具。
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引用次数: 1
Capstone Experience Purposes 顶点体验目的
IF 1 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-09-14 DOI: 10.20343/teachlearninqu.9.2.19
Russell Kirkscey, J. Vale, Jennifer Hill, James Weiss
Capstone experiences (CEs) serve a variety of purposes in higher education as opportunities to apply academic skills, explore post-graduate life and employment, and achieve a meaningful undergraduate event. This study investigated the purposes of CEs through a content analysis of institutional course syllabi/course outlines/module outlines and catalog/calendar descriptions at five institutions of higher education: a large public research university in Canada, a large public teaching university in the United Kingdom (UK), a college of a large public research university in the United States (US), and two medium-sized private liberal arts universities in the US. Using the CE purposes found in a review of scholarly literature as a research guide, the authors analyzed 84 institutional documents. CE purposes that appeared in the sample at lower percentages when compared with published studies included oral communication, a coherent academic experience, preparation for graduate school, preparation for life after college, and civic engagement/service learning. Implications for practice include the need for instructors and administrators to consider revising CE documents to better reflect the content and goals of the courses and to address the requirements of other audiences (e.g., program reviewers, accreditation evaluators). Moreover, the results of this study may assist educators in considering reasons for omitting explicit purposes from CE documents and/or justifying the inclusion of previously omitted purposes.
顶点体验(CEs)在高等教育中有多种用途,作为应用学术技能、探索研究生生活和就业的机会,并实现有意义的本科活动。本研究通过对五所高等教育机构(加拿大一所大型公立研究型大学、英国一所大型公立教学大学、美国一所大型公立研究型大学的学院和美国两所中型私立文理大学)的机构课程大纲/课程大纲/模块大纲和目录/日历描述的内容分析,调查了CEs的目的。以学术文献综述中发现的CE目的为研究指导,作者分析了84份机构文件。与已发表的研究相比,样本中出现的CE目的百分比较低,包括口头交流,连贯的学术经历,为研究生院做准备,为大学毕业后的生活做准备,以及公民参与/服务学习。对实践的影响包括教师和管理人员需要考虑修改CE文件,以更好地反映课程的内容和目标,并解决其他受众(例如,项目审查人员、认证评估人员)的要求。此外,本研究的结果可能有助于教育工作者考虑从CE文件中省略明确目的的原因和/或证明先前省略的目的的合理性。
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引用次数: 1
Authentic learning across disciplines and borders with scholarly digital storytelling 通过学术数字故事讲述,跨越学科和边界的真实学习
IF 1 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-09-14 DOI: 10.20343/teachlearninqu.9.2.8
K. Schrum, Niall Majury, A. Simonelli
Scholarly digital storytelling combines academic research and digital skills to communicate scholarly work within and beyond the classroom. This article presents three case studies that demonstrate efforts to integrate scholarly digital storytelling, a technology-enhanced assessment, across disciplines, geographic locations, and teaching contexts. The case studies originate in the United States, Northern Ireland [UK], and Norway, and represent learning across multiple disciplines, including history, higher education, geography, and biology. This article explores the potential for scholarly digital storytelling, when carefully planned, scaffolded, and implemented, to engage students in authentic learning, teaching students to think deeply and creatively about disciplinary content while creating sharable digital products.
学术数字叙事结合了学术研究和数字技能,在课堂内外交流学术工作。本文介绍了三个案例研究,展示了跨学科、地理位置和教学环境整合学术数字故事、技术增强评估的努力。这些案例研究起源于美国、北爱尔兰(英国)和挪威,代表了跨多个学科的学习,包括历史、高等教育、地理和生物学。本文探讨了学术数字叙事的潜力,在精心策划、搭建和实施的情况下,让学生参与到真实的学习中,教学生在创造可共享的数字产品的同时,对学科内容进行深入和创造性的思考。
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引用次数: 2
Can Relational Feed-Forward Enhance Students’ Cognitive and Affective Responses to Assessment? 关系前馈能增强学生对评价的认知和情感反应吗?
IF 1 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2021-09-14 DOI: 10.20343/teachlearninqu.9.2.18
Jennifer L. Hill, Kathy Berlin, J. Choate, Lisa Cravens-Brown, L. McKendrick-Calder, Susan Smith
Assessment feedback should be an integral part of learning in higher education, but students can find this process emotionally and cognitively challenging. Instructors need to consider how to manage students’ responses to feedback so that students feel capable of improving their work and maintaining their wellbeing. In this paper, we examine the role of instructor-student relational feed-forward, enacted as a dialogue relating to ongoing assessment, in dissipating student anxiety, enabling productive learning attitudes and behaviours, and supporting wellbeing. We undertook qualitative data collection within two undergraduate teaching units that were adopting a relational feed-forward intervention over the 2019–2020 academic year. Student responses were elicited via small group, semi-structured interviews and personal reflective diaries, and were analysed inductively using thematic analysis. The results demonstrate that relational feed-forward promotes many elements of student feedback literacy, such as appreciating the purpose and value of feedback, judging work against a rubric, exercising volition and agency to act, and managing affect. Students were keen for instructors to help them manage their emotions related to assessment, believing this would promote their wellbeing. We conclude by exploring academic strategies and pedagogies that position relational instructor feed-forward as an act of care, and we summarize the key characteristics of emotionally resonant relational feed-forward meetings.
在高等教育中,评估反馈应该是学习的一个组成部分,但学生可能会发现这个过程在情感上和认知上都具有挑战性。教师需要考虑如何管理学生对反馈的反应,以便学生感到有能力改进他们的工作并保持他们的健康。在本文中,我们研究了师生关系前馈的作用,作为与正在进行的评估相关的对话,在消散学生焦虑,实现富有成效的学习态度和行为以及支持福祉方面发挥作用。我们在2019-2020学年采用关系前馈干预的两个本科教学单元中进行了定性数据收集。学生的回答是通过小组、半结构化访谈和个人反思日记引出的,并使用主题分析进行归纳分析。结果表明,关系前馈促进了学生反馈素养的许多要素,如欣赏反馈的目的和价值,根据标题判断工作,行使意志和行动代理,以及管理影响。学生们希望老师能帮助他们管理与评估相关的情绪,相信这会促进他们的健康。最后,我们探讨了将关系讲师前馈定位为一种关怀行为的学术策略和教学法,并总结了情感共鸣关系前馈会议的关键特征。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Teaching & Learning Inquiry-The ISSOTL Journal
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