Archaeologies-Journal of the World Archaeological Congress最新文献

The purpose of the study is to compare the structural and semantic elements of the two ancient cultures of painted pottery—Yangshao and Trypillia. A comparative and analytical method was used. The study has established the similarity of these two cultures. The number of similarities between the two cultures cannot be explained exclusively by the similarity of the worldviews of ancient grain growers, but also by the cultural exchange between geographically distant territories. These data can serve as a basis for further comparisons of different cultures and help a wide range of experts: historians, archaeologists, geographers, and culturologists.

This article analyzes paired stone monuments on Hawai‘i Island and O‘ahu as gendered. Archaeological and ethnographic contexts are provided. Differing knowledge systems collided from the moment of contact, oversimplifying female space and worship into rigid Western binaries and overlooking the variability of agency. A critical re-reading of the sources demonstrates instead great variability in form and function of religious sites, male and female gods and worship practices, and protocol among chiefs and commoners. The argument is developed that balance is reflected on the Hawaiian built landscape through the variability in the way people designed and used their spaces, diverging from stated ideals but without subverting the system. Similar gender-free agency is reflected in contemporary Hawaiian notions of mana and ea loosely translated as “flowing life forces” and “breath” which fill Hawaiian land/‘āina and wahi kūpuna with life and pulse in their living descendants. The conclusions highlight parallel collaborative projects in other parts of the world to bring to attention that Hawai‘i takes part in a global resurgence of Indigenous knowledge systems.

A form of activist archaeology is undertaken by conducting critical feminist intersectional research to promote social justice in representations of America’s heritage on historical markers in Detroit and surrounding Wayne County, Michigan, USA. This research substantially alters and expands intersectionality theory to analyze androcentrism, racism and ethnocentrism in historical markers. These biases are addressed with more inclusive information about (1) historical power dynamics between social groups and (2) accomplishments of minorities and women. More inclusive information in historical markers provides social justice for people who were marginalized in the past, and may inspire people working to decrease inequalities and oppressions today.

This special thematic issue includes some of the papers presented in two symposia on intersectionality theory and research that were presented at annual conferences of the Society for Historical Archaeology in 2017 and 2018. This introduction provides the historical context of the development of intersectionality theory, and the development of research and theorizing of intersectional identities and power dynamics in historical archaeology. Articles in this issue provide innovative theorizing and research that go beyond Crenshaw’s intersectionality theory, which analyzes the erasure and invisibility of the identity of Black women by intermeshed racism and sexism in the legal system administering anti-discrimination law.

Archaeology in the Community (AITC) is an urban-based archaeology organization founded with the intent of providing science opportunities to marginalized youth who would not be exposed to archaeology through their formal educational institutions. Through informal education techniques, AITC has sought to educate students that have become victims of unequal education system which benefits small pockets of students. AITC is a pioneer in leveraging unique models of intersectionality that positively impact and resonate with urban, socioeconomically challenged students of color in Washington, DC metropolitan area.

Between 1826 and 1955, the Augusta Arsenal operated on land currently occupied by the Summerville Campus of Augusta University. As a military site, it is often conceptualized as male gendered and war-centric social space. However, most of the artifacts recovered from the Arsenal directly address domestic activities and the presence of the wives and children of the officers and other personnel stationed there. This investigation contextualizes the hidden history of women and children at the Augusta Arsenal during the 19th century through the intersections of age, gender, and religion in the often-contested relationships between mothers and children.

Investigation into the lifeways of freedman George White suggest a successful farmer who purchased and kept approximately 600 acres, emancipated his family and built a safe community for them. Documentary research revealed small fragments about the female members of his family. Taking into consideration the multiple layers of social relationships and social constructions over time, how can archaeologists query the material traces of freed Black women? This paper considers how intersectionality and the resultant matrix of domination push for research that does not “yield to closure,” but asks acute questions concerning freed women and their experiences within developing power structures.

Through an examination of clothing, adornment, and hygiene artifacts recovered from the Quarters area of the Levi Jordan Plantation, this article examines how racial, gendered, and classed operations of power and oppression shaped African American women’s sartorial practices, as an aspect of identity formation, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Texas. Through a Black feminist framework, this article focuses on the ways African American women dressed their bodies for the types of labor they performed to discuss how they negotiated ideologies of race, gender, and class, that shaped hegemonic notions of femininity during the post-emancipation era.