Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.7591/9781501726682-003
Sarah Humphrey
AD F arranged with data features ADS announcement distribution system A L U arithmetic logic unit APUF autonomous peripheral unit failure ASW all seems well AWG American Wire Gauge AUTOVON automatic voice network BLM base level maintenance BOOTCNTL bootstrap control program BSRF Bell System reference frequency CAMA centralized automatic message accounting CAROT centralized automatic reporting on trunks CC control clock CCIS common channel interoffice signaling CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (Comitι Consultatif International Tιlι graphique et Tιlιphonique) CESR controller error source register CI control interface CLF clear forward CMOS complementary MOS CMP complete CMS circuit maintenance system CPU central processing unit CR call register DCON diagnostic control DDD direct distance dialing DDI direct data insert DIC digital interface controller DIF digital interface DIFRINTR digital interface frame interrupt recovery package DIPs dual in-line packages DIU digital interface unit DMA direct memory access DP dial pulse DT digroup terminal DTCRs dedicated time-slot interchange connection registers ECL emitter-coupled logic EIA Electronic Industries Association EIB extended internal buses ENSIG enable signaling
adf安排有数据特征ADS公告分配系统A L U算术逻辑单元APUF自主外设单元故障ASW一切正常AWG美国线规AUTOVON自动话音网络BLM基级维护BOOTCNTL自举控制程序BSRF贝尔系统参考频率CAMA集中自动消息计费CAROT集中自动中继报告CC控制时钟CCIS公用信道局间信令CCITT国际电报电话咨询委员会(ComitιConsultatif国际T lιι-图表等T lιιphonique) CESR控制器误差源寄存器CI控制接口CLF明确提出CMOS互补金属氧化物半导体CMP完整的CMS电路维护系统中央处理单元CR DDD距离直接拨号呼叫登记深度常数诊断控制DDI直接数据插入DIC数字接口控制器DIF数字接口DIFRINTR数字接口帧中断复苏计划下降双列直插式封装DIU数字接口单元DMA直接存储器访问DP拨号脉冲DT双组终端dtcr专用时隙交换连接寄存器发射器耦合逻辑EIA电子工业协会EIB扩展内部总线ENSIG使信令
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.9783/9780812207873.xix
Aoad Arab
Use of Energy AREE Aqaba Residence Energy Efficiency ARWR Actual Renewable Water Resources ASABE American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASDRR Arab Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction ASFSD Arab Strategic Framework for Sustainable Development ASPnet Associated Schools Project Network ASR Aquifer Storage and Recovery AU African Union AUB American University of Beirut AUM American University of Madaba (Jordan) AVL Automatic Vehicle Location AWA Arab Water Academy AWC Arab Water Council AWCUA Arab Water Countries Utilities Association b/d Barrels per Day BADEA Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa BAU Business as Usual Bbl Oil Barrel BCH Biosafety Clearing House Bcm Billion cubic meters BCWUA Branch Canal Water User Association BDB Beyond Design Basis BDL Central Bank of Lebanon BEPS Base Erosion And Profit Shifting BGR German Geological Survey BMP Best Management Practices BMZ German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development BNEF Bloomberg New Energy Finance BOD Biological Oxygen Demand boe Barrels of Oil Equivalent BOO Build-Own-Operate BOOT Build Own Operate Transfer BOT Build Operate Transfer BP British Petroleum BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method BRO Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis BRS ARZ Building Rating System BSI Biome Solar Industry 10YFP Ten Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production AAAID Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and
{"title":"Acronyms and abbreviations","authors":"Aoad Arab","doi":"10.9783/9780812207873.xix","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812207873.xix","url":null,"abstract":"Use of Energy AREE Aqaba Residence Energy Efficiency ARWR Actual Renewable Water Resources ASABE American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASDRR Arab Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction ASFSD Arab Strategic Framework for Sustainable Development ASPnet Associated Schools Project Network ASR Aquifer Storage and Recovery AU African Union AUB American University of Beirut AUM American University of Madaba (Jordan) AVL Automatic Vehicle Location AWA Arab Water Academy AWC Arab Water Council AWCUA Arab Water Countries Utilities Association b/d Barrels per Day BADEA Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa BAU Business as Usual Bbl Oil Barrel BCH Biosafety Clearing House Bcm Billion cubic meters BCWUA Branch Canal Water User Association BDB Beyond Design Basis BDL Central Bank of Lebanon BEPS Base Erosion And Profit Shifting BGR German Geological Survey BMP Best Management Practices BMZ German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development BNEF Bloomberg New Energy Finance BOD Biological Oxygen Demand boe Barrels of Oil Equivalent BOO Build-Own-Operate BOOT Build Own Operate Transfer BOT Build Operate Transfer BP British Petroleum BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method BRO Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis BRS ARZ Building Rating System BSI Biome Solar Industry 10YFP Ten Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production AAAID Arab Authority for Agricultural Investment and","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133148261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04401.X
J. Quinn, R. L. Engram, F. Goetz
Comprehensive diagnostic tests and multifeatured control software designed for execution on several host processors help craft to quickly isolate faulty hardware anywhere in the 3B20D Processor. Besides meeting the requirements for Bell System switching systems, the 3B20D diagnostics provide a high degree of modularity and portability using an operating-system-based structure. The diagnostics are used in a wide range of development, production, and maintenance activities throughout the project life cycle. Many features of the system architecture and hardware are provided to allow thorough diagnosis in a time-shared noninterfering manner. Additional features are provided in the diagnostic control structure to extend the DMERT diagnostic capabilities to application systems based on the 3B20D Processor.
{"title":"The 3B20D Processor & DMERT operating system: Diagnostic tests and control software","authors":"J. Quinn, R. L. Engram, F. Goetz","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04401.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1983.TB04401.X","url":null,"abstract":"Comprehensive diagnostic tests and multifeatured control software designed for execution on several host processors help craft to quickly isolate faulty hardware anywhere in the 3B20D Processor. Besides meeting the requirements for Bell System switching systems, the 3B20D diagnostics provide a high degree of modularity and portability using an operating-system-based structure. The diagnostics are used in a wide range of development, production, and maintenance activities throughout the project life cycle. Many features of the system architecture and hardware are provided to allow thorough diagnosis in a time-shared noninterfering manner. Additional features are provided in the diagnostic control structure to extend the DMERT diagnostic capabilities to application systems based on the 3B20D Processor.","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"483 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120137661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-09658-1_1
D. Matishov, G. Matishov
{"title":"History and methods","authors":"D. Matishov, G. Matishov","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-09658-1_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09658-1_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134398836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.9783/9780812207736.xv
mUsjE wERROR
{"title":"Acronyms and abbreviations","authors":"mUsjE wERROR","doi":"10.9783/9780812207736.xv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812207736.xv","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129088286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/10382.003.0003
Nations Unies
Doctors’ speech is full of abbreviations. Including the writing, we use several abbreviations per minute. This high prevalence has led us to consider medical abbreviations as a challenging pandemic. Not only are doctors aware of medical abbreviations, but patients are familiar with many of them as well. Not uncommonly a patient in the UK would tell you in consultation something like “I have this weakness in my leg, and I am worried about MS” (multiple sclerosis). In my early months in London, I learnt many medical abbreviations from the patients themselves!
{"title":"Acronyms and abbreviations","authors":"Nations Unies","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/10382.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10382.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Doctors’ speech is full of abbreviations. Including the writing, we use several abbreviations per minute. This high prevalence has led us to consider medical abbreviations as a challenging pandemic. Not only are doctors aware of medical abbreviations, but patients are familiar with many of them as well. Not uncommonly a patient in the UK would tell you in consultation something like “I have this weakness in my leg, and I am worried about MS” (multiple sclerosis). In my early months in London, I learnt many medical abbreviations from the patients themselves!","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115592411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.9783/9780812293753-002
Gabon Economic Update, T. Contents, Gregory Smith, Rick Emery Tsouck Ibounde, S. Coulibaly
{"title":"Acronyms and abbreviations","authors":"Gabon Economic Update, T. Contents, Gregory Smith, Rick Emery Tsouck Ibounde, S. Coulibaly","doi":"10.9783/9780812293753-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812293753-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126114857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has long been known that an electro-magnet gives forth a decided sound when it is suddenly magnetized or demagnetized. When the circuit upon which it is placed is rapidly made and broken, a succession of explosive noises proceeds from the magnet. These sounds produce upon the ear the effect of a musical note, when the current is interrupted a sufficient number of times per second. The discovery of “Galvanic Music,” by Page,* in 1837, led inquirers in different parts of the world almost simultaneously to enter into the field of telephonic research; and the acoustical effects produced by magnetization were carefully studied by Marrian, †Beatson, ‡Gassiot,§DelaRive,|| Matteucci,* Guillemin,† Wertheim,‡ Wartmann,§ Janniar,|| Joule,¶ Laborde,** Legat,‡‡Reis,‡‡Poggendorff,§§ Du Moncel, || || Delezenne,¶¶ and others.***
{"title":"I. researches in telephony","authors":"A. Bell","doi":"10.2307/25138430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/25138430","url":null,"abstract":"It has long been known that an electro-magnet gives forth a decided sound when it is suddenly magnetized or demagnetized. When the circuit upon which it is placed is rapidly made and broken, a succession of explosive noises proceeds from the magnet. These sounds produce upon the ear the effect of a musical note, when the current is interrupted a sufficient number of times per second. The discovery of “Galvanic Music,” by Page,<sup>*</sup> in 1837, led inquirers in different parts of the world almost simultaneously to enter into the field of telephonic research; and the acoustical effects produced by magnetization were carefully studied by Marrian, †Beatson, ‡Gassiot,§DelaRive,|| Matteucci,<sup>*</sup> Guillemin,† Wertheim,‡ Wartmann,§ Janniar,|| Joule,¶ Laborde,<sup>**</sup> Legat,‡‡Reis,‡‡Poggendorff,§§ Du Moncel, || || Delezenne,¶¶ and others.<sup>***</sup>","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129185443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1002/J.1538-7305.1982.TB00326.X
E. Shichor
This paper presents the theory for a rapidly converging adaptive linear digital filter. The filter weights are updated for every new input sample. This way the filter is optimal (in the minimum mean square error sense) for all past data up to the present, at all instants of time. This adaptive filter has thus the fastest possible rate of convergence. Such an adaptive filter, which is highly desirable for use in dynamical systems, e.g., digital equalizers, used to require on the order of N2 multiplications for an N-tap filter at each instant of time. Recent “fast” algorithms have reduced this number to like 10 N. One of these algorithms has the lattice form, and is shown here to have some interesting properties: It decorrelates the input data to a new set of orthogonal components using an adaptive, Gram-Schmidt like, transformation. Unlike other fast algorithms of the Kalman form, the filter length can be changed at any time with no need to restart or modify previous results. It is conjectured that these properties will make it less sensitive to digital quantization errors in finite word-length implementation.
{"title":"Fast recursive estimation using the lattice structure","authors":"E. Shichor","doi":"10.1002/J.1538-7305.1982.TB00326.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/J.1538-7305.1982.TB00326.X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the theory for a rapidly converging adaptive linear digital filter. The filter weights are updated for every new input sample. This way the filter is optimal (in the minimum mean square error sense) for all past data up to the present, at all instants of time. This adaptive filter has thus the fastest possible rate of convergence. Such an adaptive filter, which is highly desirable for use in dynamical systems, e.g., digital equalizers, used to require on the order of N2 multiplications for an N-tap filter at each instant of time. Recent “fast” algorithms have reduced this number to like 10 N. One of these algorithms has the lattice form, and is shown here to have some interesting properties: It decorrelates the input data to a new set of orthogonal components using an adaptive, Gram-Schmidt like, transformation. Unlike other fast algorithms of the Kalman form, the filter length can be changed at any time with no need to restart or modify previous results. It is conjectured that these properties will make it less sensitive to digital quantization errors in finite word-length implementation.","PeriodicalId":447574,"journal":{"name":"The Bell System Technical Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118559378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.7591/9781501732805-002
1.1 BACKGRoUnd
AE ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AL AGRICULTURAL LABOUR ALM AGRICULTURAL LABOUR MIGRANTS CI CROP INTENSITY CDI CROP DIVERSIFICATION INDEX CL CULTIVATORS CM CULTIVATORS MIGRANTS DCA DOUBLE CROPPED AREA EV ELECTRIFIED VILLAGE FAO FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION GHG GREEN HOUSE GAS GIA GROSS IRRIGATED AREA GIS GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM GCA GROSS CROPPED AREA Ima MOISTURE ADEQUACY INDEX Ia ARIDITY INDEX Im MOISTURE INDEX
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