Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1177/02656914231199945x
Gary Marker
Galicia’s inhabitants. Furthermore, without commenting on this decision, Jews are also excluded from purview, though they concentrated in the towns and cities and amounted to over a tenth of the crownland’s population. Hence, the book shines light on a fifth of the politically most influential inhabitants, among which, Polish Ruthenians could account for as much as 15 per cent. In Galicia’s increasingly nationalized reality, Polish Ruthenians’ influence spiked due to their ability to operate in both Polishand Ukrainian-speaking milieux. Furthermore, Polish and Ukrainian organizations strove to woo them to their own national camp, which boosted their visibility and importance. After a somewhat muddled discussion of methodology, which gives too much credit to qualified primordialism (62), Polish Ruthenians are defined in historical and ethnocultural terms (55–200). Their story in Galicia is introduced during the first half of the nineteenth century (201–54), before it enters the central stage during the 1848 revolutions (255–338). Polish Ruthenians played an important role during the period of absolutism, when the ‘Ruthenian language question’ arose (339–64) and the remembrance of Poland-Lithuania pushed Poles and Ruthenians (Ukrainians) to stand together for the last time in the face of Polish-Lithuanian nobles’ 1863–1864 uprising against the tsar (365–406). Finally, the study comes into its own in the period of Austria-Hungary, when the participation of Polish Ruthenians in Galicia’s politics is analysed (407–80), followed by their reaction to a range of official commemorations of events from the Polish(-Lithuanian) past (481–544). Despite its wealth of indexes, this extensive work sorely misses a basic index of subjects tackled. Most of today’s Ukrainians and Poles stem from peasantry, so a reflection on the rural population’s reaction to the Polish-Ruthenian identity is a must. But a pioneering work rarely exhausts a broached issue, while the task requires an interdisciplinary approach. Curiously, the book is silent on Galicia’s Jews and does not even cite Larry Wolff’s The Idea of Galicia (2011). Jews were the crownland’s most urban and multilingual inhabitants. Did some assimilationists convert to Greek Catholicism and choose the Polish Ruthenian identity? For the time being an answer to this query is buried in Galicia’s rich but neglected publications and archival material in Yiddish and Hebrew.
{"title":"Book Review: <i>Ivan Mazepa and the Russian Empire</i> by Tatiana Tairova-Yakovleva","authors":"Gary Marker","doi":"10.1177/02656914231199945x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231199945x","url":null,"abstract":"Galicia’s inhabitants. Furthermore, without commenting on this decision, Jews are also excluded from purview, though they concentrated in the towns and cities and amounted to over a tenth of the crownland’s population. Hence, the book shines light on a fifth of the politically most influential inhabitants, among which, Polish Ruthenians could account for as much as 15 per cent. In Galicia’s increasingly nationalized reality, Polish Ruthenians’ influence spiked due to their ability to operate in both Polishand Ukrainian-speaking milieux. Furthermore, Polish and Ukrainian organizations strove to woo them to their own national camp, which boosted their visibility and importance. After a somewhat muddled discussion of methodology, which gives too much credit to qualified primordialism (62), Polish Ruthenians are defined in historical and ethnocultural terms (55–200). Their story in Galicia is introduced during the first half of the nineteenth century (201–54), before it enters the central stage during the 1848 revolutions (255–338). Polish Ruthenians played an important role during the period of absolutism, when the ‘Ruthenian language question’ arose (339–64) and the remembrance of Poland-Lithuania pushed Poles and Ruthenians (Ukrainians) to stand together for the last time in the face of Polish-Lithuanian nobles’ 1863–1864 uprising against the tsar (365–406). Finally, the study comes into its own in the period of Austria-Hungary, when the participation of Polish Ruthenians in Galicia’s politics is analysed (407–80), followed by their reaction to a range of official commemorations of events from the Polish(-Lithuanian) past (481–544). Despite its wealth of indexes, this extensive work sorely misses a basic index of subjects tackled. Most of today’s Ukrainians and Poles stem from peasantry, so a reflection on the rural population’s reaction to the Polish-Ruthenian identity is a must. But a pioneering work rarely exhausts a broached issue, while the task requires an interdisciplinary approach. Curiously, the book is silent on Galicia’s Jews and does not even cite Larry Wolff’s The Idea of Galicia (2011). Jews were the crownland’s most urban and multilingual inhabitants. Did some assimilationists convert to Greek Catholicism and choose the Polish Ruthenian identity? For the time being an answer to this query is buried in Galicia’s rich but neglected publications and archival material in Yiddish and Hebrew.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134937850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1177/02656914231199945d
Robert Justin Goldstein
soldiers were followed by civilian administrators, geographers such as Petr Semenov, explorers such as Nikolai Przheval’skii, cartographers, ethnographers, botanists and biologists. At the geopolitical level, this imperial expansion would intensify diplomatic confrontation with Britain over control of Afghanistan and India. To modern readers in an age critical of imperialisms, Fielding may seem to underplay the sheer brutality of the Russian conquest and the racist attitudes that supported it, attitudes shared by the Hungarian-born anthropologist Charles-Eugène de Ujfalvy and his Parisian wife, Marie de Ujfalvy-Bourdon, who are among the travellers he examines. At the same time, he is alive to the lasting implications of Russia’s imperial interest in Central Asia for defining the nation’s own identity. That said, Travellers in the Great Steppe should be read not so much as a work of scholarship but rather as a description of the accounts left by bold spirits who explored a region with which the author has fallen in love. It is for the most part a compendium of factual information interspersed with extended quotation from the travelogues used and it lacks close analysis or sustained defence of particular theses. Fielding himself defines his intention as to ‘entertain and inspire’ (xi) and hopes that the ‘book and the stories it contains will stimulate further exploration of this beautiful and exciting region’ (312). Irrespective of the book’s overriding thrust and purpose, it would have benefitted from closer editorial scrutiny. It contains numerous inconsistencies in spelling and presentation of proper nouns. We find, for example, both Bokhara and Bukhara, the Muscovy Company and the Moscovy Company, and Turcomans and Turkomans. The Aral Sea is referred to as both ‘Lake Aral’ and ‘the Aral Lake’ as well as by its established modern name. Errors of transliteration of Russian words are legion, e.g., ‘Asov’ for Azov, ‘Grosni’ for groznyi (‘terrible’, as a descriptor of Ivan IV), ‘Tatischev’ for Tatishchev. Material is repeated (e.g., a quotation from a source on pages 47 and 52–3 and details of a Russian defeat on pages 130 and 133). Small factual inaccuracies include the date of the capture of Astrakhan’ by Ivan IV and, at one point, the location of Lake Zaisan in north-east Kazakhstan. All the same, Travellers in the Great Steppe succeeds as a tour d’horizon, reminding twenty-first-century readers of the fortitude of the pioneering explorers of earlier times and helping to rescue from oblivion some important contributors to the collection of human knowledge of various kinds.
{"title":"Book Review: <i>Censorship of Literature in Austria, 1751–1848</i> by Norbert Bachleitner","authors":"Robert Justin Goldstein","doi":"10.1177/02656914231199945d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231199945d","url":null,"abstract":"soldiers were followed by civilian administrators, geographers such as Petr Semenov, explorers such as Nikolai Przheval’skii, cartographers, ethnographers, botanists and biologists. At the geopolitical level, this imperial expansion would intensify diplomatic confrontation with Britain over control of Afghanistan and India. To modern readers in an age critical of imperialisms, Fielding may seem to underplay the sheer brutality of the Russian conquest and the racist attitudes that supported it, attitudes shared by the Hungarian-born anthropologist Charles-Eugène de Ujfalvy and his Parisian wife, Marie de Ujfalvy-Bourdon, who are among the travellers he examines. At the same time, he is alive to the lasting implications of Russia’s imperial interest in Central Asia for defining the nation’s own identity. That said, Travellers in the Great Steppe should be read not so much as a work of scholarship but rather as a description of the accounts left by bold spirits who explored a region with which the author has fallen in love. It is for the most part a compendium of factual information interspersed with extended quotation from the travelogues used and it lacks close analysis or sustained defence of particular theses. Fielding himself defines his intention as to ‘entertain and inspire’ (xi) and hopes that the ‘book and the stories it contains will stimulate further exploration of this beautiful and exciting region’ (312). Irrespective of the book’s overriding thrust and purpose, it would have benefitted from closer editorial scrutiny. It contains numerous inconsistencies in spelling and presentation of proper nouns. We find, for example, both Bokhara and Bukhara, the Muscovy Company and the Moscovy Company, and Turcomans and Turkomans. The Aral Sea is referred to as both ‘Lake Aral’ and ‘the Aral Lake’ as well as by its established modern name. Errors of transliteration of Russian words are legion, e.g., ‘Asov’ for Azov, ‘Grosni’ for groznyi (‘terrible’, as a descriptor of Ivan IV), ‘Tatischev’ for Tatishchev. Material is repeated (e.g., a quotation from a source on pages 47 and 52–3 and details of a Russian defeat on pages 130 and 133). Small factual inaccuracies include the date of the capture of Astrakhan’ by Ivan IV and, at one point, the location of Lake Zaisan in north-east Kazakhstan. All the same, Travellers in the Great Steppe succeeds as a tour d’horizon, reminding twenty-first-century readers of the fortitude of the pioneering explorers of earlier times and helping to rescue from oblivion some important contributors to the collection of human knowledge of various kinds.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134978173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1177/02656914231199945i
David Redvaldsen
{"title":"Book Review: <i>Norway in the Second World War: Politics, Society and Conflict</i> by Ole Kristian Grimnes","authors":"David Redvaldsen","doi":"10.1177/02656914231199945i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231199945i","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134937571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1177/02656914231199945w
Tomasz Kamusella
{"title":"Book Review: <i>Gente Rutheni, Natione Poloni: The Ruthenians of Polish Nationality in Habsburg Galicia</i> by Adam Świątek","authors":"Tomasz Kamusella","doi":"10.1177/02656914231199945w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231199945w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134937862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1177/02656914231199945q
Luigi Lonardo
adapted, it feels like an added-on section that would have been better suited to being woven into the narrative of each chapter. Particularly in instances where anarchism, which was never a reserve of Europeans only as Murray-Miller correctly identifies, was a significant influence on these revolutionary movements an inclusion in the overall narrative would have been beneficial. Overall, Murray-Miller’s work has provided a much needed and easily accessible overview of the extensive and impressive entangled web of revolutionary movements and thinkers in the period under investigation. His work provides a remarkably clear and concise overview of the vast scholarship on European revolutionary movements, historiographical trends and some of the most recent theories in the field. Having these broad geographic entanglements synthesized in one single, concise volume makes it an important starting point for any advanced reader with an interest in European revolutionary movements.
{"title":"Book Review: <i>International Law and the Politics of History</i> by Anne Orford","authors":"Luigi Lonardo","doi":"10.1177/02656914231199945q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231199945q","url":null,"abstract":"adapted, it feels like an added-on section that would have been better suited to being woven into the narrative of each chapter. Particularly in instances where anarchism, which was never a reserve of Europeans only as Murray-Miller correctly identifies, was a significant influence on these revolutionary movements an inclusion in the overall narrative would have been beneficial. Overall, Murray-Miller’s work has provided a much needed and easily accessible overview of the extensive and impressive entangled web of revolutionary movements and thinkers in the period under investigation. His work provides a remarkably clear and concise overview of the vast scholarship on European revolutionary movements, historiographical trends and some of the most recent theories in the field. Having these broad geographic entanglements synthesized in one single, concise volume makes it an important starting point for any advanced reader with an interest in European revolutionary movements.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134937574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1177/02656914231199945v
Nicholas Scott Baker
Catholic and Protestant) and radical nationalism, which in the period under study held out the promise for many clerics and laymen of an effective struggle against Bolshevism as the common enemy of both religious conservatives and fascists. These expectations also enabled many critical Christians to hold what Spicer calls a ‘dualistic view of antisemitism’ (188, fn 38), that is, to come to terms with the aporias arising from rejecting ‘pagan’ racist antisemitism while simultaneously demonizing ‘Judeo-Bolshevism’ and proclaiming the need for a ‘solution to the Jewish question’. This tension, which weaves through many chapters of the monograph reviewed here, deserves special emphasis and examination, for it is a phenomenon that is typical not only of modern Catholic antisemitism: its consideration would certainly allow for a more critical look at, for example, the personality and work of Ukrainian Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky (see Andriy Mykhaleyko, Metropolitan Andrey Graf Sheptytskyj und das NS-Regime. Zwischen christlichem Ideal und politischer Realität [2020]). Moreover, such an approach could help create a better understanding of the dynamics of the ethnicization of religion, which took different forms and conditions for radicalization in different national contexts. It is to be hoped that future researchwill take these issues into account. One will find more than enough stimulus in the monograph reviewed here.
{"title":"Book Review: <i>Casanova’s Lottery: The History of a Revolutionary Game of Chance</i> by Stephen M. Stigler","authors":"Nicholas Scott Baker","doi":"10.1177/02656914231199945v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231199945v","url":null,"abstract":"Catholic and Protestant) and radical nationalism, which in the period under study held out the promise for many clerics and laymen of an effective struggle against Bolshevism as the common enemy of both religious conservatives and fascists. These expectations also enabled many critical Christians to hold what Spicer calls a ‘dualistic view of antisemitism’ (188, fn 38), that is, to come to terms with the aporias arising from rejecting ‘pagan’ racist antisemitism while simultaneously demonizing ‘Judeo-Bolshevism’ and proclaiming the need for a ‘solution to the Jewish question’. This tension, which weaves through many chapters of the monograph reviewed here, deserves special emphasis and examination, for it is a phenomenon that is typical not only of modern Catholic antisemitism: its consideration would certainly allow for a more critical look at, for example, the personality and work of Ukrainian Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky (see Andriy Mykhaleyko, Metropolitan Andrey Graf Sheptytskyj und das NS-Regime. Zwischen christlichem Ideal und politischer Realität [2020]). Moreover, such an approach could help create a better understanding of the dynamics of the ethnicization of religion, which took different forms and conditions for radicalization in different national contexts. It is to be hoped that future researchwill take these issues into account. One will find more than enough stimulus in the monograph reviewed here.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134978092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1177/02656914231199950
Oriol Luján
Practices labelled as corrupt in nineteenth-century European elections are generally conceived either as a form of domination where the candidates and their agents use exclusive resources for personal gain or a means of transaction between candidates and voters, on the assumption that candidates deploy corrupt practices in order to perusade voters. Consequently, electoral corruption in the nineteenth century is considered a tool that limits the participation of enfranchised citizens, whose conception of corruption is largely uncultivated. This study challenges this notion and demonstrates how corrupt practices by electors in societies where freedom was not guaranteed, did not restrain but instead extended the possibilities of political participation. The novelty of this study is based on integrating research focused on politicization beyond the elite and the new history of corruption, using Great Britain, France, and Spain as case studies. This integrated process found that corruption was used by electors to overturn unfavourable results, thus providing a platform for participation beyond voting.
{"title":"When the Vote is Not the Only Factor: (Re)thinking Electoral Corruption in Nineteenth-Century Europe from the Electors’ Perspective","authors":"Oriol Luján","doi":"10.1177/02656914231199950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231199950","url":null,"abstract":"Practices labelled as corrupt in nineteenth-century European elections are generally conceived either as a form of domination where the candidates and their agents use exclusive resources for personal gain or a means of transaction between candidates and voters, on the assumption that candidates deploy corrupt practices in order to perusade voters. Consequently, electoral corruption in the nineteenth century is considered a tool that limits the participation of enfranchised citizens, whose conception of corruption is largely uncultivated. This study challenges this notion and demonstrates how corrupt practices by electors in societies where freedom was not guaranteed, did not restrain but instead extended the possibilities of political participation. The novelty of this study is based on integrating research focused on politicization beyond the elite and the new history of corruption, using Great Britain, France, and Spain as case studies. This integrated process found that corruption was used by electors to overturn unfavourable results, thus providing a platform for participation beyond voting.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134937563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1177/02656914231200215
Béla Tomka
{"title":"Globalization in Socialist Eastern Europe: A Turn in Research and its Discontents","authors":"Béla Tomka","doi":"10.1177/02656914231200215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231200215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134937860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1177/02656914231199226
Diana Moore
Within a few decades, the Italian people went from a partially colonized to colonizing power. A number of Italian patriots, therefore, who had espoused the ideals of self-determination, republicanism, and cosmopolitan nationalism, found themselves grappling with the rapid entry into colonization of the nation they had fought so hard to create. This article examines the thoughts and ideas of a select group of these individuals: Aurelio Saffi, Agostino Bertani, Alberto Mario, and Jessie White Mario. Focusing on their arguments in the 1880s and 1890s, it examines their reaction to the establishment of the French protectorate in Tunisia (1881), the British invasion of Egypt and defeat of Ahmad ʿUrabi's seemingly nationalist movement (1882), and the development of the Italian colony in East Africa. Throughout, the article emphasizes the shared importance of the civilizing mission in the ideology of both Italian cosmopolitan nationalism and colonialism. Though left-wing thinkers like Saffi or Bertani fervently argued for the freedom of nationalities and a brotherhood of peoples, their belief that a people needed to be sufficiently advanced for self-government, and that not all peoples were equally ready for that stage, allowed them to justify aspects of Italy's African empire. By examining their differing treatment of the people of Egypt, Tunisia, and East Africa, moreover, the article shows the extent and complexity of their classification of civilizations. While they showed a high level of sympathy for the more ‘Europeanized’ Egyptians, they viewed the people of Eritrea as ‘savages’ in need of Italian guidance and intervention. Finally, the article shows how they attempted to distinguish their version of benign and respectful colonization from the more avaricious or aggressive practices of the French or British empires.
在几十年的时间里，意大利人民从一个被部分殖民的国家变成了一个殖民大国。因此，许多拥护民族自决、共和主义和世界主义民族主义理想的意大利爱国者，发现自己正在努力应对他们为之奋斗的国家迅速进入殖民化的局面。本文考察了这些人中的一些人的想法和想法:Aurelio Saffi, Agostino Bertani, Alberto Mario和Jessie White Mario。本书聚焦于他们在19世纪80年代和90年代的争论，考察了他们对法国在突尼斯建立保护国(1881年)、英国入侵埃及并击败艾哈迈德·乌拉比看似民族主义的运动(1882年)以及意大利在东非殖民地的发展的反应。贯穿全文，本文强调了意大利世界主义民族主义和殖民主义意识形态中文明使命的共同重要性。尽管像萨菲和贝尔塔尼这样的左翼思想家热切地主张民族自由和民族兄弟情谊，但他们认为，一个民族需要足够先进才能实现自治，并不是所有的民族都为这一阶段做好了同等的准备，这使他们能够为意大利的非洲帝国的某些方面辩护。此外，通过考察他们对埃及人、突尼斯人和东非人的不同对待，这篇文章显示了他们文明分类的广度和复杂性。虽然他们对更加“欧洲化”的埃及人表现出高度的同情，但他们认为厄立特里亚人是需要意大利人指导和干预的“野蛮人”。最后，这篇文章展示了他们如何试图将他们的善意和尊重的殖民与法国或英国帝国更加贪婪或侵略的做法区分开来。
{"title":"Africa for the Africans? Risorgimento Republicans and Cosmopolitan Nationalists in an Age of Empire","authors":"Diana Moore","doi":"10.1177/02656914231199226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231199226","url":null,"abstract":"Within a few decades, the Italian people went from a partially colonized to colonizing power. A number of Italian patriots, therefore, who had espoused the ideals of self-determination, republicanism, and cosmopolitan nationalism, found themselves grappling with the rapid entry into colonization of the nation they had fought so hard to create. This article examines the thoughts and ideas of a select group of these individuals: Aurelio Saffi, Agostino Bertani, Alberto Mario, and Jessie White Mario. Focusing on their arguments in the 1880s and 1890s, it examines their reaction to the establishment of the French protectorate in Tunisia (1881), the British invasion of Egypt and defeat of Ahmad ʿUrabi's seemingly nationalist movement (1882), and the development of the Italian colony in East Africa. Throughout, the article emphasizes the shared importance of the civilizing mission in the ideology of both Italian cosmopolitan nationalism and colonialism. Though left-wing thinkers like Saffi or Bertani fervently argued for the freedom of nationalities and a brotherhood of peoples, their belief that a people needed to be sufficiently advanced for self-government, and that not all peoples were equally ready for that stage, allowed them to justify aspects of Italy's African empire. By examining their differing treatment of the people of Egypt, Tunisia, and East Africa, moreover, the article shows the extent and complexity of their classification of civilizations. While they showed a high level of sympathy for the more ‘Europeanized’ Egyptians, they viewed the people of Eritrea as ‘savages’ in need of Italian guidance and intervention. Finally, the article shows how they attempted to distinguish their version of benign and respectful colonization from the more avaricious or aggressive practices of the French or British empires.","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134978081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1177/02656914231199945
Samuël Kruizinga
{"title":"Book Review: <i>Global War, Global Catastrophe: Neutrals, Belligerents and the Transformations of the First World War</i> by Maartje Abbenhuis and Ismee Tames","authors":"Samuël Kruizinga","doi":"10.1177/02656914231199945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02656914231199945","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44713,"journal":{"name":"European History Quarterly","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134978082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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