Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1177/02656914251397292
Rúben Leitão Serém
This article analyses the Portuguese Estado Novo's knowledge of, and policy towards, the Spanish famine of 1939–1942. While historians have broadly acknowledged that Spain's economic difficulties and Germany's refusal to supply its ally prevented General Franco from joining the Axis, there is a dearth of studies on Portugal's economic strategy towards its larger Iberian neighbour. Based upon dozens of confidential documents, the article presents new information on the state of hunger in Spain. It demonstrates that the Portuguese dictatorship was aware of both its magnitude and its political reverberations. Meanwhile, it contextualizes Portuguese aid to Spain through an exploration of broader social and economic conditions within Portugal. In light of the evidence presented, the article presents a strong critique of the rationale for, and subsequent effects of, the foreign policy of Portugal's dictator, António de Oliveira Salazar, towards Spain.
本文分析了葡萄牙新国家对1939-1942年西班牙饥荒的认识和应对政策。虽然历史学家普遍承认，西班牙的经济困难和德国拒绝向其盟友提供物资，阻止了佛朗哥将军加入轴心国，但对葡萄牙对其较大的伊比利亚邻国的经济战略的研究却很少。根据数十份机密文件，这篇文章提供了有关西班牙饥饿状况的新信息。这表明，葡萄牙独裁政权意识到其规模及其政治影响。同时，它通过对葡萄牙更广泛的社会和经济状况的探索，将葡萄牙对西班牙的援助置于背景下。根据所提供的证据，本文对葡萄牙独裁者António de Oliveira Salazar对西班牙的外交政策的基本原理及其后续影响提出了强烈的批评。
{"title":"Salazar's Portugal and General Franco's Empire of Hunger: Famine and Fanaticism in Iberia, 1939–1942","authors":"Rúben Leitão Serém","doi":"10.1177/02656914251397292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251397292","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the Portuguese Estado Novo's knowledge of, and policy towards, the Spanish famine of 1939–1942. While historians have broadly acknowledged that Spain's economic difficulties and Germany's refusal to supply its ally prevented General Franco from joining the Axis, there is a dearth of studies on Portugal's economic strategy towards its larger Iberian neighbour. Based upon dozens of confidential documents, the article presents new information on the state of hunger in Spain. It demonstrates that the Portuguese dictatorship was aware of both its magnitude and its political reverberations. Meanwhile, it contextualizes Portuguese aid to Spain through an exploration of broader social and economic conditions within Portugal. In light of the evidence presented, the article presents a strong critique of the rationale for, and subsequent effects of, the foreign policy of Portugal's dictator, António de Oliveira Salazar, towards Spain.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1177/02656914251401527
Tamara West
This article uses print and associated visual media to investigate the sensationalist reportage of, and the local responses to, a transnational journey undertaken over a century ago. Referred to at the time as the ‘German Gipsy Invasion’, this was a widely reported and highly debated journey of German Roma and Sinti across the UK. The exploration of the media coverage of this event provides a way to geographically and narratively track the activities and local interactions undertaken within a temporary and high-profile migration. It also enables the exploration of domestic, locale-specific discourses around migration, spectacle and the everyday. This paper seeks to explore how, and where, the event was documented in order to explore how it was remembered and later archived. It asks how a perceived spectacle, and the memory of that spectacle, is subsumed into the everydayness of place.
{"title":"Disruptive Journeys: Multi-Sited Archives of ‘Invasion’ and the Everyday","authors":"Tamara West","doi":"10.1177/02656914251401527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251401527","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses print and associated visual media to investigate the sensationalist reportage of, and the local responses to, a transnational journey undertaken over a century ago. Referred to at the time as the ‘German Gipsy Invasion’, this was a widely reported and highly debated journey of German Roma and Sinti across the UK. The exploration of the media coverage of this event provides a way to geographically and narratively track the activities and local interactions undertaken within a temporary and high-profile migration. It also enables the exploration of domestic, locale-specific discourses around migration, spectacle and the everyday. This paper seeks to explore how, and where, the event was documented in order to explore how it was remembered and later archived. It asks how a perceived spectacle, and the memory of that spectacle, is subsumed into the everydayness of place.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1177/02656914251396397
Veronika Čapská, Martin Čapský
This study analyses a long-overlooked Upper Silesian case of ritual murder accusations which appears inspired by, yet of a markedly different profile from the better-researched Tyrolean cases of Simon of Trent and Andreas of Rinn. While iconographic and narrative inspiration for the Upper Silesian case from these earlier Tyrolean cases is evident, neither the name of the alleged victim nor the development of the cult can be documented with certainty. Despite this, the narrative of the Upper Silesian case persisted from the sixteenth century into the modern era and found one of its main memory vehicles in what we describe as a hybrid oil painting of a ritual murder. At the same time, members of the elite social strata showed economic and other interests in achieving and maintaining a permanent expulsion of Jews from their community. They cooperated to achieve this goal and used the blood libel narrative to legitimize it. Intermediality is seen as essential to reinforcing the credibility of prejudicial narratives. The ritual murder accusations are examined as an example of (dis)connected history, which allows late medieval and early modern Central Europe to be seen as closely connected in cultural transmission and simultaneously divided or disconnected by the collective projection of hatred, practices of othering and exclusion. The perspective from the Silesian duchies encourages a decentring look at Central Europe from outside and beyond Bohemian, Polish, German or Austrian historical master narratives. This article discusses the spectrum of possible interpretations of this opaque narrative and emphasizes the cognitive dissonance caused by the hybrid character of the blood libel oil painting.
{"title":"‘Taking Pride in a Jew-Free Town’: Intermediality, Anti-Jewish Imagination, Hybridization and Economic Competition in Upper Silesia (1450–1750)","authors":"Veronika Čapská, Martin Čapský","doi":"10.1177/02656914251396397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251396397","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses a long-overlooked Upper Silesian case of ritual murder accusations which appears inspired by, yet of a markedly different profile from the better-researched Tyrolean cases of Simon of Trent and Andreas of Rinn. While iconographic and narrative inspiration for the Upper Silesian case from these earlier Tyrolean cases is evident, neither the name of the alleged victim nor the development of the cult can be documented with certainty. Despite this, the narrative of the Upper Silesian case persisted from the sixteenth century into the modern era and found one of its main memory vehicles in what we describe as a hybrid oil painting of a ritual murder. At the same time, members of the elite social strata showed economic and other interests in achieving and maintaining a permanent expulsion of Jews from their community. They cooperated to achieve this goal and used the blood libel narrative to legitimize it. Intermediality is seen as essential to reinforcing the credibility of prejudicial narratives. The ritual murder accusations are examined as an example of (dis)connected history, which allows late medieval and early modern Central Europe to be seen as closely connected in cultural transmission and simultaneously divided or disconnected by the collective projection of hatred, practices of othering and exclusion. The perspective from the Silesian duchies encourages a decentring look at Central Europe from outside and beyond Bohemian, Polish, German or Austrian historical master narratives. This article discusses the spectrum of possible interpretations of this opaque narrative and emphasizes the cognitive dissonance caused by the hybrid character of the blood libel oil painting.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145499045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1177/02656914251378001g
Jaap Geraerts
{"title":"Book Review: Faith in War: Religion and the Military in Germany, 1500–1650 by Nikolas M. Funke FunkeNikolas M., Faith in War: Religion and the Military in Germany, 1500–1650 , Berghahn: Oxford, 2024; 246 pp.; 9781805396178, £104.00(hbk)","authors":"Jaap Geraerts","doi":"10.1177/02656914251378001g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251378001g","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1177/02656914251378001d
Philip Boobbyer
{"title":"Book Review: Freedom and the Captive Mind: Fr. Gleb Yakunin and Orthodox Christianity in Soviet Russia by Wallace L. Daniel DanielWallace L., Freedom and the Captive Mind: Fr. Gleb Yakunin and Orthodox Christianity in Soviet Russia , Northern Illinois University Press: Ithaca, NY, 2024; 348 pp., 15 b/w illus.; 9781501777332, $130.00(hbk); 9781501777349, $32.95(pbk)","authors":"Philip Boobbyer","doi":"10.1177/02656914251378001d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251378001d","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1177/02656914251378001m
Christopher Faulkner
{"title":"Book Review: The Wagner Group: Inside Russia’s Mercenary Army by Jack Margolin MargolinJack, The Wagner Group: Inside Russia ’ s Mercenary Army , Reaktion Books: London, UK, 2024; 328 pp.4 illus.; 9781789149579, £16.99(hbk); 9781836392033, £12.99(pbk)","authors":"Christopher Faulkner","doi":"10.1177/02656914251378001m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251378001m","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1177/02656914251378001p
Francis Maes
{"title":"Book Review: Tchaikovsky’s Empire: A New Life of Russia’s Greatest Composer by Simon Morrison MorrisonSimon, Tchaikovsky’s Empire: A New Life of Russia’s Greatest Composer , Yale University Press: New Haven, CT, 2024; 384 pp., 16 illus.; 9780300192100, $35.00(hbk); 9780300284317, $24.00(pbk); 9780300280586, $35.00(ebook)","authors":"Francis Maes","doi":"10.1177/02656914251378001p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251378001p","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1177/02656914251378001z
Jon Oldfield
{"title":"Book Review: Soviet SCI_BERIA: The Politics of Expertise and the Novosibirsk Scientific Center by Ksenia Tatarchenko TatarchenkoKsenia, Soviet SCI_BERIA: The Politics of Expertise and the Novosibirsk Scientific Center , Bloomsbury Academic: London, 2024; 344 pp.; 9781350165830, £85.00(hbk); 9781350165847, £76.50(ebook)","authors":"Jon Oldfield","doi":"10.1177/02656914251378001z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251378001z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1177/02656914251378001a
Merilyn Moos
{"title":"Book Review: The Czech Refugee Trust Fund in Britain, 1938–1975: Lifeline to Freedom by Charmian Brinson and Jana Barbora Buresova BrinsonCharmianBuresovaJana Barbora, The Czech Refugee Trust Fund in Britain, 1938–1975: Lifeline to Freedom , Vallentine Mitchell: Elstree, 2025; 234 pp.; 17 illus.; 9781803710761, £45.00(hbk)","authors":"Merilyn Moos","doi":"10.1177/02656914251378001a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251378001a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-15DOI: 10.1177/02656914251378001u
Alexandra Barmpouti
{"title":"Book Review: A History of British Eugenics since 1865: From Francis Galton to Designer Babies by David Redvaldsen RedvaldsenDavid, A History of British Eugenics since 1865: From Francis Galton to Designer Babies , Palgrave Macmillan: Cham, 2024; 331 pp., 21 illus., 15 colour illus.; 9783031722899, £102.00(hbk)","authors":"Alexandra Barmpouti","doi":"10.1177/02656914251378001u","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251378001u","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"106 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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