Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1177/02656914251376266
Ignacio García de Paso
The Iberian peninsula has long been regarded as an exception to the 1848 revolutionary upheavals. The case of Spain, where political opposition to the liberal conservative government was curtailed by an improvised ‘constitutional’ dictatorship, seems like an illustrative paradigm to this view based on Iberian exceptionalism. However, a transnational approach to the articulation of a renewed political opposition during the springtime of 1848 challenges this exceptionalism and nuances the apparent apathy of Spanish political activism regarding the European revolutions. This article aims to reconsider the Spanish ’48 from a re-spatialized perspective, stressing the agency of exiled communities and conspirative networks and their repeated attempts to subvert the political status quo south of the Pyrenees. To do so, it draws mainly from consular and diplomatic sources. A focus on exiled communities, this article argues, not only challenges the idea of exceptionalism, but also connects political activism with hitherto neglected phenomena such as illegal arms trafficking or the configuration of transnational solidarity networks between legitimist clusters. On a similar note, this focus contributes to a better understanding of the way in which state-sponsored intelligence services tried to curtail and neutralize this catalogue of conspirative networks based on clandestine mobilities. Moreover, this article highlights the need to approach 1848 from a perspective that deconstructs and blurs nation-based accounts of the revolutionary cycle.
{"title":"Borderless Revolutions and Exile Politics: Organizing and Curtailing Spanish Political Opposition (1848–1849)","authors":"Ignacio García de Paso","doi":"10.1177/02656914251376266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251376266","url":null,"abstract":"The Iberian peninsula has long been regarded as an exception to the 1848 revolutionary upheavals. The case of Spain, where political opposition to the liberal conservative government was curtailed by an improvised ‘constitutional’ dictatorship, seems like an illustrative paradigm to this view based on Iberian exceptionalism. However, a transnational approach to the articulation of a renewed political opposition during the springtime of 1848 challenges this exceptionalism and nuances the apparent apathy of Spanish political activism regarding the European revolutions. This article aims to reconsider the Spanish ’48 from a re-spatialized perspective, stressing the agency of exiled communities and conspirative networks and their repeated attempts to subvert the political status quo south of the Pyrenees. To do so, it draws mainly from consular and diplomatic sources. A focus on exiled communities, this article argues, not only challenges the idea of exceptionalism, but also connects political activism with hitherto neglected phenomena such as illegal arms trafficking or the configuration of transnational solidarity networks between legitimist clusters. On a similar note, this focus contributes to a better understanding of the way in which state-sponsored intelligence services tried to curtail and neutralize this catalogue of conspirative networks based on clandestine mobilities. Moreover, this article highlights the need to approach 1848 from a perspective that deconstructs and blurs nation-based accounts of the revolutionary cycle.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145072467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1177/02656914251371260
{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Many Modern Industrial Spies are Excellent Scholars’: Industrial Counterespionage and Images of Knowledge in Czechoslovakia During the Great Depression","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/02656914251371260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251371260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1177/02656914251365796
Beatriz Valverde Contreras
Delegates from neutral countries, who, especially in the case of Spain, were active in the protection of prisoners of war during the First World War, remain a group requiring further analysis. This article will consider the experience of the Spanish delegates, who were particularly important between 1917 and 1919 for the inspection and protection of a wide range of Allied prisoners of war, in their role as intermediaries and brokers, but also as observers of German society and the increasing effect of problems of resources on that society. While showing how these individuals conveyed their impressions and understanding of wartime Germany in their correspondence, the article, which is based on abundant and newly discovered archival holdings, demonstrates the degrees to which humanitarian efforts intersected with clear hopes for symbolic and also material rewards. These considerations had an important impact on the delegates’ strategies and worries.
{"title":"‘I am Just a Walking Letterbox in Which They Deposit Their Complaints’: Being a Spanish Delegate for the Inspection of German Prisoner of War Camps During the First World War (1917–1919)","authors":"Beatriz Valverde Contreras","doi":"10.1177/02656914251365796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251365796","url":null,"abstract":"Delegates from neutral countries, who, especially in the case of Spain, were active in the protection of prisoners of war during the First World War, remain a group requiring further analysis. This article will consider the experience of the Spanish delegates, who were particularly important between 1917 and 1919 for the inspection and protection of a wide range of Allied prisoners of war, in their role as intermediaries and brokers, but also as observers of German society and the increasing effect of problems of resources on that society. While showing how these individuals conveyed their impressions and understanding of wartime Germany in their correspondence, the article, which is based on abundant and newly discovered archival holdings, demonstrates the degrees to which humanitarian efforts intersected with clear hopes for symbolic and also material rewards. These considerations had an important impact on the delegates’ strategies and worries.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1177/02656914251365447
Nicola Cacciatore
In the last few decades, scholars have shown an increasing interest in unarmed Resistance and the role of civilians during the Second World War. If early studies on the Resistance initially promoted a unified narration (often warlike and even sexist), subsequent studies have widened the analysis. To the point that today, we can speak not of ‘a’ Resistance or ‘the’ Resistance but rather ‘Resistances’ in the plural form. Since the 1970s, studies and even public commemorations have put new emphasis on the plurality of the Resistance, beginning with women's participation in it. More recently, the concept of humanitarian Resistance (defined as acts characterized by spontaneity and the humanitarian nature of their objectives, which were detached from an overall political aim) has seen a revival in Italy, especially connected to the historiography concerning the region of Abruzzo during the Second World War. This was an area where, because of its proximity to the frontline and the presence of multiple fascist PoW camps, the influx of escaped Allied PoWs was massive, and the local population played a crucial role in their survival and escape. This article asks whether this new category can be useful in analysing Resistance to Nazi-Fascism and how we can apply it to further our understanding of Resistance as a European phenomenon.
{"title":"How to Save a Life: Humanitarian Resistance in Europe During the Second World War, the Dawn of a New Historiographical Category?","authors":"Nicola Cacciatore","doi":"10.1177/02656914251365447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251365447","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few decades, scholars have shown an increasing interest in unarmed Resistance and the role of civilians during the Second World War. If early studies on the Resistance initially promoted a unified narration (often warlike and even sexist), subsequent studies have widened the analysis. To the point that today, we can speak not of ‘a’ Resistance or ‘the’ Resistance but rather ‘Resistances’ in the plural form. Since the 1970s, studies and even public commemorations have put new emphasis on the plurality of the Resistance, beginning with women's participation in it. More recently, the concept of humanitarian Resistance (defined as acts characterized by spontaneity and the humanitarian nature of their objectives, which were detached from an overall political aim) has seen a revival in Italy, especially connected to the historiography concerning the region of Abruzzo during the Second World War. This was an area where, because of its proximity to the frontline and the presence of multiple fascist PoW camps, the influx of escaped Allied PoWs was massive, and the local population played a crucial role in their survival and escape. This article asks whether this new category can be useful in analysing Resistance to Nazi-Fascism and how we can apply it to further our understanding of Resistance as a European phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1177/02656914251353017
Katarzyna Kosior
In 1667, Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro, political thinker and senator of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, argued that fewer sejms should be held to prevent the royal court's corruption of the szlachta from the lower chamber. He feared that envoys, tempted by a political career in the ambit of the court, would seek royal patronage and neglect their local and military responsibilities. This article thinks Fredro's concerns through spatially, considering how the blurring of parliamentary and courtly spaces was manifest at Wawel in Kraków and the royal palace in Warsaw, the royal residences where sejms took place. Limited space necessitated improvisation to facilitate the political processes of parliamentary monarchy. There were occasions when parliamentary activity spilled over into the royal apartments, which could be used as breakout rooms for ‘private discussion’, the work of commissions or deputations, and, crucially, by the king seeking to manage parliamentary conflict away from the public forum of sejm. This was vital given that the system was based on common consent, rather than a majority vote. At the same time, parliamentary space could be used for the entertainments and displays of royal favour associated with the royal court. Furthermore, parliamentary debates were open and public, meaning that courtiers were able to come in and out of parliamentary spaces, exerting influence over parliamentarians. The Polish-Lithuanian monarchy was parliamentary, but this article shows how its sejm was monarchical. To an extent, the king could manage parliamentary processes through the use of space and tempt the szlachta to strive for his favour. Drawing on Fredro's writings and parliamentary and szlachta diaries, which include accounts of the king hosting ‘convivial sessions’ in parliament, this article provides a new perspective on the entangled nature of courtly and parliamentary cultures in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
{"title":"Sharing Political Space: The Royal Court and the Polish-Lithuanian Sejm in the Seventeenth Century","authors":"Katarzyna Kosior","doi":"10.1177/02656914251353017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251353017","url":null,"abstract":"In 1667, Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro, political thinker and senator of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, argued that fewer sejms should be held to prevent the royal court's corruption of the szlachta from the lower chamber. He feared that envoys, tempted by a political career in the ambit of the court, would seek royal patronage and neglect their local and military responsibilities. This article thinks Fredro's concerns through spatially, considering how the blurring of parliamentary and courtly spaces was manifest at Wawel in Kraków and the royal palace in Warsaw, the royal residences where sejms took place. Limited space necessitated improvisation to facilitate the political processes of parliamentary monarchy. There were occasions when parliamentary activity spilled over into the royal apartments, which could be used as breakout rooms for ‘private discussion’, the work of commissions or deputations, and, crucially, by the king seeking to manage parliamentary conflict away from the public forum of sejm. This was vital given that the system was based on common consent, rather than a majority vote. At the same time, parliamentary space could be used for the entertainments and displays of royal favour associated with the royal court. Furthermore, parliamentary debates were open and public, meaning that courtiers were able to come in and out of parliamentary spaces, exerting influence over parliamentarians. The Polish-Lithuanian monarchy was parliamentary, but this article shows how its sejm was monarchical. To an extent, the king could manage parliamentary processes through the use of space and tempt the szlachta to strive for his favour. Drawing on Fredro's writings and parliamentary and szlachta diaries, which include accounts of the king hosting ‘convivial sessions’ in parliament, this article provides a new perspective on the entangled nature of courtly and parliamentary cultures in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1177/02656914251350851e
Francis King
{"title":"Book Review: Lenin Lives? by Christopher Read ReadChristopher, Lenin Lives? , Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2024; 208 pp.; 9780198866084, £30.00 (hbk)","authors":"Francis King","doi":"10.1177/02656914251350851e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251350851e","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"278 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1177/02656914251351528
Tomáš Gecko
The article uses Yehuda Elkana's theory of images of knowledge to link the ideological demand for industrial counterespionage in interwar Czechoslovakia with the shifting legitimacy of what was then considered publicly beneficial corporate research. Using industrial counterespionage as an example, the article traces continuities in the discourse on the security of technology transfer, while at the same time analysing the related state interventions during the Great Depression of the 1930s. The premise of the article is that in Czechoslovakia, between the 1920s and 1930s, the importance of such images of knowledge, whose content was ‘security’ and the ‘protection’ of society from foreign (and domestic) threats gradually increased. External influences such as the Great Depression and the threat to Czechoslovakia's territorial integrity by its neighbours in the 1930s accelerated these shifts but did not cause them. There was a growing ideological need for protection in society, which reinforced the security-oriented images of knowledge and, through the implementation of industrial counterespionage, ultimately led to restrictions on the technology transfer in corporate research. This is well illustrated by the expert debates on the Economic Espionage Act of 1935, which are examined in this article.
{"title":"‘Many Modern Industrial Spies are Excellent Scholars’: Industrial Counterespionage and Images of Knowledge in Czechoslovakia During the Great Depression","authors":"Tomáš Gecko","doi":"10.1177/02656914251351528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251351528","url":null,"abstract":"The article uses Yehuda Elkana's theory of images of knowledge to link the ideological demand for industrial counterespionage in interwar Czechoslovakia with the shifting legitimacy of what was then considered publicly beneficial corporate research. Using industrial counterespionage as an example, the article traces continuities in the discourse on the security of technology transfer, while at the same time analysing the related state interventions during the Great Depression of the 1930s. The premise of the article is that in Czechoslovakia, between the 1920s and 1930s, the importance of such images of knowledge, whose content was ‘security’ and the ‘protection’ of society from foreign (and domestic) threats gradually increased. External influences such as the Great Depression and the threat to Czechoslovakia's territorial integrity by its neighbours in the 1930s accelerated these shifts but did not cause them. There was a growing ideological need for protection in society, which reinforced the security-oriented images of knowledge and, through the implementation of industrial counterespionage, ultimately led to restrictions on the technology transfer in corporate research. This is well illustrated by the expert debates on the Economic Espionage Act of 1935, which are examined in this article.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1177/02656914251350851d
Morgan Golf-French
{"title":"Book Review: The Holy Alliance: Liberalism and the Politics of Federation by Isaac Nakhimovsky NakhimovskyIsaac, The Holy Alliance: Liberalism and the Politics of Federation , Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, 2024; 328 pp., 9 b/w illus.; 9780691195193, £35.00 (hbk); 9780691255491, £35.00 (ebook)","authors":"Morgan Golf-French","doi":"10.1177/02656914251350851d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251350851d","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1177/02656914251350851c
Michael Fleming
{"title":"Book Review: Poland under German Occupation 1939–1945: New Perspectives by Jonathan Huener and Andrea Löw, eds HuenerJonathanLöwAndrea, eds, Poland under German Occupation 1939–1945: New Perspectives , Berghahn: Oxford, 2024; 216 pp.; 9781805392439, £104.00 (hbk)","authors":"Michael Fleming","doi":"10.1177/02656914251350851c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914251350851c","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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