This paper shows how Danish administrative register data can be combined with survey data at the person level and be used to validate information collected in the survey. Register data are collected by automatic third party reporting and the potential errors associated with the two data sources are therefore plausibly orthogonal. Two examples are given to illustrate the potential of combining survey and register data. In the first example expenditure survey records with information about total expenditure are merged with income tax records holding information about income and wealth. Income and wealth data are used to impute total expenditure which is then compared to the survey measure. Results suggest that the two measures match each other well on average. In the second example we compare responses to a one-shot recall question about total gross personal income (collected in another survey) with tax records. Tax records hold detailed information about different types of income and this makes it possible to test if errors in the survey response are related to the reporting of particular types of income. Results show bias in the mean and that the survey error has substantial variance. Results also show that the errors are correlated with conventional covariates suggesting that the errors are not of the classical type. The latter example illustrates how Denmark can be used as a "laboratory" for future validation studies. Tax records with detailed information about different types of income are available for the entire Danish population and can be readily merged to survey data. This makes it possible to test the ability of respondents to accurately report different types of income using different interviewing techniques and questions. The examples presented in this paper are based on cross section data. However, the possibility to issue surveys repeatedly to the same persons and linking up to longitudinal tax records provides an opportunity to learn more about the time series properties of measurement errors, a subject about which little evidence exist, in the future.
{"title":"Measuring the Accuracy of Survey Responses Using Administrative Register Data: Evidence from Denmark","authors":"C. Kreiner, D. Lassen, Søren Leth-Petersen","doi":"10.3386/W19539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W19539","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows how Danish administrative register data can be combined with survey data at the person level and be used to validate information collected in the survey. Register data are collected by automatic third party reporting and the potential errors associated with the two data sources are therefore plausibly orthogonal. Two examples are given to illustrate the potential of combining survey and register data. In the first example expenditure survey records with information about total expenditure are merged with income tax records holding information about income and wealth. Income and wealth data are used to impute total expenditure which is then compared to the survey measure. Results suggest that the two measures match each other well on average. In the second example we compare responses to a one-shot recall question about total gross personal income (collected in another survey) with tax records. Tax records hold detailed information about different types of income and this makes it possible to test if errors in the survey response are related to the reporting of particular types of income. Results show bias in the mean and that the survey error has substantial variance. Results also show that the errors are correlated with conventional covariates suggesting that the errors are not of the classical type. The latter example illustrates how Denmark can be used as a \"laboratory\" for future validation studies. Tax records with detailed information about different types of income are available for the entire Danish population and can be readily merged to survey data. This makes it possible to test the ability of respondents to accurately report different types of income using different interviewing techniques and questions. The examples presented in this paper are based on cross section data. However, the possibility to issue surveys repeatedly to the same persons and linking up to longitudinal tax records provides an opportunity to learn more about the time series properties of measurement errors, a subject about which little evidence exist, in the future.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128835224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we analyze data from surveys conducted in 2006 and 2010, tracking changes in awareness, engagement and attitudes surrounding emerging digital cultural forms over this 5-year period. Our analysis, based on results from thousands of adults around the globe, shows that not only have remixes, mashups and other forms of "configurable culture" become mainstream phenomena, but also that the attitudes surrounding their cultural legitimacy are shifting. While copyright industries still promote a binary theft/permission framework, many people acknowledge the validity of some appropriation, and are actively negotiating the law's limitations. Yet, those most engaged in challenging dominant copyright narratives and exploring these emergent forms are those who hold the reins of cultural power: the young, educated and wealthy.
{"title":"Tracking Configurable Culture from the Margins to the Mainstream","authors":"Aram Sinnreich, Mark Latonero","doi":"10.1111/jcc4.12073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12073","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we analyze data from surveys conducted in 2006 and 2010, tracking changes in awareness, engagement and attitudes surrounding emerging digital cultural forms over this 5-year period. Our analysis, based on results from thousands of adults around the globe, shows that not only have remixes, mashups and other forms of \"configurable culture\" become mainstream phenomena, but also that the attitudes surrounding their cultural legitimacy are shifting. While copyright industries still promote a binary theft/permission framework, many people acknowledge the validity of some appropriation, and are actively negotiating the law's limitations. Yet, those most engaged in challenging dominant copyright narratives and exploring these emergent forms are those who hold the reins of cultural power: the young, educated and wealthy.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124398990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report presents findings from a 2010 national survey of local governments on transparency and information dissemination, public participation, and technology use and its effects, as part of a long-term research study interested in understanding the relationships between technology and civic engagement in local governments sponsored by Institute for Policy and Civic Engagement at University of Illinois at Chicago. The survey was administered to government managers in 500 local governments with citizen populations ranging from 25,000 to 250,000. For each city, lead managers were identified in each of the following five departments: general city management, community development, finance, police, and parks and recreation. A total of 902 responses were received for a final response rate of 37.9%. This report draws from the statistical analysis of the survey data, and is organized into three sections: Transparency and Information Dissemination, Public Participation, and Technology Use.
{"title":"Transparency, Civic Engagement, and Technology Use in Local Government Agencies: Findings from a National Survey","authors":"Mary K. Feeney, E. Welch, Meg Haller","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3069957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3069957","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents findings from a 2010 national survey of local governments on transparency and information dissemination, public participation, and technology use and its effects, as part of a long-term research study interested in understanding the relationships between technology and civic engagement in local governments sponsored by Institute for Policy and Civic Engagement at University of Illinois at Chicago. The survey was administered to government managers in 500 local governments with citizen populations ranging from 25,000 to 250,000. For each city, lead managers were identified in each of the following five departments: general city management, community development, finance, police, and parks and recreation. A total of 902 responses were received for a final response rate of 37.9%. This report draws from the statistical analysis of the survey data, and is organized into three sections: Transparency and Information Dissemination, Public Participation, and Technology Use.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127858604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nonrandom sampling schemes are often used in program evaluation settings to improve the quality of inference. This paper considers what we call treatment-based sampling, a type of standard stratified sampling where part of the strata are based on treatment status. This paper establishes semiparametric efficiency bounds for estimators of weighted average treatment effects and average treatment effects on the treated. This paper finds that adapting the efficient estimators of Hirano, Imbens, and Ridder (2003) to treatment-based sampling does not always lead to an efficient estimator. This paper proposes efficient estimators that involve a different form of propensity score-weighting. Finally, this paper establishes an optimal design of treatment-based sampling that minimizes the semiparametric efficiency bound over the sampling designs.
{"title":"Efficient Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Under Treatment-Based Sampling, Second Version","authors":"Kyungchul Song","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1617262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1617262","url":null,"abstract":"Nonrandom sampling schemes are often used in program evaluation settings to improve the quality of inference. This paper considers what we call treatment-based sampling, a type of standard stratified sampling where part of the strata are based on treatment status. This paper establishes semiparametric efficiency bounds for estimators of weighted average treatment effects and average treatment effects on the treated. This paper finds that adapting the efficient estimators of Hirano, Imbens, and Ridder (2003) to treatment-based sampling does not always lead to an efficient estimator. This paper proposes efficient estimators that involve a different form of propensity score-weighting. Finally, this paper establishes an optimal design of treatment-based sampling that minimizes the semiparametric efficiency bound over the sampling designs.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"21 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120989088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to investigate whether outsourcing activities in east China are associated with a theoretical framework derived from the literature. By the methodology of Statistics Package for the Social Science (SPSS), the results of survey indicate that outsourcing will be more extensively practiced in the future, the principal outsourcing motivations are to reduce costs and focus on core businesses. The purchasing outsourcing has the largest correlation coefficients with short-term contract, the total outsourcing has a significant correlation coefficient with long-term contract at the level of α=0.05. The findings indicate that high service quality and mutual trust are the main criteria for selecting outsourcing vendors. However, it is found that outsourcing satisfaction is generally low. The main benefits of outsourcing are to reduce cost, concentrate on core businesses and improve the service quality, while the main problems with outsourcing are legal disputes, disclosure of commercial secrets and conflicts with vendors.
{"title":"A Survey and Analysis of Outsourcing in East China","authors":"T. Fan, L. Sandal, J. Kong, Dandan Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1409674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1409674","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to investigate whether outsourcing activities in east China are associated with a theoretical framework derived from the literature. By the methodology of Statistics Package for the Social Science (SPSS), the results of survey indicate that outsourcing will be more extensively practiced in the future, the principal outsourcing motivations are to reduce costs and focus on core businesses. The purchasing outsourcing has the largest correlation coefficients with short-term contract, the total outsourcing has a significant correlation coefficient with long-term contract at the level of α=0.05. The findings indicate that high service quality and mutual trust are the main criteria for selecting outsourcing vendors. However, it is found that outsourcing satisfaction is generally low. The main benefits of outsourcing are to reduce cost, concentrate on core businesses and improve the service quality, while the main problems with outsourcing are legal disputes, disclosure of commercial secrets and conflicts with vendors.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131375605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carsten Sauer, Katrin Auspurg, Thomas Hinz, S. Liebig, J. Schupp
In the 2008 Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) Pretest, the factorial survey method was tested for the first time for use in the SOEP longitudinal study. In this paper, we describe the construction and application of the vignette module, which has its origins in the field of justice research and is used in particular in the measurement of income justice. We show that the factorial survey method is applicable in large-scale survey research when taking certain constraints into account, and that respondents of varying ages and educational groups are able to deal sufficiently well with answering the questions. The results obtained suggest that older respondents tend to take fewer dimensions into consideration in forming their opinions. Further studies will be needed to determine whether this is evidence that the evaluation tasks were too complex for these respondents and should thus be interpreted as a method effect, or whether it represents a valid substantive result. The results of the study demonstrate convincingly that alongside occupation, education, and performance - factors relating directly to employment - familial aspects such as civil status, the partner's employment status, and number of children constitute important criteria for determining what constitutes a "fair" income. The factor survey in the 2008 SOEP Pretest offers diverse analytical potential, both from a methodological point of view and in terms of the empirical results obtained. The positive experience with the 2008 SOEP Pretest suggests that the SOEP vignette module can be used effectively in a future wave of the main SOEP survey. Im Pretest 2008 wurde erstmals fur die Langsschnittstudie Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP) die Erhebungsmethode des Faktoriellen Surveys erprobt. Es werden Aufbau und die Umsetzung des Vignettenmoduls beschrieben, das inhaltlich auf dem Gebiet der empirischen Gerechtigkeitsforschung, speziell Messung von Einkommensgerechtigkeit, angesiedeltist. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Faktorielle Survey bei Beachtung einiger Randbedingungen auch in der grosflachigen Umfrageforschung einsetzbar ist und Befragte verschiedener Alters- und Bildungsgruppen mit der Beantwortung hinreichend gut zurecht kommen. Die erzielten Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass vor allem altere Befragte weniger Dimensionenzu Beurteilung heranziehen. Ob dies als Hinweis fur eine fur diese Befragten zu komplexe Urteilsaufgabe und damit einen methodischer Effekt zu deuten ist, oder aber ein inhaltlich valides Ergebnis darstellt, ware in kunftigen Studien zu klaren. Die inhaltlichen Ergebnisse zeigen beispielhaft, dass neben dem Beruf, der Ausbildung und der Leistung - also Faktoren die im direkten Bezug zur Erwerbstatigkeit stehen -ebenso familiare Aspekte, wie der Familienstand, die Erwerbstatigkeit des Partners und die Anzahl der Kinder relevante Kriterien fur die Einkommensgerechtigkeit darstellen. Der Faktorielle Survey im SOEP Pretest 2008 bietet sowohl in methodischer als auch inhaltlicher
在2008年社会经济面板研究(SOEP)预测试中，因子调查方法首次在SOEP纵向研究中得到检验。在本文中，我们描述了小插曲模块的构建和应用，它起源于司法研究领域，特别是用于衡量收入正义。我们表明，当考虑到一定的约束条件时，析因调查方法适用于大规模调查研究，并且不同年龄和教育群体的受访者能够很好地处理回答问题。研究结果表明，年龄较大的受访者在形成自己的观点时，往往会考虑较少的维度。需要进行进一步的研究，以确定这是否证明评价任务对这些答复者来说过于复杂，因此应被解释为一种方法效应，或者它是否代表一种有效的实质性结果。研究结果令人信服地表明，除了职业、教育和业绩——这些与就业直接相关的因素——家庭方面，如公民身份、伴侣的就业状况和子女数量，都是决定“公平”收入的重要标准。2008年SOEP预测试中的因子调查提供了不同的分析潜力，无论是从方法学的角度来看，还是从获得的实证结果来看。2008年SOEP预测试的积极经验表明，SOEP小插曲模块可以在未来的主要SOEP调查浪潮中有效地使用。2008年前期研究中，社会经济研究小组(SOEP)的研究结果表明，二合邦的调查方法存在误差。他说:“我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说，我是说。”他说:“我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是。”2 . Die erzielten Ergebnisse dedeten daraufhen, dass vorallem altbefragte weniger Dimensionenzu Beurteilung heranziehen。研究结果表明:“我们的研究结果表明，我们的研究结果是有效的。我们的研究结果表明，我们的研究结果是有效的。”Die inhaltlichen Ergebnisse zeigen beispielhaft, dass neben dem Beruf, der Ausbildung and der Leistung -也就是Faktoren Die im direckten Bezug zur Erwerbstatigkeit steen -ebenso familie Aspekte, wie der familie, Die Erwerbstatigkeit des Partners和Die Anzahl der Kinder relante kriteren fur Die Einkommensgerechtigkeit darsteellen。2008年SOEP预测中的Faktorielle调查结果表明，在方法上，作者还采用了一种新的分析方法。[2] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [2]
{"title":"Assessing Income: Methodological and Empirical Findings from a Vignette Study Conducted as Part of the 2008 SOEP Pretest (Die Bewertung von Erwerbseinkommen - Methodische und inhaltliche Analysen zu einer Vignettenstudie im Rahmen des SOEP-Pretest 2008)","authors":"Carsten Sauer, Katrin Auspurg, Thomas Hinz, S. Liebig, J. Schupp","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1413792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1413792","url":null,"abstract":"In the 2008 Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) Pretest, the factorial survey method was tested for the first time for use in the SOEP longitudinal study. In this paper, we describe the construction and application of the vignette module, which has its origins in the field of justice research and is used in particular in the measurement of income justice. We show that the factorial survey method is applicable in large-scale survey research when taking certain constraints into account, and that respondents of varying ages and educational groups are able to deal sufficiently well with answering the questions. The results obtained suggest that older respondents tend to take fewer dimensions into consideration in forming their opinions. Further studies will be needed to determine whether this is evidence that the evaluation tasks were too complex for these respondents and should thus be interpreted as a method effect, or whether it represents a valid substantive result. The results of the study demonstrate convincingly that alongside occupation, education, and performance - factors relating directly to employment - familial aspects such as civil status, the partner's employment status, and number of children constitute important criteria for determining what constitutes a \"fair\" income. The factor survey in the 2008 SOEP Pretest offers diverse analytical potential, both from a methodological point of view and in terms of the empirical results obtained. The positive experience with the 2008 SOEP Pretest suggests that the SOEP vignette module can be used effectively in a future wave of the main SOEP survey. Im Pretest 2008 wurde erstmals fur die Langsschnittstudie Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP) die Erhebungsmethode des Faktoriellen Surveys erprobt. Es werden Aufbau und die Umsetzung des Vignettenmoduls beschrieben, das inhaltlich auf dem Gebiet der empirischen Gerechtigkeitsforschung, speziell Messung von Einkommensgerechtigkeit, angesiedeltist. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Faktorielle Survey bei Beachtung einiger Randbedingungen auch in der grosflachigen Umfrageforschung einsetzbar ist und Befragte verschiedener Alters- und Bildungsgruppen mit der Beantwortung hinreichend gut zurecht kommen. Die erzielten Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass vor allem altere Befragte weniger Dimensionenzu Beurteilung heranziehen. Ob dies als Hinweis fur eine fur diese Befragten zu komplexe Urteilsaufgabe und damit einen methodischer Effekt zu deuten ist, oder aber ein inhaltlich valides Ergebnis darstellt, ware in kunftigen Studien zu klaren. Die inhaltlichen Ergebnisse zeigen beispielhaft, dass neben dem Beruf, der Ausbildung und der Leistung - also Faktoren die im direkten Bezug zur Erwerbstatigkeit stehen -ebenso familiare Aspekte, wie der Familienstand, die Erwerbstatigkeit des Partners und die Anzahl der Kinder relevante Kriterien fur die Einkommensgerechtigkeit darstellen. Der Faktorielle Survey im SOEP Pretest 2008 bietet sowohl in methodischer als auch inhaltlicher","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129128872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past few decades, risks associated with providing for financial security in retirement have increasingly shifted from employers to employees as employer-provided pensions have shifted from defined-benefit to defined-contribution (DC) plans. Recent work in behavioral finance suggests that investors do not make optimal investment decisions in their DC plans. The authors designed and administered a pair of mutual fund choice experiments to over 1000 survey respondents who participate in the RAND American Life Panel. Their analysis sheds light on the question of how mutual fund investors respond to variation in fees in a hypothetical scenario in which fees should be obvious to the investor. The results show that some aspects of individual behavior are consistent with rational wealth-maximization and the majority of the respondents are able to provide estimates of fees that lie within a benchmark range. However, they find that respondents tend not to minimize expected fees and are more averse to backend load fees than to front-end loads. The trade-off between expense ratios and loads is found to be somewhat sensitive to the expected holding period in a manner consistent with expected-wealth maximization, but investors may tend to be too averse to loads. Differences in measured financial literacy predict differences in behavior, with lower rates of literacy among women accounting for differences in choice behavior by gender. They also find that financial literacy mediates individual responses to the presentation of information intended to enhance decision making.
{"title":"How do Mutual Fund Fees Affect Investor Choices?: Evidence from Survey Experiments","authors":"J. Dominitz, Angela A. Hung, J. Yoong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1335493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1335493","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, risks associated with providing for financial security in retirement have increasingly shifted from employers to employees as employer-provided pensions have shifted from defined-benefit to defined-contribution (DC) plans. Recent work in behavioral finance suggests that investors do not make optimal investment decisions in their DC plans. The authors designed and administered a pair of mutual fund choice experiments to over 1000 survey respondents who participate in the RAND American Life Panel. Their analysis sheds light on the question of how mutual fund investors respond to variation in fees in a hypothetical scenario in which fees should be obvious to the investor. The results show that some aspects of individual behavior are consistent with rational wealth-maximization and the majority of the respondents are able to provide estimates of fees that lie within a benchmark range. However, they find that respondents tend not to minimize expected fees and are more averse to backend load fees than to front-end loads. The trade-off between expense ratios and loads is found to be somewhat sensitive to the expected holding period in a manner consistent with expected-wealth maximization, but investors may tend to be too averse to loads. Differences in measured financial literacy predict differences in behavior, with lower rates of literacy among women accounting for differences in choice behavior by gender. They also find that financial literacy mediates individual responses to the presentation of information intended to enhance decision making.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116186225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the main government and private data sources currently available or under construction for research on small business and entrepreneurship. It also provides a listing of resources researchers can use to gain more information about each data set. Of particular importance are new longitudinal data sets created by the Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics, which allow for the study of business entry and exit (which is especially relevant to small business policy) as well as changes within establishments and firms to be studied over time. The most notable gap in current small business data sources is the lack of a publicly available source of longitudinal data. In the next five years, this gap will be at least partially addressed by the Kauffman Firm Survey of new businesses. Information on this survey design and instrument is available now and researchers can begin to design research studies that would take advantage of the data when they become available.
{"title":"A Description and Analysis of Evolving Data Resources on Small Business","authors":"A. Haviland, Bogdan Savych","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1019119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1019119","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the main government and private data sources currently available or under construction for research on small business and entrepreneurship. It also provides a listing of resources researchers can use to gain more information about each data set. Of particular importance are new longitudinal data sets created by the Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics, which allow for the study of business entry and exit (which is especially relevant to small business policy) as well as changes within establishments and firms to be studied over time. The most notable gap in current small business data sources is the lack of a publicly available source of longitudinal data. In the next five years, this gap will be at least partially addressed by the Kauffman Firm Survey of new businesses. Information on this survey design and instrument is available now and researchers can begin to design research studies that would take advantage of the data when they become available.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122992437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 1988, Business Week biennially ranks MBA programs based on qualitative ("subjective") surveys of students and employers. The Business Week ranking, and similar rankings, based on perceptions of MBA-program customers, rings the alarm that image, rather than substance, may become the raison d'etre of MBA-program evaluation and selection. We rank MBA programs using the quantitative ("objective") data collected with the 2004 Business Week survey, attempting to address these concerns about image over substance. We employ equal-weighted and principal components indexes to rank MBA programs. Our indexes fall into three categories - output, input, and output-input indexes - that rank MBA programs proximately from the interests of students, employers, and MBA program administrators, respectively.
{"title":"MBA Program Reputation and Quantitative Rankings: New Information for Students, Employers, and Program Administrators","authors":"Yongil Jeon, S. Miller, S. Ray","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1006297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1006297","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1988, Business Week biennially ranks MBA programs based on qualitative (\"subjective\") surveys of students and employers. The Business Week ranking, and similar rankings, based on perceptions of MBA-program customers, rings the alarm that image, rather than substance, may become the raison d'etre of MBA-program evaluation and selection. We rank MBA programs using the quantitative (\"objective\") data collected with the 2004 Business Week survey, attempting to address these concerns about image over substance. We employ equal-weighted and principal components indexes to rank MBA programs. Our indexes fall into three categories - output, input, and output-input indexes - that rank MBA programs proximately from the interests of students, employers, and MBA program administrators, respectively.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"124 Pt 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115337213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a lot of interest in measuring poverty, comparing it across regions and countries and analyzing its evolution over time. This interest has spurred a large literature on poverty, especially in developing countries where poverty is considered as a primary indicator of development. A “cookbook” methodology for poverty determination was progressively developed by the World Bank. It is widely assumed that it produces poverty measures which depend only on the survey data, so that different researchers working on the same household survey and following the methodology reach identical poverty rates. The paper shows that this understanding is incorrect. It shows that different practitioners can derive different poverty rates while working on the exact same survey. The paper formalizes the existing methodology and illustrates its shortcomings. It proposes a number of improvements on the methodology. These improvements which include the use of more efficient kernels with bandwidths derived from the data seek to make it fully automatic. More efficient and less ad-hoc estimates of food and non-food expenditures are then obtained. In the end, the researcher is left to smooth the data “by eye” by setting one single parameter. These improvements produce a fully automatic procedure which ensures that different researchers working on the same household survey derive identical poverty rates. The paper applies the methodologies to the 1995/96 Nepal Living Standard Survey.
{"title":"Some Unpleasant Poverty Determination Procedures: Different Researchers, Different Poverty Rates","authors":"Philippe Auffret","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3671102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3671102","url":null,"abstract":"There is a lot of interest in measuring poverty, comparing it across regions and countries and analyzing its evolution over time. This interest has spurred a large literature on poverty, especially in developing countries where poverty is considered as a primary indicator of development. A “cookbook” methodology for poverty determination was progressively developed by the World Bank. It is widely assumed that it produces poverty measures which depend only on the survey data, so that different researchers working on the same household survey and following the methodology reach identical poverty rates. The paper shows that this understanding is incorrect. It shows that different practitioners can derive different poverty rates while working on the exact same survey. The paper formalizes the existing methodology and illustrates its shortcomings. It proposes a number of improvements on the methodology. These improvements which include the use of more efficient kernels with bandwidths derived from the data seek to make it fully automatic. More efficient and less ad-hoc estimates of food and non-food expenditures are then obtained. In the end, the researcher is left to smooth the data “by eye” by setting one single parameter. These improvements produce a fully automatic procedure which ensures that different researchers working on the same household survey derive identical poverty rates. The paper applies the methodologies to the 1995/96 Nepal Living Standard Survey.","PeriodicalId":446975,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Survey Methods (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130756733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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