Ivan Notardonato, M. Manigrasso, L. Pierno, G. Settimo, C. Protano, M. Vitali, V. Mattei, S. Martellucci, Fiore di Cristina, Paolo Boccia, P. Avino
The air quality monitoring is based on the determination of some gaseous pollutants and PM10 and PM2.5. Recent studies have reported the importance of the determination aerosol fraction below 1 μm both for the dynamic of the airborne and for the public health issue. This paper would like to investigate the importance of this fraction in the air quality monitoring. Further, a particular focus will be devoted the role of the Ultrafine Particles, i.e. particles below 100 nm, in the aerosol formation and in the human exposure. Two case studies will be presented and discussed on how the submicron particles can be determined and interpreted their role. In the first case, the measurements will be performed in downtown Rieti, city located in central Italy, 100 km North from Rome, with the scope to draw the behavior in relationship to the emission flexes. In the second scenario, the personal exposure of pedestrians will be investigated in Venafro, a small city located 150 km South-East Rome, by means of measuring PMx, total submicron fraction, different aerosol dimensional sizes in the range 5-360 nm along with the total Volatile Compounds. The different sources and contributions affecting the aerosol levels in the two areas will be investigated and extensively discussed as well as the role of the such particles in the aerosols science.
{"title":"The importance of measuring ultrafine particles in urban air quality monitoring in small cities","authors":"Ivan Notardonato, M. Manigrasso, L. Pierno, G. Settimo, C. Protano, M. Vitali, V. Mattei, S. Martellucci, Fiore di Cristina, Paolo Boccia, P. Avino","doi":"10.5937/gp23-24447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/gp23-24447","url":null,"abstract":"The air quality monitoring is based on the determination of some gaseous pollutants and PM10 and PM2.5. Recent studies have reported the importance of the determination aerosol fraction below 1 μm both for the dynamic of the airborne and for the public health issue. This paper would like to investigate the importance of this fraction in the air quality monitoring. Further, a particular focus will be devoted the role of the Ultrafine Particles, i.e. particles below 100 nm, in the aerosol formation and in the human exposure. Two case studies will be presented and discussed on how the submicron particles can be determined and interpreted their role. In the first case, the measurements will be performed in downtown Rieti, city located in central Italy, 100 km North from Rome, with the scope to draw the behavior in relationship to the emission flexes. In the second scenario, the personal exposure of pedestrians will be investigated in Venafro, a small city located 150 km South-East Rome, by means of measuring PMx, total submicron fraction, different aerosol dimensional sizes in the range 5-360 nm along with the total Volatile Compounds. The different sources and contributions affecting the aerosol levels in the two areas will be investigated and extensively discussed as well as the role of the such particles in the aerosols science.","PeriodicalId":44646,"journal":{"name":"Geographica Pannonica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71223897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ante Šiljeg, B. Cavrić, S. Šiljeg, Ivan Marić, Mirko Barada
The main objective of this paper was to discuss applications of GIS based multi-criteria decision analysis (GIS MCDA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). These two techniques were applied in order to assist preparation of the Tourism Management Plan, depicting the most suitable zones for ecotourism development in Dikgathlong Dam Lease Area (DDLA) as one of the largest resources of potable water in Botswana. The MCDA was based on geo-morphometric, hydrologic, landscape and community indicators and criteria which emanated from expert's opinions, intensive field survey and literature review. In addition the AHP has helped to calculate individual criteria weights and to point the degree of suitability zones classified as highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable and not suitable for ecotourism. After performing both processes and establishing broad management zones it has been found that the Sustainable Development Scenario is the most appropriate option as the future ecotourism development proposal. This research provides new methodology that can be incorporated into future tourism policies and management strategies.
{"title":"Land suitability zoning for ecotourism planning and development of Dikgatlhong Dam, Botswana","authors":"Ante Šiljeg, B. Cavrić, S. Šiljeg, Ivan Marić, Mirko Barada","doi":"10.5937/GP23-20633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GP23-20633","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this paper was to discuss applications of GIS based multi-criteria decision analysis (GIS MCDA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). These two techniques were applied in order to assist preparation of the Tourism Management Plan, depicting the most suitable zones for ecotourism development in Dikgathlong Dam Lease Area (DDLA) as one of the largest resources of potable water in Botswana. The MCDA was based on geo-morphometric, hydrologic, landscape and community indicators and criteria which emanated from expert's opinions, intensive field survey and literature review. In addition the AHP has helped to calculate individual criteria weights and to point the degree of suitability zones classified as highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable and not suitable for ecotourism. After performing both processes and establishing broad management zones it has been found that the Sustainable Development Scenario is the most appropriate option as the future ecotourism development proposal. This research provides new methodology that can be incorporated into future tourism policies and management strategies.","PeriodicalId":44646,"journal":{"name":"Geographica Pannonica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71223990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitigation of overheating in streets is an important task for urban planners and architects. Urban surfaces in streets, such as footways and façades, can contribute to increase overheating in cities, whereas the trees can help to decrease insolation. In this paper we created an algorithm to determine optimal distance between the trees in a street in order to mitigate façade and footway insolation. A parametric study for different street orientations and building geometries was therefore conducted for the hottest wave of the year for the corresponding location. The results show that different trees disposition can mitigate overheating of horizontal and vertical surfaces up to 7%. The algorithmic and parametric approach used in this paper can contribute to more precise urban design guidelines for comfortable streets.
{"title":"Optimizing trees distances in urban streets for insolation mitigation","authors":"I. Bajsanski, V. Stojaković, D. Milošević","doi":"10.5937/gp23-24242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/gp23-24242","url":null,"abstract":"Mitigation of overheating in streets is an important task for urban planners and architects. Urban surfaces in streets, such as footways and façades, can contribute to increase overheating in cities, whereas the trees can help to decrease insolation. In this paper we created an algorithm to determine optimal distance between the trees in a street in order to mitigate façade and footway insolation. A parametric study for different street orientations and building geometries was therefore conducted for the hottest wave of the year for the corresponding location. The results show that different trees disposition can mitigate overheating of horizontal and vertical surfaces up to 7%. The algorithmic and parametric approach used in this paper can contribute to more precise urban design guidelines for comfortable streets.","PeriodicalId":44646,"journal":{"name":"Geographica Pannonica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71224234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to analyse the thermal properties of natural and artificial urban surfaces and the impact of surface colours and shading. Measuring campaigns were conducted in spring and summer (2018–2019) in the district XI of Budapest to determine the surface temperature of various urban materials. The results show that the coolest surfaces are natural covers (water, vegetation), while the hottest surfaces are concrete pavements, asphalt and rubber paving when exposed to direct solar radiation. Moreover, among concrete pavements, light coloured surfaces warm up 5-6 °C less on average compared to dark coloured surfaces. The use of rubber paving may be disadvantageous from the urban climatological point of view, as these surfaces become extremely hot under sunny conditions.
{"title":"Analysis of surface temperature measurements over complex urban sites","authors":"Zsuzsanna Dezső, R. Pongrácz, J. Bartholy","doi":"10.5937/gp23-23844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/gp23-23844","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to analyse the thermal properties of natural and artificial urban surfaces and the impact of surface colours and shading. Measuring campaigns were conducted in spring and summer (2018–2019) in the district XI of Budapest to determine the surface temperature of various urban materials. The results show that the coolest surfaces are natural covers (water, vegetation), while the hottest surfaces are concrete pavements, asphalt and rubber paving when exposed to direct solar radiation. Moreover, among concrete pavements, light coloured surfaces warm up 5-6 °C less on average compared to dark coloured surfaces. The use of rubber paving may be disadvantageous from the urban climatological point of view, as these surfaces become extremely hot under sunny conditions.","PeriodicalId":44646,"journal":{"name":"Geographica Pannonica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71224312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Facebook is the most widely used SNS (Social Networking Sites) platform globally, and it represents an important marketing and communication channel for hotels. The dynamic and constantly changing nature requires continuous adaptation to changes and benchmarking in order to identify best practices. This paper investigates selected characteristics of Facebook pages (social media metrics) of all hotels in Serbia in national regional context. In the case of four explored regions of Serbia, the results indicate regional inconsistencies, with most notable differences within the number of page fans, temporal aspects of posts as well as user engagement. On the other hand, similarities are evident in some post characteristics such as type of post and post length, while a specific pattern can be observed concerning page fans country of origin. This paper contributes to the regional understanding of social media metrics that can help hotels when assessing their promotional activities.
{"title":"A subnational assessment of hotel social media metrics: The case of Serbia","authors":"Časlav Kalinić, Miroslav D. Vujičić","doi":"10.5937/GP23-19968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GP23-19968","url":null,"abstract":"Facebook is the most widely used SNS (Social Networking Sites) platform globally, and it represents an important marketing and communication channel for hotels. The dynamic and constantly changing nature requires continuous adaptation to changes and benchmarking in order to identify best practices. This paper investigates selected characteristics of Facebook pages (social media metrics) of all hotels in Serbia in national regional context. In the case of four explored regions of Serbia, the results indicate regional inconsistencies, with most notable differences within the number of page fans, temporal aspects of posts as well as user engagement. On the other hand, similarities are evident in some post characteristics such as type of post and post length, while a specific pattern can be observed concerning page fans country of origin. This paper contributes to the regional understanding of social media metrics that can help hotels when assessing their promotional activities.","PeriodicalId":44646,"journal":{"name":"Geographica Pannonica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71223874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Constant urban population growth and intensive urbanization lead to increased pressure on urban areas leading to uncomfortable living conditions. The quality of urban living conditions often depends on the thermal comfort of the open urban spaces, which are used on the daily basis. That is the reason why the attention towards outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) is increasing in the last decade among the researchers from different fields of expertise. In this article, the review of the outdoor thermal comfort research in urban areas of 11 countries of Central and Southeast Europe in the last decade (2010-2019). The main aim of the review is to give a comprehensive, systematic and complete insight in the current situation in the OTC research interest. The results of the review show increased but uneven interest in outdoor thermal comfort by the end of the research period in countries of the Central and Southeast Europe. In total, 120 articles on the topic of outdoor thermal comfort were identified in the research area. The most significant contribution to the urban outdoor thermal comfort research comes from Hungary, Serbia and Greece. Furthermore, five research objectives were identified: methodology improvement and development, climate sensitive and comfortable urban design and planning, citizens/pedestrian comfort and health assessment and improvement, tourism and health sector support and literature review.
{"title":"Outdoor thermal comfort research in urban areas of Central and Southeast Europe: A review","authors":"Jelena Dunjić","doi":"10.5937/gp23-24458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/gp23-24458","url":null,"abstract":"Constant urban population growth and intensive urbanization lead to increased pressure on urban areas leading to uncomfortable living conditions. The quality of urban living conditions often depends on the thermal comfort of the open urban spaces, which are used on the daily basis. That is the reason why the attention towards outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) is increasing in the last decade among the researchers from different fields of expertise. In this article, the review of the outdoor thermal comfort research in urban areas of 11 countries of Central and Southeast Europe in the last decade (2010-2019). The main aim of the review is to give a comprehensive, systematic and complete insight in the current situation in the OTC research interest. The results of the review show increased but uneven interest in outdoor thermal comfort by the end of the research period in countries of the Central and Southeast Europe. In total, 120 articles on the topic of outdoor thermal comfort were identified in the research area. The most significant contribution to the urban outdoor thermal comfort research comes from Hungary, Serbia and Greece. Furthermore, five research objectives were identified: methodology improvement and development, climate sensitive and comfortable urban design and planning, citizens/pedestrian comfort and health assessment and improvement, tourism and health sector support and literature review.","PeriodicalId":44646,"journal":{"name":"Geographica Pannonica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71223907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global cities are increasingly competing together in order to showcase themselves as the best destination for tourists, investors, and talented people. During the last four decades, there has been a growing interest in City branding. It takes place within a communication system that closely connects the overall city image and identity. Community leaders are more and more recognizing that there is a direct link between the city image and its attractiveness as a place to visit, live, invest, and study. Aimed at developing the theoretical framework of city branding, this research attempts to identify and explain the relationship between the variables affecting the city image as a paradigmatic model of city branding and sustainable urban development. Therefore, 35 peer-reviewed articles are initially selected from the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), through purposive sampling. Then, the collected data is analyzed in four stages using grounded theory. The results of this study indicate that the boosting of city image is a complex process that continuously and dynamically requires a meaningful combination of planning, actions, and stakeholders at various organizational levels.
{"title":"Boosting city image for creation of a certain city brand","authors":"Ahmadreza Shirvani-Dastgerdi, Giuseppe De-Luca","doi":"10.5937/GP23-20141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GP23-20141","url":null,"abstract":"Global cities are increasingly competing together in order to showcase themselves as the best destination for tourists, investors, and talented people. During the last four decades, there has been a growing interest in City branding. It takes place within a communication system that closely connects the overall city image and identity. Community leaders are more and more recognizing that there is a direct link between the city image and its attractiveness as a place to visit, live, invest, and study. Aimed at developing the theoretical framework of city branding, this research attempts to identify and explain the relationship between the variables affecting the city image as a paradigmatic model of city branding and sustainable urban development. Therefore, 35 peer-reviewed articles are initially selected from the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), through purposive sampling. Then, the collected data is analyzed in four stages using grounded theory. The results of this study indicate that the boosting of city image is a complex process that continuously and dynamically requires a meaningful combination of planning, actions, and stakeholders at various organizational levels.","PeriodicalId":44646,"journal":{"name":"Geographica Pannonica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71223921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mauricio Carvache-Franco, Orly Carvache-Franco, María Magdalena Solis-Radilla, Wilmer Carvache-Franco
In the literature on tourism and travel, there is a large number of studies on the perceived value, however, natural protected areas and its relationship with the profile of the tourist has been little investigated. Hence, the importance of posing the main objective, to evaluate the relationship between the perceived value with the satisfaction and loyalty of the visitors of Morro Mangroves Wildlife Refuge, Santay Island National Recreation Area and Samanes National Recreation Area, three vulnerable protected areas located in the province of Guayas in Ecuador. The study was conducted in situ with 382 surveys, finding that the perceived values that are related to satisfaction and loyalty were functional value and emotional value.
{"title":"The perceived value and profile of protected areas visitors: A case study of the Guayas province, Ecuador","authors":"Mauricio Carvache-Franco, Orly Carvache-Franco, María Magdalena Solis-Radilla, Wilmer Carvache-Franco","doi":"10.5937/GP23-20582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GP23-20582","url":null,"abstract":"In the literature on tourism and travel, there is a large number of studies on the perceived value, however, natural protected areas and its relationship with the profile of the tourist has been little investigated. Hence, the importance of posing the main objective, to evaluate the relationship between the perceived value with the satisfaction and loyalty of the visitors of Morro Mangroves Wildlife Refuge, Santay Island National Recreation Area and Samanes National Recreation Area, three vulnerable protected areas located in the province of Guayas in Ecuador. The study was conducted in situ with 382 surveys, finding that the perceived values that are related to satisfaction and loyalty were functional value and emotional value.","PeriodicalId":44646,"journal":{"name":"Geographica Pannonica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71223972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan Stojšić, Anđelija Ivkov-Džigurski, Olja Maričić
The rapid development of immersive technologies has opened up the possibilities for using augmented, mixed, and virtual reality in education. The theoretical part of this paper included a literature review of previous studies dealing with the use of augmented and virtual reality in geography teaching and learning. However, a question raised regarding the readiness of geography teachers to integrate mobile devices and use the advantages of immersive technologies in practice. Based on their digital competences and readiness to use mobile devices and other information and communication technologies in the teaching process four groups of geography teachers can be separated using cluster analysis. The clusters are: 1) Confident and innovative, 2) Traditional approach, 3) Optimistic but low-digitally skilled, and 4) Pessimistic but digitally skilled teachers. Teachers (particularly those in the first cluster) highly assessed the possibilities of using immersive technologies in practice (especially with the physical and regional geography teaching contents).
{"title":"The readiness of geography teachers to use mobile devices in the context of immersive technologies integration into the teaching process","authors":"Ivan Stojšić, Anđelija Ivkov-Džigurski, Olja Maričić","doi":"10.5937/GP23-20762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/GP23-20762","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of immersive technologies has opened up the possibilities for using augmented, mixed, and virtual reality in education. The theoretical part of this paper included a literature review of previous studies dealing with the use of augmented and virtual reality in geography teaching and learning. However, a question raised regarding the readiness of geography teachers to integrate mobile devices and use the advantages of immersive technologies in practice. Based on their digital competences and readiness to use mobile devices and other information and communication technologies in the teaching process four groups of geography teachers can be separated using cluster analysis. The clusters are: 1) Confident and innovative, 2) Traditional approach, 3) Optimistic but low-digitally skilled, and 4) Pessimistic but digitally skilled teachers. Teachers (particularly those in the first cluster) highly assessed the possibilities of using immersive technologies in practice (especially with the physical and regional geography teaching contents).","PeriodicalId":44646,"journal":{"name":"Geographica Pannonica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71224029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of a trend analysis of three climate elements: precipitation, cloudiness and humidity. Almost the entire period of instrumental measurements (precipitation and humidity) and visual observations (cloudiness) are covered. In the observed 68-year period (1951-2018), the trend of annual and seasonal precipitation amounts is insignificant. Though, there is a significant decrease in the number of days with precipitation ≥ 1 mm, which implies a movement towards more arid conditions. On the other hand, the number of days with extreme rainfall ≥ 40 and 50 mm is increasing. In Podgorica, the annual statistics of days with snow cover decreases as well. There is also a decrease in the relative humidity and cloudiness, and with both elements the trend is insignificant only in the autumn season. The results of the trend calculation show that the number of gloomy days is more intensively reduced than the number of increasing bright days. In general, the results of the research show that the climate of Podgorica tends to be more arid with more extreme weather events. The climate variations happening in this city are, to small amount, caused by the urbanization process. Podgorica has the character of an urban heat island in a cooler environment, with an average annual intensity of about 0.7°C and the highest in winter (about 0.8°C). The most symptomatic indicator of urbanization is temperature, but anthropogenic heat production in the city (asphalt, constructions, increase of aerosols, etc.) also affects other climate elements. Compared to the non-urban environment, Podgorica has a higher annual rainfall of 100 mm and a lower humidity of 3%, while this difference is not noticeable in the
{"title":"Precipitation, humidity and cloudiness in Podgorica (Montenegro) during the period 1951-2018","authors":"D. Burić, M. Doderović","doi":"10.5937/gp23-23582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/gp23-23582","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a trend analysis of three climate elements: precipitation, cloudiness and humidity. Almost the entire period of instrumental measurements (precipitation and humidity) and visual observations (cloudiness) are covered. In the observed 68-year period (1951-2018), the trend of annual and seasonal precipitation amounts is insignificant. Though, there is a significant decrease in the number of days with precipitation ≥ 1 mm, which implies a movement towards more arid conditions. On the other hand, the number of days with extreme rainfall ≥ 40 and 50 mm is increasing. In Podgorica, the annual statistics of days with snow cover decreases as well. There is also a decrease in the relative humidity and cloudiness, and with both elements the trend is insignificant only in the autumn season. The results of the trend calculation show that the number of gloomy days is more intensively reduced than the number of increasing bright days. In general, the results of the research show that the climate of Podgorica tends to be more arid with more extreme weather events. The climate variations happening in this city are, to small amount, caused by the urbanization process. Podgorica has the character of an urban heat island in a cooler environment, with an average annual intensity of about 0.7°C and the highest in winter (about 0.8°C). The most symptomatic indicator of urbanization is temperature, but anthropogenic heat production in the city (asphalt, constructions, increase of aerosols, etc.) also affects other climate elements. Compared to the non-urban environment, Podgorica has a higher annual rainfall of 100 mm and a lower humidity of 3%, while this difference is not noticeable in the","PeriodicalId":44646,"journal":{"name":"Geographica Pannonica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71224169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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