Pub Date : 1983-03-01DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04411.X
M. Sondhi
The procedure for generating a Gaussian process with a specified spectral density is well known. It is harder to generate a process with a specified spectral density and a specified first-order probability distribution. In this paper we explore, by simulation, the possibility of generating a process with such a dual specification by passing a Gaussian process with an appropriately chosen spectral density through an appropriately chosen zero-memory nonlinearity. Several applications are cited where such a dual specification is desirable.
{"title":"Random processes with specified spectral density and first-order probability density","authors":"M. Sondhi","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04411.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04411.X","url":null,"abstract":"The procedure for generating a Gaussian process with a specified spectral density is well known. It is harder to generate a process with a specified spectral density and a specified first-order probability distribution. In this paper we explore, by simulation, the possibility of generating a process with such a dual specification by passing a Gaussian process with an appropriately chosen spectral density through an appropriately chosen zero-memory nonlinearity. Several applications are cited where such a dual specification is desirable.","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126885325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-03-01DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04417.X
N. X. DeLessio, N. A. Martellotto
The Traffic Service Position System No. 1B (TSPS No. 1B) is the first field application of the Bell System's new 3B20 Duplex Processor (3B20D) in the emulation mode. The 3B20D Processor replaces the existing Stored Program Control No. 1A (SPC 1A), while retaining the existing TSPS periphery and software. A key factor is the ability to switch between the emulated software and the 3B20D native software within a single process with a single instruction. This allows the flexibility of adding software in either environment as appropriate.
{"title":"Traffic Service Position System No. 1B: System description","authors":"N. X. DeLessio, N. A. Martellotto","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04417.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04417.X","url":null,"abstract":"The Traffic Service Position System No. 1B (TSPS No. 1B) is the first field application of the Bell System's new 3B20 Duplex Processor (3B20D) in the emulation mode. The 3B20D Processor replaces the existing Stored Program Control No. 1A (SPC 1A), while retaining the existing TSPS periphery and software. A key factor is the ability to switch between the emulated software and the 3B20D native software within a single process with a single instruction. This allows the flexibility of adding software in either environment as appropriate.","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131636088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-03-01DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04408.X
A. Albanese
This paper describes the implementation of a multiple-access star network that uses a new collision-avoidance circuit to avoid collision of packets and to take full advantage of wideband transmission systems. The analysis shows that the resulting network has a channel capacity equal to 1, has good stability under heavy traffic conditions, allows transmission of packets shorter than the network round trip time, and provides distributed switching. Collision-avoidance circuits have been built and operated up to 50 Mb/s.
{"title":"Star network with collision-avoidance circuits","authors":"A. Albanese","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04408.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04408.X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the implementation of a multiple-access star network that uses a new collision-avoidance circuit to avoid collision of packets and to take full advantage of wideband transmission systems. The analysis shows that the resulting network has a channel capacity equal to 1, has good stability under heavy traffic conditions, allows transmission of packets shorter than the network round trip time, and provides distributed switching. Collision-avoidance circuits have been built and operated up to 50 Mb/s.","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115196997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-03-01DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04423.X
B. A. Crane, D. Suk
This paper describes the prediction and evaluation of the call-processing capacity and reliability resulting from use of the 3B20 Duplex (3B20D) Processor in the Traffic Service Position System No. 1B (TSPS No. 1B). The call-processing capacity was predicted using a processor real-time model whose parameter values were determined by laboratory and test-site measurements. The system reliability was predicted using Markov modeling techniques. Performing an evaluation during TSPS No. 1B development provided a means for monitoring progress toward meeting the capacity and reliability objectives.
{"title":"Traffic Service Position System No. 1B: Capacity and reliability evaluation","authors":"B. A. Crane, D. Suk","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04423.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04423.X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the prediction and evaluation of the call-processing capacity and reliability resulting from use of the 3B20 Duplex (3B20D) Processor in the Traffic Service Position System No. 1B (TSPS No. 1B). The call-processing capacity was predicted using a processor real-time model whose parameter values were determined by laboratory and test-site measurements. The system reliability was predicted using Markov modeling techniques. Performing an evaluation during TSPS No. 1B development provided a means for monitoring progress toward meeting the capacity and reliability objectives.","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125208205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-03-01DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04421.X
R. Ahmari, R. Dipietro, S. C. Reed, J. Williams
The integration testing and system testing strategies used in the development of the Traffic Service Position System No. 1B (TSPS No. 1B) are described in this article. It discusses novel methods developed for the integration and testing of the first embedded application of the 3B20D Processor and DMERT operating system. The new testing techniques and project management aides, which were vital to the achievement of system quality for the Bell System service, are described. The first TSPS No. 1B went into service on November 20, 1981, in Fresno, California.
{"title":"Traffic Service Position System No. 1B: Integration and system testing","authors":"R. Ahmari, R. Dipietro, S. C. Reed, J. Williams","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04421.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04421.X","url":null,"abstract":"The integration testing and system testing strategies used in the development of the Traffic Service Position System No. 1B (TSPS No. 1B) are described in this article. It discusses novel methods developed for the integration and testing of the first embedded application of the 3B20D Processor and DMERT operating system. The new testing techniques and project management aides, which were vital to the achievement of system quality for the Bell System service, are described. The first TSPS No. 1B went into service on November 20, 1981, in Fresno, California.","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117234379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-03-01DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04418.X
R. Gill, G. J. Kujawinski, E. H. Stredde
The Traffic Service Position System No. 1B (TSPS No. 1B) architecture was conceived to increase performance significantly for future features and traffic growth. The design preserves the TSPS No. 1 software with minimal changes. At the same time, the 3B20 Duplex Processor (3B20D) used in TSPS No. 1B provides additional processor peripherals and a modern programming environment with a real-time operating system. This paper describes how the TSPS No. 1 software, initially designed to run on the Stored Program Control No. 1A (SPC 1A), executes on the SPC 1B of the TSPS No. 1B. The SPC 1B is a 3B20D tailored for the TSPS application and provides an SPC 1A environment by directly emulating its instruction set. The paper also presents major TSPS application processes and their interaction with the emulated TSPS process and the Duplex Multi-Environment Real-Time (DMERT) operating system of the SPC 1B. In addition, the paper describes the integration of TSPS maintenance software into the DMERT maintenance structure.
{"title":"Traffic Service Position System No. 1B: Real-time architecture utilizing the DMERT operating system","authors":"R. Gill, G. J. Kujawinski, E. H. Stredde","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04418.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04418.X","url":null,"abstract":"The Traffic Service Position System No. 1B (TSPS No. 1B) architecture was conceived to increase performance significantly for future features and traffic growth. The design preserves the TSPS No. 1 software with minimal changes. At the same time, the 3B20 Duplex Processor (3B20D) used in TSPS No. 1B provides additional processor peripherals and a modern programming environment with a real-time operating system. This paper describes how the TSPS No. 1 software, initially designed to run on the Stored Program Control No. 1A (SPC 1A), executes on the SPC 1B of the TSPS No. 1B. The SPC 1B is a 3B20D tailored for the TSPS application and provides an SPC 1A environment by directly emulating its instruction set. The paper also presents major TSPS application processes and their interaction with the emulated TSPS process and the Duplex Multi-Environment Real-Time (DMERT) operating system of the SPC 1B. In addition, the paper describes the integration of TSPS maintenance software into the DMERT maintenance structure.","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114280808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1983-03-01DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04406.X
R. Semplak
This paper describes measurements of a simple but effective means for reducing selective near-in sidelobe levels of a pyramidal horn-reflector antenna by using microwave absorber to modify the electric field across the reflector surface of the horn-reflector antenna. Examples of several modifications (made in the transverse plane for transverse polarization) are discussed and compared with data obtained before modification. Good reductions are achieved in the region of 2 to 6 degrees from the main beam. For example, an improvement was obtained on the order of 4 dB in the first sidelobe level with corresponding improvements of 8 and 10 dB in the angular region of the second and third sidelobe levels. One would expect some of the far-out sidelobe regions to increase; however, the reductions obtained in the levels of the near-in sidelobes could warrant a trade-off.
{"title":"Measurements of selective near-in sidelobe reduction of a pyramidal, horn-reflector antenna","authors":"R. Semplak","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04406.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04406.X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes measurements of a simple but effective means for reducing selective near-in sidelobe levels of a pyramidal horn-reflector antenna by using microwave absorber to modify the electric field across the reflector surface of the horn-reflector antenna. Examples of several modifications (made in the transverse plane for transverse polarization) are discussed and compared with data obtained before modification. Good reductions are achieved in the region of 2 to 6 degrees from the main beam. For example, an improvement was obtained on the order of 4 dB in the first sidelobe level with corresponding improvements of 8 and 10 dB in the angular region of the second and third sidelobe levels. One would expect some of the far-out sidelobe regions to increase; however, the reductions obtained in the levels of the near-in sidelobes could warrant a trade-off.","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121345021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-11-01DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1982.TB03453.X
R. Adams, J. Fisher, O. Petersen, I. Post
This article describes the design of a new thin-film dual active filter for pulse code modulation (PCM) systems. A synergistic combination of circuit, silicon, and thin-film innovations has reduced the size, power, and cost of the filter and has expanded its applications. In the latest design, both the band-limiting and reconstruction filters are fabricated on a single ceramic hybrid integrated circuit in a way which significantly reduces their size, power, and cost, along with improving their performance. The filters are fabricated using laser-patterned and laser-trimmed thin-film resistors, a custom-designed complementary bipolar quint operational amplifier (op-amp), and reduced-capacitance circuit design with an innovative interconnection technique. The techniques used to minimize crosstalk between the filter sections are also described and performance data is presented. The evolution of thin-film filters for Bell System PCM systems is also briefly reviewed.
{"title":"D4 Digital Channel Bank Family: Thin-film dual active filter for pulse code modulation systems","authors":"R. Adams, J. Fisher, O. Petersen, I. Post","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1982.TB03453.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1982.TB03453.X","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the design of a new thin-film dual active filter for pulse code modulation (PCM) systems. A synergistic combination of circuit, silicon, and thin-film innovations has reduced the size, power, and cost of the filter and has expanded its applications. In the latest design, both the band-limiting and reconstruction filters are fabricated on a single ceramic hybrid integrated circuit in a way which significantly reduces their size, power, and cost, along with improving their performance. The filters are fabricated using laser-patterned and laser-trimmed thin-film resistors, a custom-designed complementary bipolar quint operational amplifier (op-amp), and reduced-capacitance circuit design with an innovative interconnection technique. The techniques used to minimize crosstalk between the filter sections are also described and performance data is presented. The evolution of thin-film filters for Bell System PCM systems is also briefly reviewed.","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118207397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-11-01DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1982.TB03434.X
C. C. Wang, C. P. Huang
The Database Administration System (DBAS) is a software system designed for the Bell Operating Companies to administer several remote, on-line, call-processing-related databases. These remote databases include, for example, the Billing Validation Application files associated with mechanized calling card service, and support for the Automatic Intercept Centers. Briefly, DBAS accepts service-order inputs and forwards them to other databases. DBAS serves as a buffer between the high-speed, real-time-sensitive billing validation applications and low-speed, nonuniform, service-order inputs. DBAS also provides an on-line database to support various administrative functions for the Bell Operating Companies. The major challenge to the DBAS design lies in the size of the database (up to 12-million telephone station records) and its throughput update volume (up to 100,000 random updates per 10-hour day).
{"title":"Database systems: Database administration system — Architecture and design issues","authors":"C. C. Wang, C. P. Huang","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1982.TB03434.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1982.TB03434.X","url":null,"abstract":"The Database Administration System (DBAS) is a software system designed for the Bell Operating Companies to administer several remote, on-line, call-processing-related databases. These remote databases include, for example, the Billing Validation Application files associated with mechanized calling card service, and support for the Automatic Intercept Centers. Briefly, DBAS accepts service-order inputs and forwards them to other databases. DBAS serves as a buffer between the high-speed, real-time-sensitive billing validation applications and low-speed, nonuniform, service-order inputs. DBAS also provides an on-line database to support various administrative functions for the Bell Operating Companies. The major challenge to the DBAS design lies in the size of the database (up to 12-million telephone station records) and its throughput update volume (up to 100,000 random updates per 10-hour day).","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118530244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-11-01DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1982.TB03435.X
By D. Cohen
This paper describes the design and implementation of a special-purpose distributed data management system. The design and implementation were parts of a study to evaluate the database management needs of software-defined logical subnetworks. The paper describes the authorization model used to define logical subnetworks and the related subnetwork management transactions. The definition of the subnetworks and their service capabilities are stored in a distributed database. The distributed database architecture and the implemented software architecture are described. The requirement to design and implement within a specific time frame has kept the design simple, but the nature of the application dictated that we consider many aspects of the more general distributed data-management problem. The database management issues that are addressed in this paper, in the context of transaction processing, include multicopy updates, concurrency control, and crash recovery. A version of the primary node concept for multicopy updates was adopted. Data inconsistencies, created by premature termination of transaction processing (e.g., system crash), are detected and removed by the software.
{"title":"Database systems: Implementation of a distributed database management system to support logical subnetworks","authors":"By D. Cohen","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1982.TB03435.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1982.TB03435.X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design and implementation of a special-purpose distributed data management system. The design and implementation were parts of a study to evaluate the database management needs of software-defined logical subnetworks. The paper describes the authorization model used to define logical subnetworks and the related subnetwork management transactions. The definition of the subnetworks and their service capabilities are stored in a distributed database. The distributed database architecture and the implemented software architecture are described. The requirement to design and implement within a specific time frame has kept the design simple, but the nature of the application dictated that we consider many aspects of the more general distributed data-management problem. The database management issues that are addressed in this paper, in the context of transaction processing, include multicopy updates, concurrency control, and crash recovery. A version of the primary node concept for multicopy updates was adopted. Data inconsistencies, created by premature termination of transaction processing (e.g., system crash), are detected and removed by the software.","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"54 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"119415304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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