Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1215/23289252-9311060
Beans Velocci
In the 1950s and early 1960s, Harry Benjamin and his colleague Elmer Belt corresponded at length about which transsexuals they would and would not approve for genital surgery. Benjamin defined transsexuality primarily through a desire for medical transition, but merely being a transsexual in this definition did not automatically result in surgical eligibility. Benjamin and Belt remained preoccupied with the possibility that transsexuals would regret their surgeries and seek legal or personal revenge, and thus their assessments of who should have surgery focused more on the possibility of a bad outcome than adherence to gender norms or classification as transsexual. The informal clinical practices they worked out to protect themselves in these early years of American trans medicine would ultimately go on to structure more formalized Standards of Care. Benjamin and Belt's fears, and their resulting decision-making processes, thus played a crucial role in the production of the category “transsexual.” Throughout their correspondence and clinical practice, the transsexual emerged as a threat to medical providers, and a subject incapable of making their own bodily decisions, needing to be protected from themselves. While assessments of gender identity and gendered behavior factored into these decisions, their decisions about who might regret transition treated gender as primarily practical and functional, and made an unshakable internal gender identity a necessary but insufficient criterion for granting a patient access to surgery.
{"title":"Standards of Care","authors":"Beans Velocci","doi":"10.1215/23289252-9311060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9311060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the 1950s and early 1960s, Harry Benjamin and his colleague Elmer Belt corresponded at length about which transsexuals they would and would not approve for genital surgery. Benjamin defined transsexuality primarily through a desire for medical transition, but merely being a transsexual in this definition did not automatically result in surgical eligibility. Benjamin and Belt remained preoccupied with the possibility that transsexuals would regret their surgeries and seek legal or personal revenge, and thus their assessments of who should have surgery focused more on the possibility of a bad outcome than adherence to gender norms or classification as transsexual. The informal clinical practices they worked out to protect themselves in these early years of American trans medicine would ultimately go on to structure more formalized Standards of Care. Benjamin and Belt's fears, and their resulting decision-making processes, thus played a crucial role in the production of the category “transsexual.” Throughout their correspondence and clinical practice, the transsexual emerged as a threat to medical providers, and a subject incapable of making their own bodily decisions, needing to be protected from themselves. While assessments of gender identity and gendered behavior factored into these decisions, their decisions about who might regret transition treated gender as primarily practical and functional, and made an unshakable internal gender identity a necessary but insufficient criterion for granting a patient access to surgery.","PeriodicalId":44767,"journal":{"name":"TSQ-Transgender Studies Quarterly","volume":"1983 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82212963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1215/23289252-9009010
Penrose M. Allphin
Composer intent has generally been downplayed by contemporary music analysts, often being regarded as an example of an intentional fallacy at best and misleading at worst. This analysis of Grey Grant's choral work posits that such a dismissal not only ignores the potential for an enhanced expressive context afforded by composers' own assessments, but it also contributes to the silencing of already marginalized voices, such as in the case of transgender composers. The author proposes a methodology that incorporates the voices of living composers while circumventing concerns about confirmation bias by building on the framework of music theory, queer musicology, and queer theory. The article demonstrates this theoretical framework using an interview of a transgender composer to supplement an analysis of their contemporary choral piece. By analyzing the work with the added context of the composer's statements about their own music, the author paints a more complete picture of the work, one that reinvests music analysis with the trans voice behind the composition.
{"title":"Trans Sonorities in Grey Grant's “Drones for the In-Between Times”","authors":"Penrose M. Allphin","doi":"10.1215/23289252-9009010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9009010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Composer intent has generally been downplayed by contemporary music analysts, often being regarded as an example of an intentional fallacy at best and misleading at worst. This analysis of Grey Grant's choral work posits that such a dismissal not only ignores the potential for an enhanced expressive context afforded by composers' own assessments, but it also contributes to the silencing of already marginalized voices, such as in the case of transgender composers. The author proposes a methodology that incorporates the voices of living composers while circumventing concerns about confirmation bias by building on the framework of music theory, queer musicology, and queer theory. The article demonstrates this theoretical framework using an interview of a transgender composer to supplement an analysis of their contemporary choral piece. By analyzing the work with the added context of the composer's statements about their own music, the author paints a more complete picture of the work, one that reinvests music analysis with the trans voice behind the composition.","PeriodicalId":44767,"journal":{"name":"TSQ-Transgender Studies Quarterly","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91334266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1215/23289252-9008996
Gina Gwenffrewi
Within transgender studies, Jan Morris casts a problematic shadow, with Aren Aizura identifying how “Morris's entire literary and historical oeuvre . . . [is] a tacit articulation of a British colonial ideology.” Yet this position appears to be based on Morris's works between the 1950s and 1970s, up to and including her memoir Conundrum, and represents arguably only the first of three periods in Morris's writing. This essay argues that two subsequent periods diversify our understanding of Morris as a complex, transcultural figure: her broadly leftist, anticolonial writing on Wales and the Welsh language (1980s–90s), and then in the twenty-first century when Morris increasingly appears to question the colonial, nationalist, and cisheteropatriarchal ideologies that have shaped her previous writing. This essay concludes that Morris's body of work provides valuable evidence as to the complex interplay of Welsh, British, and European conceptions of gender that characterize her attitude and writing on transgender identity.
{"title":"Hiraethi Jan Morris","authors":"Gina Gwenffrewi","doi":"10.1215/23289252-9008996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9008996","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Within transgender studies, Jan Morris casts a problematic shadow, with Aren Aizura identifying how “Morris's entire literary and historical oeuvre . . . [is] a tacit articulation of a British colonial ideology.” Yet this position appears to be based on Morris's works between the 1950s and 1970s, up to and including her memoir Conundrum, and represents arguably only the first of three periods in Morris's writing. This essay argues that two subsequent periods diversify our understanding of Morris as a complex, transcultural figure: her broadly leftist, anticolonial writing on Wales and the Welsh language (1980s–90s), and then in the twenty-first century when Morris increasingly appears to question the colonial, nationalist, and cisheteropatriarchal ideologies that have shaped her previous writing. This essay concludes that Morris's body of work provides valuable evidence as to the complex interplay of Welsh, British, and European conceptions of gender that characterize her attitude and writing on transgender identity.","PeriodicalId":44767,"journal":{"name":"TSQ-Transgender Studies Quarterly","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85284903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1215/23289252-9009024
Eden Kinkaid
{"title":"Toward a Trans Ethos of Care","authors":"Eden Kinkaid","doi":"10.1215/23289252-9009024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9009024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44767,"journal":{"name":"TSQ-Transgender Studies Quarterly","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85851710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1215/23289252-9009003
Rully Mallay, Benjamin Hegarty, Sandeep Nanwani, Ignatius Praptoraharjo
This essay contains an introduction and a translation of an account provided in Indonesian by Rully Mallay, a transgender community leader and activist at the Kebaya Foundation, a shelter for people living with HIV in the province of Yogyakarta. It describes the impact of restrictions imposed to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and mobilization in response to it by those who identify as “waria” between February and September 2020. Waria played a pivotal role in mobilizing a community response in that city, providing support not only to their own community but also to other marginal groups impacted in similar ways. Harsh lockdown measures imposed to respond to COVID-19 disproportionately affected waria, cutting off access to economic and community support. This was particularly acute for the many waria without state-issued identity cards. Nevertheless, Rully expresses her hope that through the skills and adaptability they have demonstrated in their response to the public health emergency, they might achieve recognition and acceptance from Indonesian society.
{"title":"One Transgender Community's Experience of the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Rully Mallay, Benjamin Hegarty, Sandeep Nanwani, Ignatius Praptoraharjo","doi":"10.1215/23289252-9009003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9009003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay contains an introduction and a translation of an account provided in Indonesian by Rully Mallay, a transgender community leader and activist at the Kebaya Foundation, a shelter for people living with HIV in the province of Yogyakarta. It describes the impact of restrictions imposed to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and mobilization in response to it by those who identify as “waria” between February and September 2020. Waria played a pivotal role in mobilizing a community response in that city, providing support not only to their own community but also to other marginal groups impacted in similar ways. Harsh lockdown measures imposed to respond to COVID-19 disproportionately affected waria, cutting off access to economic and community support. This was particularly acute for the many waria without state-issued identity cards. Nevertheless, Rully expresses her hope that through the skills and adaptability they have demonstrated in their response to the public health emergency, they might achieve recognition and acceptance from Indonesian society.","PeriodicalId":44767,"journal":{"name":"TSQ-Transgender Studies Quarterly","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78183436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1215/23289252-9008989
Kristine E. Newhall
As trans visibility grows, the investment in a sex/gender binary gets more entrenched in some cultural institutions, including—and maybe especially—sports. Policies governing gender identity in sports have multiplied since the 1990s. How sports governing bodies have approached policy creation has differed widely in the past two decades, reflecting philosophical differences regarding fairness of competition and ingrained beliefs about sex and gender. This article examines the policy created by an intercollegiate cycling conference using subculture theory to explain the divergence from extant policies. It also looks at the connection to the ongoing sex/gender verification process for elite female athletes and the ways in which all policing of gender is always already a legacy of imperialist practices.
{"title":"“Mostly What We Do Is Ride Bikes”","authors":"Kristine E. Newhall","doi":"10.1215/23289252-9008989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9008989","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As trans visibility grows, the investment in a sex/gender binary gets more entrenched in some cultural institutions, including—and maybe especially—sports. Policies governing gender identity in sports have multiplied since the 1990s. How sports governing bodies have approached policy creation has differed widely in the past two decades, reflecting philosophical differences regarding fairness of competition and ingrained beliefs about sex and gender. This article examines the policy created by an intercollegiate cycling conference using subculture theory to explain the divergence from extant policies. It also looks at the connection to the ongoing sex/gender verification process for elite female athletes and the ways in which all policing of gender is always already a legacy of imperialist practices.","PeriodicalId":44767,"journal":{"name":"TSQ-Transgender Studies Quarterly","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88720379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1215/23289252-9008982
Shaedyn Miller
Because we live in a cisnormative society, trans inclusion is often filtered through cis subjectivities, allowing real or potential allies to “make sense” of transness without decentering their own experiences. This article investigates these dynamics through analysis of “trans aesthetics”—the symbols, language, and cultural meanings stereotypically associated with transness—when used by cisgender queer college students to signal trans-inclusive investments and forge solidarity with trans peers. This study examines three deployments of trans aesthetics: 1) using queer to signal trans-inclusive identities and community, 2) routinizing pronoun introductions, and 3) formulating “similes of oppression” that link trans and cisgender queer people's experiences of heterosexism. While potentiating opportunities for trans solidarity and inclusion, these practices simultaneously reinscribe cisnormative understandings and articulations of gender by empowering cisgender students to filter transness through their own lenses, and to construct hybrid cis subjectivities in the process. Ultimately, this research extends trans and critical allyship studies through empirical analysis of how cisnormativity infuses ostensibly trans-inclusive discourses.
{"title":"Trans Aesthetics and Similes of Oppression","authors":"Shaedyn Miller","doi":"10.1215/23289252-9008982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/23289252-9008982","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Because we live in a cisnormative society, trans inclusion is often filtered through cis subjectivities, allowing real or potential allies to “make sense” of transness without decentering their own experiences. This article investigates these dynamics through analysis of “trans aesthetics”—the symbols, language, and cultural meanings stereotypically associated with transness—when used by cisgender queer college students to signal trans-inclusive investments and forge solidarity with trans peers. This study examines three deployments of trans aesthetics: 1) using queer to signal trans-inclusive identities and community, 2) routinizing pronoun introductions, and 3) formulating “similes of oppression” that link trans and cisgender queer people's experiences of heterosexism. While potentiating opportunities for trans solidarity and inclusion, these practices simultaneously reinscribe cisnormative understandings and articulations of gender by empowering cisgender students to filter transness through their own lenses, and to construct hybrid cis subjectivities in the process. Ultimately, this research extends trans and critical allyship studies through empirical analysis of how cisnormativity infuses ostensibly trans-inclusive discourses.","PeriodicalId":44767,"journal":{"name":"TSQ-Transgender Studies Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86217955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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