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Choosing Sides in a Two-Sided Matching Market 在双向匹配市场中选边站队
IF 0.4 4区 经济学 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1515/bejte-2022-0126
Kit Zhou
Abstract I model a competitive labor market in which agents of different skill levels decide whether to enter the market as a manager or as a worker. After roles are chosen, a two-sided matching market is realized and a cooperative assignment game occurs. There exists a unique rational expectations equilibrium that induces a stable many-to-one matching and wage structure. Positive assortative matching occurs if and only if the production function exhibits a condition that I call role supermodularity, which is stronger than the strict supermodularity condition commonly used in the matching literature because a high skilled agent with a role choice is only willing to enter the market as a worker if she expects that it is more profitable to cluster with only other high skilled agents than to exclusively manage. The wage structure in equilibrium is consistent with empirical evidence that the wage gap is driven both by increased within-firm positive sorting as well as between-firm segregation.
摘要I建立了一个竞争性劳动力市场的模型,在这个市场中,不同技能水平的代理人决定是作为经理还是作为工人进入市场。在角色选择之后,实现了双边匹配市场,并发生了合作分配博弈。存在着一种独特的理性期望均衡,它诱导了一个稳定的多对一匹配和工资结构。当且仅当产生函数表现出我称之为角色超模性的条件时,才会发生正的分类匹配,这比匹配文献中通常使用的严格超模条件更强,因为具有角色选择的高技能代理只有在她期望仅与其他高技能代理集群比专门管理更有利可图的情况下才愿意作为工人进入市场。均衡中的工资结构与经验证据一致,即工资差距是由企业内部正向排序和企业间隔离增加驱动的。
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引用次数: 0
The Weak Hybrid Equilibria of an Exchange Economy with a Continuum of Agents and Externalities 具有代理和外部性连续体的交换经济的弱混合均衡
IF 0.4 4区 经济学 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-02-13 DOI: 10.1515/bejte-2021-0098
Zhe Yang
Abstract Inspired by Zhao, J. 1996. “The Hybrid Equilibria and Core Selection in Exchange Economies with Externalities.” Journal of Mathematical Economics 26 (4): 387–407, Askoura, Y. 2011. “The Weak-Core of a Game in Normal Form with a Continuum of Players.” Journal of Mathematical Economics 47: 43–7, Askoura, Y. 2017. “On the Core of Normal Form Games with a Continuum of Players.” Mathematical Social Sciences 89: 32–42, Yang, Z. 2020. “The Weak α-core of Exchange Economies with a Continuum of Players and Pseudo-utilities.” Journal of Mathematical Economies 91: 43–50 and Yang, Z., and X. Zhang. 2021. “A Weak α-core Existence Theorem of Games with Nonordered Preferences and a Continuum of Agents.” Journal of Mathematical Economics 94: 102464, we establish an exchange economy with externalities and a continuum of agents. We define the weak hybrid equilibrium in this model and prove the existence theorem under the regular conditions. Furthermore, we analyze the relation between the set of hybrid equilibria and the set of competitive equilibria in an exchange economy without externalities and with a continuum of agents.
[摘要]灵感来自赵,J. 1996。具有外部性的交换经济中的混合均衡与核心选择。李建军。2011.中国经济增长的实证分析。“具有连续玩家的正常形式的游戏的弱核心。”王晓明,2017.中国经济发展的宏观调控。“关于具有连续玩家的正常形式游戏的核心。”杨震。2020。数学社会科学89:32-42。“具有参与者连续体和伪效用的交换经济的弱α-核”。杨志和,张晓明。2021。“具有无序偏好和连续体的博弈的弱α核存在定理”。摘要:本文建立了一个具有外部性和连续体的交换经济。在此模型中定义了弱混合均衡,并证明了正则条件下的存在性定理。在此基础上,分析了无外部性且具有连续体的交换经济中,混合均衡集与竞争均衡集之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
On Iterated Nash Bargaining Solutions 迭代Nash讨价还价解
IF 0.4 4区 经济学 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.1515/bejte-2022-0095
C. Qin, G. Tan, A. C. L. Wong
Abstract This paper introduces a family of domains of bargaining problems allowing for non-convexity. For each domain in this family, single-valued bargaining solutions satisfying the Nash axioms are explicitly characterized as solutions of the iterated maximization of Nash products weighted by the row vectors of the associated bargaining weight matrices. This paper also introduces a simple procedure to standardize bargaining weight matrices for each solution into an equivalent triangular bargaining weight matrix, which is simplified and easy to use for applications. Furthermore, the standardized bargaining weight matrix can be recovered from bargaining solutions of simple problems. This recovering result provides an empirical framework for determining the bargaining weights.
摘要本文引入了一类允许非凸的议价问题的域。对于这个家族中的每个域,满足纳什公理的单值议价解被明确地表征为由相关议价权矩阵的行向量加权的纳什积的迭代最大化解。本文还介绍了一种将每个解的议价权矩阵标准化为一个等价的三角形议价权矩阵的简单方法,简化后便于应用。此外,标准化的议价权矩阵可以从简单问题的议价解中恢复。这一恢复结果为确定议价权值提供了一个经验框架。
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引用次数: 0
Inter-league Competition and the Optimal Broadcasting Revenue-Sharing Rule 联盟间竞争与最优转播收益分享规则
IF 0.4 4区 经济学 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.1515/bejte-2022-0042
Yvon Rocaboy
Abstract We propose a model where two sports leagues compete for sporting talent, and at the same time consider the competitive balance in their domestic championships. The allocation of broadcasting revenues by the league-governing body acts as an incentive for teams to invest in talent. We derive a strategic league authority’s optimal sharing rule of broadcasting revenues across teams in the league. While a weighted form of performance-based sharing is the best way of attracting talent, cross-subsidization from high- to low-payroll teams is required to improve competitive balance. The optimal sharing rule is then a combination of these two “sub-rules”. We show that the distribution of broadcasting revenues in two first divisions in European men’s football, the English Premier League (EPL) and the French Ligue 1 (L1), corresponds to the optimal sharing rule we discuss. We propose a new method to assess empirically the cross-subsidization impact of the sharing formula. As the impact of cross-subsidization is greater in the EPL than L1, we conclude that ensuring domestic competitive balance seems to be a more important target for the EPL than for L1.
摘要:本文提出了两个体育联赛争夺体育人才的模型,同时考虑了国内锦标赛的竞争平衡。联盟管理机构对转播收入的分配起到了激励球队投资人才的作用。我们推导出一个战略联盟权威的跨联盟球队转播收入的最优分享规则。虽然基于绩效的加权分享形式是吸引人才的最佳方式,但需要从高工资团队到低工资团队之间进行交叉补贴,以改善竞争平衡。最优共享规则是这两个“子规则”的组合。我们表明,在欧洲男子足球的两个顶级联赛,英超联赛(EPL)和法甲联赛(L1)中,广播收入的分配符合我们讨论的最优共享规则。本文提出了一种新的方法来实证评估共享公式的交叉补贴影响。由于交叉补贴对EPL的影响大于L1,我们得出结论,确保国内竞争平衡似乎是EPL比L1更重要的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Cost-Reducing Technologies and Labor Supply in a Krugman-type Model where Consumption is Time-Constrained: Some New Results 消费受时间约束的克鲁格曼模型中的成本降低技术与劳动力供给:一些新结果
IF 0.4 4区 经济学 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.1515/bejte-2022-0067
M. Pant, Sugandha Huria
Abstract This study demonstrates why traditional “cost-saving” technical progress fails in an economy where consumption is time-constrained. In such a case, introducing “time-saving” technical progress establishes a new consumption-production equilibrium characterized by higher per-capita consumption and real income, lower prices, and, a higher scale of production for surviving producers. Nonetheless, since there is a limit to how much time can be saved by technological advances, the model also suggests an alternative solution in the form of a rising labor force (say via immigration) to close the production-consumption gap. This solution generates an unambiguous increase in welfare, vis-à-vis cost-reducing or time-saving technical progress.
摘要本研究说明了为什么传统的“节约成本”技术进步在消费受时间限制的经济中失败。在这种情况下,采用“节省时间”的技术进步建立了一种新的消费-生产平衡,其特点是人均消费和实际收入较高,价格较低,生存生产者的生产规模较大。尽管如此,由于技术进步所节省的时间是有限的,该模型还提出了另一种解决方案,即增加劳动力(比如通过移民)来缩小生产-消费差距。这个解决方案产生了一个明确的福利增加,相对于-à-vis降低成本或节省时间的技术进步。
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引用次数: 0
Strategic Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility (ECSR) Certification and Endogenous Market Structure 战略环境企业社会责任认证与内生市场结构
IF 0.4 4区 经济学 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1515/bejte-2022-0139
Ajay Sharma, Siddhartha K. Rastogi
Abstract This paper extends the findings of Liu, Wang, and Lee (2015. “Strategic Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility in a Differentiated Duopoly Market.” Economics Letters 129: 108–11), along two dimensions. First, we consider the case of endogenous market structure a la Singh and Vives (1984. “Price and Quantity Competition in a Differentiated Duopoly.” The RAND Journal of Economics: 546–54). Second, we refine the ECSR certification standards in differentiated duopoly with analysis of both uniform and discriminating standards. We find that NGO certifier will set the ECSR standards below the optimal level. We show that given the ECSR certification standards, there is a possibility of both price and quantity contracts choices by the firms in endogenous market structure. Additionally, we highlight the market structures emerging due to uniform and discriminating ECSR standards.
本文扩展了Liu, Wang, and Lee(2015)的研究结果。“差异化双寡头市场中的战略性环境企业社会责任”。经济学快报129:108-11),沿着两个维度。首先,我们考虑内生市场结构的案例(Singh和Vives, 1984)。差异化双头垄断中的价格与数量竞争兰德经济杂志:546-54)。其次,通过对统一标准和区别标准的分析,细化了差异化双寡头环境下的ECSR认证标准。我们发现,NGO认证机构会将ECSR标准设定在最优水平以下。研究表明,在给定ECSR认证标准的情况下,企业内生市场结构中存在价格合同选择和数量合同选择的可能性。此外,我们强调了由于统一和歧视性的ECSR标准而出现的市场结构。
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引用次数: 0
Risk Aversion and Uniqueness of Equilibrium in Economies with Two Goods and Arbitrary Endowments 两物任意捐赠经济中的风险规避与均衡的唯一性
IF 0.4 4区 经济学 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.1515/bejte-2021-0150
A. Loi, Stefano Matta
Abstract We study the connection between risk aversion, the number of consumers, and the uniqueness of equilibrium. We consider an economy with two goods and I impatience types, where each type has additive separable preferences with HARA Bernoulli utility function, u H ( x ) ≔ γ 1 − γ b + a γ x 1 − γ ${u}_{text{H}}(x) := frac{gamma }{1-gamma }{left(b+frac{a}{gamma }xright)}^{1-gamma }$ . We show that if γ ∈ 1 , I I − 1 $gamma in left(1,frac{I}{I-1}right]$ , the economy has a unique regular equilibrium. Moreover, the methods used, including Newton’s symmetric polynomials and Descartes’ rule of signs, enable us to offer new sufficient conditions for uniqueness in a closed-form expression that highlight the role played by endowments, patience, and specific HARA parameters. Finally, we derive new necessary and sufficient conditions that ensure uniqueness for the particular case of CRRA Bernoulli utility functions with γ = 3.
摘要我们研究了风险规避、消费者数量和均衡唯一性之间的联系。我们考虑一个具有两种商品和I不耐烦类型的经济,其中每种类型都具有HARA-Bernoulli效用函数u H(x)≔γ1−γb+aγx 1−γ的可加可分偏好${u}_{text{H}}(x):=frac{gamma}{1-gamma{left(b+frac{a}{{伽玛}xright)}^{1-伽玛}$。证明了如果γ∈1,I I−1$gammainleft(1,frac{I}{I-1}对]美元,经济有一个独特的规则均衡。此外,所使用的方法,包括牛顿的对称多项式和笛卡尔的符号规则,使我们能够在闭合形式的表达式中为唯一性提供新的充分条件,突出禀赋、耐心和特定的HARA参数所起的作用。最后,我们得到了新的充要条件,以确保CRRA-Bernoulli效用函数在γ=3的特殊情况下的唯一性。
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引用次数: 1
An Urban Configuration with Online Competition 具有在线竞争的城市配置
IF 0.4 4区 经济学 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.1515/bejte-2022-0017
Fu-Chuan Lai
Abstract This paper introduces the impact of online competition to analysis of the urban configuration of a small open city, which was first developed by Alonso (1964. Location and Land Use. Cambridge: Harvard University Press), Mills (1967. “An Aggregative Model of Resource Allocation in a Metropolitan Area.” The American Economic Review 57 (2): 197–210), and Muth (1969. Cities and Housing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press) (AMM hereafter). In comparison to a revised AMM model in Lai and Tsai (2008. “Simplified Alonso-Mills-Muth Model with a Monopoly Vendor.” Journal of Urban Economics 63 (2): 536–43) which assumed a monopoly vendor, the present paper’s online entry brings competition, eventually causes price reduction, city expansion, and asymmetrically ascending land rent, and makes the incumbent vendor relocate to a more remote city boundary. When the disadvantage of online purchasing is not large, the urban configuration demonstrates that most residents purchase online, and only the residents living near the physical vendor make shopping trips. Finally, the benefit of city expansion from online competition eventually goes to the absentee landowners by way of the raised land rents.
摘要本文将网络竞争的影响引入到小型开放城市的城市结构分析中,该理论最早由Alonso(1964)提出。位置及土地用途。剑桥:哈佛大学出版社),米尔斯(1967)。都市圈资源配置的聚合模型《美国经济评论》57 (2):197-210),Muth(1969)。城市和住房。芝加哥:芝加哥大学出版社)。与Lai和Tsai(2008)修订的AMM模型比较。“具有垄断供应商的简化Alonso-Mills-Muth模型”。城市经济学报,63(2):536-43),假设一个垄断供应商,本文的在线进入带来竞争,最终导致价格下降,城市扩张,土地租金不对称上升,并使现有供应商迁移到更遥远的城市边界。当网络购物的劣势不太大时,城市配置表明大多数居民在网上购物,只有住在实体供应商附近的居民才会去购物。最后,网络竞争带来的城市扩张利益最终以提高地租的方式流向了缺席的土地所有者。
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引用次数: 0
The R&D Investment Decision Game with Product Differentiation 产品差异化下的研发投资决策博弈
IF 0.4 4区 经济学 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1515/bejte-2021-0129
D. Buccella, L. Fanti, L. Gori
Abstract This article extends the cost-reducing R&D model with spillovers by d’Aspremont and Jacquemin (1988. “Cooperative and Noncooperative R&D in Duopoly with Spillovers.” The American Economic Review 78: 1133–7, 1990. “Cooperative and Noncooperative R&D in Duopoly with Spillovers: Erratum.” The American Economic Review 80: 641–2) to allow quantity-setting firms (Cournot rivalry) to play the non-cooperative R&D investment decision game with horizontal product differentiation. Unlike Bacchiega, Lambertini, and Mantovani (2010. “R&D-hindering Collusion.” The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 10 (Topics): 66), who identify a parametric region (defined by the extent of technological spillovers and the efficiency of R&D activity), in which the game is a prisoner’s dilemma (self-interest and mutual benefit of cost-reducing innovation conflict), this work shows that product differentiation changes the game into a deadlock (self-interest and mutual benefit do not conflict), regardless of the parameter scale (i.e. also in the absence of spill-over effects). Then investing in R&D challenges the improvement of interventions aimed at favouring product differentiation. This is because social welfare when firms invest in cost-reducing R&D is greater than when firms do not invest in R&D. Alternatively, R&D subsidies can be used as a social welfare maximising tool also in the absence of R&D spillovers. These results also hold for price-setting firms (Bertrand rivalry).
本文对d’aspremont和Jacquemin(1988)提出的具有溢出效应的成本降低型研发模型进行了扩展。“具有溢出效应的双寡头合作与非合作研发”。《经济评论》(英文版),1990。“具有溢出效应的双寡头合作与非合作研发:勘误”。(《美国经济评论》80:641-2)允许数量设定型企业(古诺竞争)进行具有横向产品差异化的非合作研发投资决策博弈。不像Bacchiega, Lambertini和Mantovani(2010)。“R&D-hindering勾结。”B.E.经济分析与政策杂志(专题):66),他们确定了一个参数区域(由技术溢出的程度和研发活动的效率定义),其中的博弈是一个囚徒困境(自利和互利的成本降低创新冲突),这项工作表明,产品差异化使博弈陷入僵局(自利和互利不冲突),无论参数规模(即也没有溢出效应)。然后,研发投资对旨在促进产品差异化的干预措施的改进提出了挑战。这是因为企业投资于降低成本的研发时的社会福利大于不投资于研发时的社会福利。或者,在没有研发溢出效应的情况下,研发补贴也可以作为社会福利最大化的工具。这些结果同样适用于定价公司(Bertrand竞争)。
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引用次数: 3
On the Relation between Private Information and Non-Fundamental Volatility 私人信息与非基本波动的关系研究
IF 0.4 4区 经济学 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.1515/bejte-2021-0166
Myungkyu Shim, Doyoung Song
Abstract It is a well-established property that more precise private information leads to lower non-fundamental volatility in a coordination economy with dispersed information. In this note, we identify conditions under which such an argument holds or does not hold. In particular, we show that the opposite relationship holds when (1) there is a strong positive correlation between private information of different agents and (2) public information is endogenously generated.
摘要在信息分散的协调经济中,更精确的私有信息导致更低的非基本波动是一个公认的性质。在本注释中,我们确定了这样一个论证成立或不成立的条件。特别是,我们发现,当(1)不同主体的私有信息之间存在很强的正相关关系,(2)公共信息是内生性产生时,相反的关系成立。
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引用次数: 0
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B E Journal of Theoretical Economics
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