Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1353/are.2023.a917344
Mario Telò
Abstract:
Building on Angela Davis' and other Black feminists' critiques of Discipline and Punish, this article reconsiders the important legacy of this book and of the writings of the Prisons Information Group, recently published as Intolerable (1970–1980), through the analysis of Alice Diop's Saint Omer, a 2022 film that imagines an immigrant Medea facing an infanticide conviction in a French courtroom: the symbol of a surveillance system where law and justice participate in racialized or racist oppression. By exploring adjacencies between Discipline and Punish and the "early" Foucault, in particular the essay "The Thought from Outside" in its connections with recent theorizations of Black fugitivity, the article suggests that a re-engagement with Foucault might allow us to test readings that reach beyond the viewers' mere self-awareness of their inescapable collusion with the Prison Industrial Complex. In Saint Omer, Medea seems to embody the fugitivity of a chromatic and affective blueness that stretches the marine environment and aquatic maternal care into the corpus of the movie, the filmic texture, suffusing docu-images with liquid lyricism, which voids the judicial apparatus, reducing it to desolation, an empty signifier.
{"title":"Medea in the Courtroom: Foucault, Alice Diop, and Abolition","authors":"Mario Telò","doi":"10.1353/are.2023.a917344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/are.2023.a917344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>Building on Angela Davis' and other Black feminists' critiques of <i>Discipline and Punish</i>, this article reconsiders the important legacy of this book and of the writings of the Prisons Information Group, recently published as <i>Intolerable (1970–1980</i>), through the analysis of Alice Diop's <i>Saint Omer</i>, a 2022 film that imagines an immigrant Medea facing an infanticide conviction in a French courtroom: the symbol of a surveillance system where law and justice participate in racialized or racist oppression. By exploring adjacencies between <i>Discipline and Punish</i> and the \"early\" Foucault, in particular the essay \"The Thought from Outside\" in its connections with recent theorizations of Black fugitivity, the article suggests that a re-engagement with Foucault might allow us to test readings that reach beyond the viewers' mere self-awareness of their inescapable collusion with the Prison Industrial Complex. In <i>Saint Omer</i>, Medea seems to embody the fugitivity of a chromatic and affective blueness that stretches the marine environment and aquatic maternal care into the corpus of the movie, the filmic texture, suffusing docu-images with liquid lyricism, which voids the judicial apparatus, reducing it to desolation, an empty signifier.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1353/are.2023.a917337
Roger D. Woodard
In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:
From the Editor:Foucault and Arethusa
Roger D. Woodard
As the contributors to this remarkable issue make plain, the focus on classical antiquity that would emerge conspicuously in the later years of Michel Foucault's too-short life was augured by earlier work—lectures and writings generated more than a decade before his death. Notable here is his work on Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus (a central concern of Miriam Leonard's contribution to this issue), which dates as early as 1972 (see below).
In the first half of the 1970s, Foucault would make several visits to the University at Buffalo (The State University of New York), visits initially organized by René Girard and the Department of French, of which John K. Simon was chair.1 It was early days still for Arethusa, a time when Charles Garton and J. P Sullivan held the editorial reins of the journal (1968–1971 and 1972–1975, respectively).
In March and April of 1970, Foucault lectured in Buffalo—at the university, but also at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery (now the Buffalo AKG Art Museum)—a lecture simply entitled "Edouard Manet."2 At the university, Foucault, who held the position of Visiting Faculty Professor, gave lectures on Nietzsche (one entitled "On Knowledge and Desire" anticipates Lectures on the Will to Know, the first course Foucault offered at the Collège de France), Sade (La Nouvelle Justine; for the lectures, see [End Page 255] the final two chapters of Foucault 2021), Balzac (chiefly The Quest of the Absolute), Flaubert (Bouvard and Pécuchet, but also The Temptation of St. Anthony and Madame Bovary), Bataille, and Blanchot (on Foucault and Blanchot, see Mario Telò's contribution in this issue).3 Foucault also presented a version of his lecture "What is an Author?"—first delivered ("Qu'est-ce qu'un auteur?") a year earlier to the Société française de philosophie, gathered at the Collège de France (for careful comparison of the two rather different versions, see Elden 2023.128–37).
It was during this first visit to UB that Foucault was named to the Collège de France (12 April 1970), filling the Chair of the History of Systems of Thought: the chair previously occupied by Jean Hyppolite (then the Chair in the History of Philosophical Thought), the Hegel scholar with whom Foucault had studied at the Lycée Henri-IV in Paris (1945–49). The announcement of Foucault's election was made on 12 April, three days prior to the beginning of a Buffalo symposium (Language and Cultural Discontinuities Symposium, 15–17 April) held in Foucault's honor, at which he presented a lecture entitled "The Discontinuities of Knowledge" (of which the manuscript seems not to have survived).
{"title":"From the Editor: Foucault and Arethusa","authors":"Roger D. Woodard","doi":"10.1353/are.2023.a917337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/are.2023.a917337","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> From the Editor:<span>Foucault and <em>Arethusa</em></span> <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Roger D. Woodard </li> </ul> <p>As the contributors to this remarkable issue make plain, the focus on classical antiquity that would emerge conspicuously in the later years of Michel Foucault's too-short life was augured by earlier work—lectures and writings generated more than a decade before his death. Notable here is his work on Sophocles' <em>Oedipus Tyrannus</em> (a central concern of Miriam Leonard's contribution to this issue), which dates as early as 1972 (see below).</p> <p>In the first half of the 1970s, Foucault would make several visits to the University at Buffalo (The State University of New York), visits initially organized by René Girard and the Department of French, of which John K. Simon was chair.<sup>1</sup> It was early days still for <em>Arethusa</em>, a time when Charles Garton and J. P Sullivan held the editorial reins of the journal (1968–1971 and 1972–1975, respectively).</p> <p>In March and April of 1970, Foucault lectured in Buffalo—at the university, but also at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery (now the Buffalo AKG Art Museum)—a lecture simply entitled \"Edouard Manet.\"<sup>2</sup> At the university, Foucault, who held the position of Visiting Faculty Professor, gave lectures on Nietzsche (one entitled \"On Knowledge and Desire\" anticipates <em>Lectures on the Will to Know</em>, the first course Foucault offered at the Collège de France), Sade (<em>La Nouvelle Justine</em>; for the lectures, see <strong>[End Page 255]</strong> the final two chapters of Foucault 2021), Balzac (chiefly <em>The Quest of the Absolute</em>), Flaubert (<em>Bouvard and Pécuchet</em>, but also <em>The Temptation of St. Anthony</em> and <em>Madame Bovary</em>), Bataille, and Blanchot (on Foucault and Blanchot, see Mario Telò's contribution in this issue).<sup>3</sup> Foucault also presented a version of his lecture \"What is an Author?\"—first delivered (\"Qu'est-ce qu'un auteur?\") a year earlier to the Société française de philosophie, gathered at the Collège de France (for careful comparison of the two rather different versions, see Elden 2023.128–37).</p> <p>It was during this first visit to UB that Foucault was named to the Collège de France (12 April 1970), filling the Chair of the History of Systems of Thought: the chair previously occupied by Jean Hyppolite (then the Chair in the History of Philosophical Thought), the Hegel scholar with whom Foucault had studied at the Lycée Henri-IV in Paris (1945–49). The announcement of Foucault's election was made on 12 April, three days prior to the beginning of a Buffalo symposium (Language and Cultural Discontinuities Symposium, 15–17 April) held in Foucault's honor, at which he presented a lecture entitled \"The Discontinuities of Knowledge\" (of which the manuscript seems not to have survived).","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139477044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1353/are.2023.a917340
Niki Kasumi Clements
Abstract:
In this article, I argue that Foucault's archives at the Bibliothèque nationale de France require that we re-evaluate the development of his tournant antique. Between 1976 and 1984, Foucault does not orchestrate a turn to ancient Greek and Roman ethics in a departure from his analysis of modern sexuality in the 1976 History of Sexuality, volume 1, as volumes 2 and 3 as published suggest. Instead, it is through his redrafting of volume 2 that he moves from early modern to late ancient Christians, to Greco-Roman philosophers, to ancient Greek philosophers. Tracing Foucault's use of the "moral of the elephant" both before and after his January 1981 Collège de France course provides a way to better understand how Foucault shifts and constructs his History of Sexuality series over his last decade.
{"title":"Elephants, Christians, and Pagans in the History of Sexuality","authors":"Niki Kasumi Clements","doi":"10.1353/are.2023.a917340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/are.2023.a917340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>In this article, I argue that Foucault's archives at the Bibliothèque nationale de France require that we re-evaluate the development of his <i>tournant antique</i>. Between 1976 and 1984, Foucault does not orchestrate a turn to ancient Greek and Roman ethics in a departure from his analysis of modern sexuality in the 1976 <i>History of Sexuality</i>, volume 1, as volumes 2 and 3 as published suggest. Instead, it is through his redrafting of volume 2 that he moves from early modern to late ancient Christians, to Greco-Roman philosophers, to ancient Greek philosophers. Tracing Foucault's use of the \"moral of the elephant\" both before and after his January 1981 Collège de France course provides a way to better understand how Foucault shifts and constructs his <i>History of Sexuality</i> series over his last decade.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139477047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1353/are.2023.a917342
James I. Porter
Abstract:
In the last three years of his life, Michel Foucault made a sudden and unexpected turn to the ancient Cynics. In lectures from 1982 to 1984, and most notably in his final Collège de France lectures from 1984 (The Courage of the Truth: The Government of Self and Others II), he sought to recover from the Cynics a potential for critique, militant revolution, and a courageous means of speaking truth to power. Foucault's engaged scholarship is inspiring, but in many respects, it is indistinguishable from conventional scholarly approaches to ancient Cynicism. In both cases, the Cynics are thought to comprise a philosophical movement that is founded on a core of principled commitments, for instance to virtuous self-restraint, ascetic training, the pursuit of freedom from externalities of all kinds, rationalism, self-mastery, self-sufficiency, individualism, and cosmopolitanism. To reassess Foucault's analysis, I first examine the pitfalls of this picture, which rests on a largely Stoic retrojection. I then offer an alternative reading of the early Cynics, Diogenes first and foremost, that shows them in a different light. In the final part of the article, I return to Foucault to see how he fares once a different framework for understanding the Cynics is put in place. Foucault's effort to view Cynicism as a bridge to early Christian practices is only the most extreme and most questionable upshot of his final legacy.
{"title":"The Cynics With and Without Foucault","authors":"James I. Porter","doi":"10.1353/are.2023.a917342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/are.2023.a917342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>In the last three years of his life, Michel Foucault made a sudden and unexpected turn to the ancient Cynics. In lectures from 1982 to 1984, and most notably in his final Collège de France lectures from 1984 (<i>The Courage of the Truth: The Government of Self and Others II</i>), he sought to recover from the Cynics a potential for critique, militant revolution, and a courageous means of speaking truth to power. Foucault's engaged scholarship is inspiring, but in many respects, it is indistinguishable from conventional scholarly approaches to ancient Cynicism. In both cases, the Cynics are thought to comprise a philosophical movement that is founded on a core of principled commitments, for instance to virtuous self-restraint, ascetic training, the pursuit of freedom from externalities of all kinds, rationalism, self-mastery, self-sufficiency, individualism, and cosmopolitanism. To reassess Foucault's analysis, I first examine the pitfalls of this picture, which rests on a largely Stoic retrojection. I then offer an alternative reading of the early Cynics, Diogenes first and foremost, that shows them in a different light. In the final part of the article, I return to Foucault to see how he fares once a different framework for understanding the Cynics is put in place. Foucault's effort to view Cynicism as a bridge to early Christian practices is only the most extreme and most questionable upshot of his final legacy.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1353/are.2023.a917343
Miriam Leonard
Abstract:
It has become increasingly common to draw connections between Michel Foucault and Hannah Arendt: there are strong continuities between their respective theories of power, and Foucault and Arendt share an account of modernity and of the entry of biological life into the political sphere. Both thinkers are also immersed in the texts of antiquity and place an analysis of the ancient world at the heart of their thinking about the modern condition. This article explores how their different accounts of Oedipus as a political figure reveal their preoccupations with questions of power and political subjectivity.
{"title":"The Power of Oedipus: Michel Foucault with Hannah Arendt","authors":"Miriam Leonard","doi":"10.1353/are.2023.a917343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/are.2023.a917343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>It has become increasingly common to draw connections between Michel Foucault and Hannah Arendt: there are strong continuities between their respective theories of power, and Foucault and Arendt share an account of modernity and of the entry of biological life into the political sphere. Both thinkers are also immersed in the texts of antiquity and place an analysis of the ancient world at the heart of their thinking about the modern condition. This article explores how their different accounts of Oedipus as a political figure reveal their preoccupations with questions of power and political subjectivity.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1353/are.2023.a907202
Mikolaj Domaradzki
The present paper discusses one of the most interesting and beautiful—yet widely ignored—interpretations of the story of Tantalus. In his Commentary on the Cratylus, Proclus expounds the tale as a cautionary allegory of the soul’s heavenly origin, its fall from grace, its punishment of incarnation, and its return to the noetic home. This article shows the novelty of Proclus’s account, and covers its historical and philosophical background.
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Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1353/are.2023.a907201
Ruth Parkes
Whether Claudian placed the seizure of Proserpina at Aetna or at Henna in his De Raptu Proserpinae is a controversial issue due to manuscript disagreement over place names. Looking at the question through a literary lens, this article argues in favour of locating the rape at Aetna. It sketches some critical approaches to Claudian’s De Raptu in regards to the poem’s structure and its relationship to literary models. It then considers what is at stake in understanding Aetna rather than Henna as the place of the rape and uses recent work on Claudian’s literary practices to assess the arguments.
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Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1353/are.2023.a907200
Benjamin Willstead
Meandering its way from Philodemus’s On Poems through to the writings of the Byzantine scholars Cometas and Leo the Philosopher, this article attempts to outline and identify the use of metaphors of “surface” and “depth” as they apply to texts in ancient literary criticism and compare such instances with their use today. In doing so, the hope is to weaponize classical texts to provide a means to think beyond “suspicious” hermeneutic approaches to literature, and to demonstrate the pitfalls of more recent attempts by literary scholars to do just this.
{"title":"Deep Surfaces and Surficial Depths: Ancient Literary Criticism and the Hermeneutics of Suspicion","authors":"Benjamin Willstead","doi":"10.1353/are.2023.a907200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/are.2023.a907200","url":null,"abstract":"Meandering its way from Philodemus’s On Poems through to the writings of the Byzantine scholars Cometas and Leo the Philosopher, this article attempts to outline and identify the use of metaphors of “surface” and “depth” as they apply to texts in ancient literary criticism and compare such instances with their use today. In doing so, the hope is to weaponize classical texts to provide a means to think beyond “suspicious” hermeneutic approaches to literature, and to demonstrate the pitfalls of more recent attempts by literary scholars to do just this.","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1353/are.2023.a907199
Richard Martin
Two Greek papyrus texts (Sophron frag. 4a, Alcman frag. 1.60–63) that describe ritual using verbs with unusual semantics are examined against a broader analytical background and with reference to comparative evidence. An underlying conceptual metaphor of ritual-as-fighting, seen elsewhere in ancient Greek literature and with parallels in both ancient and contemporary cultures of the Indian subcontinent, explains the use of the verb “box” (puktaleuein) in Sophron and “do battle” (makhesthai) in Alcman. The framework of metaphorical deployment supports etymological connections linking conceptions of Greek ritual expertise with that of the ancient Persian priests called magoi.
{"title":"Ritual as Battle: Conceptual Metaphor and Submerged Semantics in Sophron and Alcman","authors":"Richard Martin","doi":"10.1353/are.2023.a907199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/are.2023.a907199","url":null,"abstract":"Two Greek papyrus texts (Sophron frag. 4a, Alcman frag. 1.60–63) that describe ritual using verbs with unusual semantics are examined against a broader analytical background and with reference to comparative evidence. An underlying conceptual metaphor of ritual-as-fighting, seen elsewhere in ancient Greek literature and with parallels in both ancient and contemporary cultures of the Indian subcontinent, explains the use of the verb “box” (puktaleuein) in Sophron and “do battle” (makhesthai) in Alcman. The framework of metaphorical deployment supports etymological connections linking conceptions of Greek ritual expertise with that of the ancient Persian priests called magoi.","PeriodicalId":44750,"journal":{"name":"ARETHUSA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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