A Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis in n-dimensions was used to describe a potential temperature distribution in the bottom layer of the fracture zones of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 7–8°N. This analysis was based on a new digital terrain model obtained by supplementing the STRM15+ bathymetry data with multibeam echo sounding data from the 33rd cruise of the research vessel Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov (2016) and oceanological data from the World Ocean Database, supplemented with CTD profiles and reversing thermometer data measured in scientific cruises of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences in 2014–2016. A 2D model of near-bottom potential temperature distribution in the study area was calculated based on the analysis. The model allows us to propose the Antarctic Bottom Water propagation pattern through the Doldrums, Vernadsky, and Pushcharovsky fracture zones. It is shown that bottom water warms up when passing fracture zones from 1.4°C in Pushcharovsky Fracture Zone up to 1.6–1.7°C in Vernadsky Fracture Zone. Bottom water from Pushcharovsky and Vernadsky fractures propagates in two directions. Northernly, it propagates to the Doldrums Fracture Zone, where its temperature reaches about 1.9–2.0°C. Easterly, it flows along Pushcharovsky Fracture Zone and raising the temperature up to 1.8–2.0°C. We propose the absence of Antarctic Bottom Water's overflow with a temperature less than 1.8°C to the East Atlantic in the study area.
{"title":"On spreading of Antarctic Bottom Water in fracture zones of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 7–8°N","authors":"I. Dudkov, M. Kapustina, V. Sivkov","doi":"10.2205/2022es000783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2022es000783","url":null,"abstract":"A Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis in n-dimensions was used to describe a potential temperature distribution in the bottom layer of the fracture zones of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 7–8°N. This analysis was based on a new digital terrain model obtained by supplementing the STRM15+ bathymetry data with multibeam echo sounding data from the 33rd cruise of the research vessel \u0000Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov (2016) and oceanological data from the World Ocean Database, supplemented with CTD profiles and reversing thermometer data measured in scientific cruises of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences in 2014–2016. A 2D model of near-bottom potential temperature distribution in the study area was calculated based on the analysis. The model allows us to propose the Antarctic Bottom Water propagation pattern through the Doldrums, Vernadsky, and Pushcharovsky fracture zones. It is shown that bottom water warms up when passing fracture zones from 1.4°C in Pushcharovsky Fracture Zone up to 1.6–1.7°C in Vernadsky Fracture Zone. Bottom water from Pushcharovsky and Vernadsky fractures propagates in two directions. Northernly, it propagates to the Doldrums Fracture Zone, where its temperature reaches about 1.9–2.0°C. Easterly, it flows along Pushcharovsky Fracture Zone and raising the temperature up to 1.8–2.0°C. We propose the absence of Antarctic Bottom Water's overflow with a temperature less than 1.8°C to the East Atlantic in the study area.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87870868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human activity has a profound effect on relief. Therefore, it is crucial to study the anthropogenic relief transformation. The field of study is relatively young, although rapidly developing. This work outlines the influence of human activity on the relief. A vital point of the work was to identify the differences in the influence on morphogenesis by varying types of land use. Norilsk mining district was chosen as a~study area because of its intensive and complex human activities, vast mineral resources, and a large population, which implies an extensive anthropogenic transformation of the area. As a result of the research, land use types with the most profound influence on relief have been identified. Moreover, both the direct and indirect effects on morphogenesis, as well as the resulting processes, have been outlined.
{"title":"The influence of land use on the spectrum of landform transformations (a case study of the Russian Arctic)","authors":"G. Kazhukalo, E. Eremenko","doi":"10.2205/2022es01si03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2022es01si03","url":null,"abstract":"Human activity has a profound effect on relief. Therefore, it is crucial to study the anthropogenic relief transformation. The field of study is relatively young, although rapidly developing. This work outlines the influence of human activity on the relief. A vital point of the work was to identify the differences in the influence on morphogenesis by varying types of land use. Norilsk mining district was chosen as a~study area because of its intensive and complex human activities, vast mineral resources, and a large population, which implies an extensive anthropogenic transformation of the area. As a result of the research, land use types with the most profound influence on relief have been identified. Moreover, both the direct and indirect effects on morphogenesis, as well as the resulting processes, have been outlined.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79129141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is devoted to a special issue of the Russian Journal of Geosciences, which is dedicated to the VI International Scientific and Practical Conference "Fundamental and Applied Aspects of geology, geophysics and geoecology using modern information technologies" 2021 at Maikop State Technological University (Maikop, Republic of Adygea) consisting of "The Year of Science and Technology in Russia". The scientific forum is traditionally held once a two years and is of great interest to scientific community.
{"title":"Preface to Special Issue \"Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Geology, Geophysics and Geoecology\"","authors":"S. Kuizheva, M. Bedanokov, S. Lebedev","doi":"10.2205/2022es01si00","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2022es01si00","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to a special issue of the Russian Journal of Geosciences, which is dedicated to the VI International Scientific and Practical Conference \"Fundamental and Applied Aspects of geology, geophysics and geoecology using modern information technologies\" 2021 at Maikop State Technological University (Maikop, Republic of Adygea) consisting of \"The Year of Science and Technology in Russia\". The scientific forum is traditionally held once a two years and is of great interest to scientific community.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91375965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the impressive list of examples of the integration of pattern recognition theory into various activities in the development of oil and gas fields, the authors propose a fundamentally new approach to the use of artificial intelligence. The paper considers in detail the algorithm for searching for extremity zones, based on discrete mathematical analysis (DMA), as applied to the problem of identifying geological hazards. The application of the method is shown on models of the physical properties of rocks reconstructed from seismic data. Potentially, it can also be applied directly to the wave seismic field to identify objects.
{"title":"Search for extremity zones with discrete mathematical analysis algorithms to identify risks when drilling based on geophysical data","authors":"S. Bogoutdinov, Anastasiya Odintsova, A. Pirogova","doi":"10.2205/2022es000796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2022es000796","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the impressive list of examples of the integration of pattern recognition theory into various activities in the development of oil and gas fields, the authors propose a fundamentally new approach to the use of artificial intelligence. The paper considers in detail the algorithm for searching for extremity zones, based on discrete mathematical analysis (DMA), as applied to the problem of identifying geological hazards. The application of the method is shown on models of the physical properties of rocks reconstructed from seismic data. Potentially, it can also be applied directly to the wave seismic field to identify objects.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90797203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Drozd, I. Repina, A. Gavrikov, V. Stepanenko, A. Artamonov, A. Pashkin, A. Varentsov
A new 21-meter eddy covariance tower is installed in the Meteorological observatory of Moscow State University in November 2019. It includes 3 levels with METEK sonic anemometers. The mast is located inside the urban area and makes it possible to analyze the structure of atmospheric turbulence in a heterogeneous urban condition. The measurement data from November 2019 to May 2020 are processed. Turbulent fluctuations of the wind velocity components are found to increase with height within 20 meters above the surface. The turbulent kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the averaged horizontal wind speed. The drag coefficient is determined by the type of footprint surface, with a value of 0.08 and 0.05 for urbanized and vegetated surfaces, respectively. The "turbulent flux of heat flux" is reasonably well predicted by diagnostic relation with heat flux, skewness and standard deviation of vertical speed, suggesting significant contribution of coherent structures to turbulent fluxes. The daily amplitude of the temperature variance increases with the daily amplitude of the average temperature. The paper considers the conditions for the applicability of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory to the calculation of turbulent fluxes over a heterogeneous urban landscape.
{"title":"Atmospheric turbulence structure above urban nonhomogeneous surface","authors":"I. Drozd, I. Repina, A. Gavrikov, V. Stepanenko, A. Artamonov, A. Pashkin, A. Varentsov","doi":"10.2205/2022es01si11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2022es01si11","url":null,"abstract":"A new 21-meter eddy covariance tower is installed in the Meteorological observatory of Moscow State University in November 2019. It includes 3 levels with METEK sonic anemometers. The mast is located inside the urban area and makes it possible to analyze the structure of atmospheric turbulence in a heterogeneous urban condition. The measurement data from November 2019 to May 2020 are processed. Turbulent fluctuations of the wind velocity components are found to increase with height within 20 meters above the surface. The turbulent kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the averaged horizontal wind speed. The drag coefficient is determined by the type of footprint surface, with a value of 0.08 and 0.05 for urbanized and vegetated surfaces, respectively. The \"turbulent flux of heat flux\" is reasonably well predicted by diagnostic relation with heat flux, skewness and standard deviation of vertical speed, suggesting significant contribution of coherent structures to turbulent fluxes. The daily amplitude of the temperature variance increases with the daily amplitude of the average temperature. The paper considers the conditions for the applicability of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory to the calculation of turbulent fluxes over a heterogeneous urban landscape.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87121564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are three species of the genus Cephalanthera in the Republic of Adygea. All species are rare and listed in the Red Book of the Republic. They grow in forests of various types at altitudes from 209 m to 1724 m above sea level. The review provides a brief morphological description and some features of biology and ecology. Special attention is paid to identifying the locations of species, their phytocenotic association, analyzing the ontogenetic structure of cenopopulations and assessing their condition. Limiting factors were identified and possible ways of preserving the cenopopulation diversity of species were recommended.
{"title":"Distribution, ecological and biological features and the state of cenopopulations of species of the genus Cephalanthera Rich. (Republic of Adygea)","authors":"E. Sirotyuk, G. Gunina, V. Khiryanov","doi":"10.2205/2022es01si10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2022es01si10","url":null,"abstract":"There are three species of the genus Cephalanthera in the Republic of Adygea. All species are rare and listed in the Red Book of the Republic. They grow in forests of various types at altitudes from 209 m to 1724 m above sea level. The review provides a brief morphological description and some features of biology and ecology. Special attention is paid to identifying the locations of species, their phytocenotic association, analyzing the ontogenetic structure of cenopopulations and assessing their condition. Limiting factors were identified and possible ways of preserving the cenopopulation diversity of species were recommended.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"88 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84053336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of digitalization of all aspects of the surrounding world, data is becoming particularly relevant as one of the most valuable resources. The concept of "big data" means a huge amount of information, the size of which is too large, or it is created too quickly or has a structuring that does not allow it to be processed using traditional data management systems. Currently, large amounts of data and analytics are increasingly used by government agencies, non-governmental organizations and private companies in the field of environmental protection. The range of practical use of this technology is quite wide: from improving energy efficiency, tracking climate change over long periods of time, monitoring water quality, and ending with the promotion of environmental justice. This article describes several extremely promising applications of large data sets and their analytics, which can help achieve the goals of environmental protection and sustainable development, provide environmental benefits, help research on the environment, its conservation and protection. The widespread adoption of big data processing solutions allows us to illustrate the range of initiatives and approaches to reduce the environmental burden used by government agencies, non-governmental organizations and private companies.
{"title":"Using Big Data Technology to Protect the Environment","authors":"V. Dovgal, S. Kuizheva","doi":"10.2205/2022es01si02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2022es01si02","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of digitalization of all aspects of the surrounding world, data is becoming particularly relevant as one of the most valuable resources. The concept of \"big data\" means a huge amount of information, the size of which is too large, or it is created too quickly or has a structuring that does not allow it to be processed using traditional data management systems. Currently, large amounts of data and analytics are increasingly used by government agencies, non-governmental organizations and private companies in the field of environmental protection. The range of practical use of this technology is quite wide: from improving energy efficiency, tracking climate change over long periods of time, monitoring water quality, and ending with the promotion of environmental justice. This article describes several extremely promising applications of large data sets and their analytics, which can help achieve the goals of environmental protection and sustainable development, provide environmental benefits, help research on the environment, its conservation and protection. The widespread adoption of big data processing solutions allows us to illustrate the range of initiatives and approaches to reduce the environmental burden used by government agencies, non-governmental organizations and private companies.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86819490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The two-dimensional thermoelastic model of the Carpathian region is constructed using the finite element method. The physical-mathematical model is as close as possible to the real environment. A~high-precision detailed distribution of temperatures, heat flow, thermoelastic stresses and displacements is obtained. It is shown that inhomogeneous heating of rocks and structural heterogeneities lead to significant changes in stress and displacement fields in the Carpathian region.
{"title":"The mathematical model of thermoelastic stresses in the Carpathian region","authors":"Natalia A. Bakhova","doi":"10.2205/2022es01si01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2022es01si01","url":null,"abstract":"The two-dimensional thermoelastic model of the Carpathian region is constructed using the finite element method. The physical-mathematical model is as close as possible to the real environment. A~high-precision detailed distribution of temperatures, heat flow, thermoelastic stresses and displacements is obtained. It is shown that inhomogeneous heating of rocks and structural heterogeneities lead to significant changes in stress and displacement fields in the Carpathian region.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85758149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper is concerned with the analysis of the simulated stress-strain state (SS) parameters of the earth's crust over the four-year period preceding the M7.1 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake in Southern California. SS parameters have been calculated using a detailed geomechanical model, taking into account an ongoing weak seismicity catalog data. Cyclic patterns are identified in the observed shear strain anomalies, with estimation of their spatial and temporal characteristics, and an attempt is made to track the influence of the local displacement direction and periodic migration of shear strain anomalies in the upper crust on the earthquake preparation. Finally, we discuss the role of the observed regularities in terms of existing models describing the earthquake preparation process.
{"title":"Features of the modelled stress-strain state dynamics prior to the M7.1 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake in Southern California","authors":"V. Bondur, M. Gokhberg, I. Garagash, D. Alekseev","doi":"10.2205/2022es000798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2022es000798","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is concerned with the analysis of the simulated stress-strain state (SS) parameters of the earth's crust over the four-year period preceding the M7.1 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake in Southern California. SS parameters have been calculated using a detailed geomechanical model, taking into account an ongoing weak seismicity catalog data. Cyclic patterns are identified in the observed shear strain anomalies, with estimation of their spatial and temporal characteristics, and an attempt is made to track the influence of the local displacement direction and periodic migration of shear strain anomalies in the upper crust on the earthquake preparation. Finally, we discuss the role of the observed regularities in terms of existing models describing the earthquake preparation process.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80325821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The complex study of the bottom sediments and near-bottom water layer of the Gdansk Deep revealed the Ca maximum anomaly, marking the discharge of the Oxford-Titonian aquifer. The discharge zone is associated with gas-saturated sediments, which is caused by a common pathway of aqueous and gaseous fluids upraise along tectonic faults. The detailed survey of a seabed topography and acoustic survey of the sediments upper layer helped to specify the area of gas-saturated sediments and the size of the pockmarks.
{"title":"Morphological and chemical features of submarine groundwater discharge zones in the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea","authors":"A. Krek, A. Danchenkov, G. Mikhnevich","doi":"10.2205/2022es000776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2205/2022es000776","url":null,"abstract":"The complex study of the bottom sediments and near-bottom water layer of the Gdansk Deep revealed the Ca maximum anomaly, marking the discharge of the Oxford-Titonian aquifer. The discharge zone is associated with gas-saturated sediments, which is caused by a common pathway of aqueous and gaseous fluids upraise along tectonic faults. The detailed survey of a seabed topography and acoustic survey of the sediments upper layer helped to specify the area of gas-saturated sediments and the size of the pockmarks.","PeriodicalId":44680,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77854129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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