Salud Colectiva最新文献

The decline in vaccination coverage associated with the population's mistrust of vaccines has been defined as a global health threat. Adopting a qualitative approach centered on the social significance of vaccines, we conducted semi-structured interviews with mothers and fathers in the City of Buenos Aires between July and December 2020. We describe and analyze their knowledge and the arguments used to justify their acceptance or reluctance to vaccinate their children in the context of COVID-19. The results show that the studied population possesses knowledge about vaccines and accepts them as a preventive practice. Nonetheless, it was possible to identify a broad spectrum of attitudes towards vaccination, including more reticent positions based on concerns regarding their safety, adverse effects, and the need to apply them for eradicated diseases, proposing vaccination as an optional and complementary practice to other care practices. Arguments are organized under the assumption of individual and moral responsibility for health care, an expression of the current sociocultural and health backdrop.

Most analysts identify three main foundations of the development of traditional Mexican medicine between the 15th and 18th centuries (pre-Hispanic, Hispanic, and African), as well as a number of complementary sources incorporated over the course of the 18th and 19th centuries. However, a significant proportion of leading specialists consider pre-Hispanic medicine to be the primary basis of traditional medicine, downplaying Hispanic influence and disregarding African influence. Furthermore, they either ignore or give only cursory treatment to the role of biomedicine in the present-day medicalization of traditional medicine. Although this trend can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s, it intensified from the 1970s onward and peaked around the time of the Fifth Centennial in 1992, transforming the question of the origins and development of traditional medicine into a largely ideological issue.

The purpose of this article is to identify power-knowledge relationships that shape discourses surrounding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnoses in the region of Los Lagos, Chile. Employing a qualitative methodology based on Foucauldian discourse analysis, three analytical categories were defined: a) meanings, b) configurations, and c) implications of this neuropsychiatric condition. These categories guided eleven in-depth interviews with professionals, family members, and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, which were conducted between 2020 and 2021. Based on the discourse analysis, the article concludes that: a) Foucauldian biopolitics and Latin American collective health are effective analytical approaches to discourses surrounding ADHD; b) the diagnosis of this disorder is a medicalized phenomenon; and c) diagnosis functions as a classifying tool, a field of controversies, and a strategy that modulates the body and childhood activity.

This article explores the question of why the nine pandemics prior to COVID-19 - which have affected millions of people since the second half of the 20th century - were not recorded in collective memory despite their magnitude and extent. Thus, it proposes a reading of the pandemic as one component of a wider syndemic made up of contagious diseases, climate change, and malnutrition. This piece offers a narrative of the origins, development, and prospects of the pandemic within the dynamics of the global food system and national economic and political systems, highlighting components and connections. It includes a warning that - along with climate change and malnutrition (undernourishment-obesity) - pandemics are known and expected outcomes of the workings of a socio-political system that, as in the case of other components of the syndemic, by naturalizing causes and individualizing consequences, conspire against the creation of narratives that go beyond cosmetic changes.

Cisnormativity in the health field has involved the pathologization of identities that do not align with gender binaries. The aim of this study was to analyze the scope and influence of cisnormative discourses on the care and health of trans youth. Semi-structured interviews were carried out between March 2021 and May 2022, and results were analyzed from a social constructivist approach. Five young trans people between 20 and 29 years old participated in the study (2 trans women and 3 trans men). Results showed that aspects of cisnormative gender discourse were evident in their narratives; however, at the same time they generated alternative narratives, where psycho-emotional and bodily care led them to position themselves outside of common tropes such as dysphoria and "the wrong body". We conclude that this study contributes to dismantling the medical view of trans people by showing how they adopt self-care practices by mobilizing their own resources. Furthermore, it reflects the importance of building dialogues with trans people that will allow more and better care strategies to be generated.

Motivations, uses, and meanings given to the placenta by women and men in south central Chile are analyzed, following the implementation of Technical Standard 189 by the Ministry of Health, which allowed people to request their placentas after giving birth on hospital grounds. From an ethnographic approach to the sociocultural uses of placentas, in-depth interviews were carried out with women and their partners between July and November 2019; individual narratives were recorded, as well as conversations between Mapuche women and men who had requested their placenta in three Chilean regions (Araucania, Metropolitan, and Arica and Parinacota). This article focuses on four cases that illustrate the diversity of practices and knowledge surrounding the placenta - inscribed in sociocultural, territorial, political, spiritual, and religious frameworks - according to actors' sociocultural origins. To conclude, the cases are compared in order to highlight both similarities and differences, and some challenges derived from the findings are considered.

In recent decades, decisive events shaping the political and social context surrounding abortion in Argentina culminated in the passing of the Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy (IVE in Spanish) Law in December 2020. The objective of this article is to explore the main barriers to accessing legal abortions in the public health system faced by women during 2019 and 2020 in two Argentine jurisdictions, Rosario and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Based on an adaptation of the "three phases of delay" framework, surveys and semi-structured interviews with 117 women were conducted. Study participants reported difficulties in accessing information about the places and people to turn to for abortions, and most stated that pregnant individuals lack information regarding their legality. Although the majority of interviewees reported positive experiences with health services, they also identified some administrative and institutional barriers.

This article summarizes the strategies used to rapidly develop COVID-19 vaccines and distribute them globally, with an emphasis on vaccines developed in western nations. It is based on interviews and information gathered regarding the response to the pandemic, both from international organizations and official documents from Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, and Mexico. While vaccine development has been hailed as successful, their global distribution has been highly unequal. We look at how the pandemic succeeded in mobilizing large quantities of government resources, and how citizens volunteered their bodies so that clinical trials could be completed quickly. However, patents prevented the expansion of manufacturing capacity, and the governments of a few wealthy countries prioritized the protection - and in some cases overprotection - of their citizens at the expense of protecting the rest of world's population. Among the major beneficiaries of the global response to the pandemic are the leading vaccine companies, their executives, and investors. The article concludes with some of the lessons learned in this process.

This text presents a translation of Franca Ongaro Basaglia's "Introduzione" to the Italian edition of Gregorio Bermann's book La salute mentale in Cina, published by Giulio Einaudi in 1972. Franca Ongaro was born in Venice in 1928. Upon completing her studies at a classical secondary school, she began to write children's literature. In 1953, she married Franco Basaglia and took his surname. The Gorizia psychiatric hospital impacted her interests and solidified her commitment to transforming the institutions and culture surrounding madness. She authored several essays with Franco Basaglia and other members of the group at Gorizia, and was a tireless researcher and feminist activist. Between 1983 and 1992, she was twice elected senator for the Independent Left, and from that position led a cultural and parliamentary crusade to enact the principles of psychiatric reform and authored the project to implement Law 180 - which had been passed by Parliament in 1978 - which set into motion the dismantling of Italy's psychiatric hospitals. Franca Ongaro Basaglia died in her Venice home on January 13, 2005.