Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1177/23977914231176865
Mohammad Amin Bahrami, Saeed Feli
Nanoparticles can be used to enhance and improve the mechanical properties and low-velocity impact response of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites both simultaneously and individually. Also, the synergistic influence of two nanoparticles can be improved the mechanical properties and low-velocity impact response of CFRP composites. In this paper, the effects of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the mechanical properties, low-velocity impact response and damage area of epoxy/fiber carbon composites are investigated both simultaneously and individually. Composite specimens are fabricated with 0.4 weight percentages (wt.%) of RGO, 0.06 wt.% of MWCNTs individually, and a combination of RGO and MWCNTs with 0.6 and 0.06 wt.%, respectively. For comparison of the results, the neat epoxy specimens are fabricated and also tested. Direct homogenization technique is applied for preparation of nanocomposite mixture and then each layer of carbon fiber reinforced nanocomposite is fabricated using a hand lay-up process. Tensile modulus, tensile strength, variations of load, displacement, velocity, and absorbed energy of specimens versus time are obtained. For specimens with MWCNTs/RGO tensile modulus and tensile strength increased by about 21.30% and 17.12%, respectively, and the load peak increased by 15.15% at 1 J, 13.35% at 2 J, 39.62% at 3 J, and 39.62% at 3 J. It is concluded that the synergistic influence of MWCNTs and RGO on the results is more significant and has a higher effect on the impact responses. After the impact tests, Optical microscopy and SEM method are used to analyze fracture surfaces.
{"title":"Synergistic influence of MWCNTs/RGO on low-velocity impact response and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composite","authors":"Mohammad Amin Bahrami, Saeed Feli","doi":"10.1177/23977914231176865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23977914231176865","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles can be used to enhance and improve the mechanical properties and low-velocity impact response of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites both simultaneously and individually. Also, the synergistic influence of two nanoparticles can be improved the mechanical properties and low-velocity impact response of CFRP composites. In this paper, the effects of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the mechanical properties, low-velocity impact response and damage area of epoxy/fiber carbon composites are investigated both simultaneously and individually. Composite specimens are fabricated with 0.4 weight percentages (wt.%) of RGO, 0.06 wt.% of MWCNTs individually, and a combination of RGO and MWCNTs with 0.6 and 0.06 wt.%, respectively. For comparison of the results, the neat epoxy specimens are fabricated and also tested. Direct homogenization technique is applied for preparation of nanocomposite mixture and then each layer of carbon fiber reinforced nanocomposite is fabricated using a hand lay-up process. Tensile modulus, tensile strength, variations of load, displacement, velocity, and absorbed energy of specimens versus time are obtained. For specimens with MWCNTs/RGO tensile modulus and tensile strength increased by about 21.30% and 17.12%, respectively, and the load peak increased by 15.15% at 1 J, 13.35% at 2 J, 39.62% at 3 J, and 39.62% at 3 J. It is concluded that the synergistic influence of MWCNTs and RGO on the results is more significant and has a higher effect on the impact responses. After the impact tests, Optical microscopy and SEM method are used to analyze fracture surfaces.","PeriodicalId":44789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part N-Journal of Nanomaterials Nanoengineering and Nanosystems","volume":"29-32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135643567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1177/23977914231161443
Khalid Al Utaibi, Usama Ahmad, S. M. Sait, Sohail Iqbal
Medical imaging is a broad field of research and artificial intelligence used to explore such images is termed as AI-Imaging. AI-imaging is further divided into sub-branches including the computational, theoretical and practical experiments in wet and dry labs. The current research focuses on the background of medical imaging, recent advances in the field of medical imaging for oncology, challenges and possible solutions. During this research, some computational and programing tools are outlined. The process of image segmentation is important as it can help to explore the medical images in more detail. During this research, the steps involved in image segmentation are outlined and the numerical experiments are performed on a set of breast cancer medical images. It is concluded during this research that the achievements in this domain are always credited by the smart programing & computational tools and computer vision. The current research also outlines the step-wise protocols of deep learning, designed for different types of medical imaging such as X-rays, CT-scan and MRI are documented to provide a comprehensive understanding, that can help in bridging the two domains of medicine and computer vision, in a reliable and fruitful manner.
{"title":"Medical imaging and nano-engineering advances with artificial intelligence","authors":"Khalid Al Utaibi, Usama Ahmad, S. M. Sait, Sohail Iqbal","doi":"10.1177/23977914231161443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23977914231161443","url":null,"abstract":"Medical imaging is a broad field of research and artificial intelligence used to explore such images is termed as AI-Imaging. AI-imaging is further divided into sub-branches including the computational, theoretical and practical experiments in wet and dry labs. The current research focuses on the background of medical imaging, recent advances in the field of medical imaging for oncology, challenges and possible solutions. During this research, some computational and programing tools are outlined. The process of image segmentation is important as it can help to explore the medical images in more detail. During this research, the steps involved in image segmentation are outlined and the numerical experiments are performed on a set of breast cancer medical images. It is concluded during this research that the achievements in this domain are always credited by the smart programing & computational tools and computer vision. The current research also outlines the step-wise protocols of deep learning, designed for different types of medical imaging such as X-rays, CT-scan and MRI are documented to provide a comprehensive understanding, that can help in bridging the two domains of medicine and computer vision, in a reliable and fruitful manner.","PeriodicalId":44789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part N-Journal of Nanomaterials Nanoengineering and Nanosystems","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81095752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1177/23977914231161448
Jada Prathap Kumar, J. Umavathi, A. S. Dhone
Advanced nano and microtechnologies for nano/micro-electronic devices have made substantial advances in the past few years. These technologies are rapidly incorporating advanced fluid media such as nanofluids and biological microorganisms. Inspired by bio-nanofluid applications in medicine, biological systems and biotechnology in the present study, mathematical model is evolved for unsteady bio convective conducting nanofluid along with gyrotactic micro-organisms squeezed between parallel disks. The lower disk and upper disks are solids. The temperature field is improved by the methods of haphazard motion of nanoparticles and thermophoresis parameters. The nano-bio transfer model is written as a series of non-linear partial differential equations that are reduced into a set of ordinary differential equations using suitable transforms. The dimensionless problem is then numerically solved by RK-4th order scheme utilizing MATLAB bvp4c solver’s package to investigate the impact of the squeezing parameter, Hartman number, Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter on motile microorganism velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and density. The friction factor, Nusselt number, Sherwood number and microorganism number distributions on Hartman number, thermophoresis and Brownian motion factors are also computed. The Brownian motion and the thermophoresis factors of nanoparticles cause an increment in temperature profiles for both suction and injection. The concentration and motile microorganism are both amplified for the Brownian parameter in the case of injection, whereas they are declined for suction and the opposite trend is observed for the thermophoresis parameter. The motile microorganism is deflated for both suction and injection with thermophoresis parameter. Suction and injection adversely affect the transfer properties at the disks. The resistive magnetic body force prevails in the core zone, resulting in a decrease in velocity. The heat generation in squeeze films with motile microorganisms can be successfully removed with magnetic nanoparticles which require a longer serviceability of the lubrication system, bio-medical systems and need for less maintenance and a longer lifespan approach. The finding is pertinent to novel bio-microsystems that combine nanofluid and the bioconvection phenomenon. The percentage increase in heat, mass, and microorganism transport rates is calculated.
{"title":"Nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms squeezed between parallel disks","authors":"Jada Prathap Kumar, J. Umavathi, A. S. Dhone","doi":"10.1177/23977914231161448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23977914231161448","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced nano and microtechnologies for nano/micro-electronic devices have made substantial advances in the past few years. These technologies are rapidly incorporating advanced fluid media such as nanofluids and biological microorganisms. Inspired by bio-nanofluid applications in medicine, biological systems and biotechnology in the present study, mathematical model is evolved for unsteady bio convective conducting nanofluid along with gyrotactic micro-organisms squeezed between parallel disks. The lower disk and upper disks are solids. The temperature field is improved by the methods of haphazard motion of nanoparticles and thermophoresis parameters. The nano-bio transfer model is written as a series of non-linear partial differential equations that are reduced into a set of ordinary differential equations using suitable transforms. The dimensionless problem is then numerically solved by RK-4th order scheme utilizing MATLAB bvp4c solver’s package to investigate the impact of the squeezing parameter, Hartman number, Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter on motile microorganism velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and density. The friction factor, Nusselt number, Sherwood number and microorganism number distributions on Hartman number, thermophoresis and Brownian motion factors are also computed. The Brownian motion and the thermophoresis factors of nanoparticles cause an increment in temperature profiles for both suction and injection. The concentration and motile microorganism are both amplified for the Brownian parameter in the case of injection, whereas they are declined for suction and the opposite trend is observed for the thermophoresis parameter. The motile microorganism is deflated for both suction and injection with thermophoresis parameter. Suction and injection adversely affect the transfer properties at the disks. The resistive magnetic body force prevails in the core zone, resulting in a decrease in velocity. The heat generation in squeeze films with motile microorganisms can be successfully removed with magnetic nanoparticles which require a longer serviceability of the lubrication system, bio-medical systems and need for less maintenance and a longer lifespan approach. The finding is pertinent to novel bio-microsystems that combine nanofluid and the bioconvection phenomenon. The percentage increase in heat, mass, and microorganism transport rates is calculated.","PeriodicalId":44789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part N-Journal of Nanomaterials Nanoengineering and Nanosystems","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89484881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1177/23977914231156685
N. Abbas, W. Shatanawi, K. Rehman, Taqi A. M. Shatnawi
In the present analysis, heat and mass transfer of micropolar nanofluid flow over vertical nonlinear Riga stretching sheet is considered. Effects of velocity slip, thermal slip, Joule heating, thermal radiations, variable thermal conductivity, and heat generation are examined. Thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects are highlighted in current study. The mathematical model is developed under flow assumptions, the partial differential equations are formed by implementing the boundary layer approximations. The partial differential equations are further reduced in form of ordinary differential equations by means of suitable transformations. The ordinary differential equations are solved through numerical procedure. The effects physical parameters presented through tables and graphs for the both case of suction/injection. Velocity function declined due to higher values of micropolar parameter. The velocity function declined due to increasing the values of velocity slip. The concentration function declined due to larger values of Brownian motion. The positive values of velocity slip increases the Sherwood number and Nusselt number. The Nusselt number and Sherwood number declined for higher values of thermal slip [Formula: see text]. The values of Sherwood number and Nusselt number declined for higher values of Eckert number [Formula: see text].
{"title":"Velocity and thermal slips impact on boundary layer flow of micropolar nanofluid over a vertical nonlinear stretched Riga sheet","authors":"N. Abbas, W. Shatanawi, K. Rehman, Taqi A. M. Shatnawi","doi":"10.1177/23977914231156685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23977914231156685","url":null,"abstract":"In the present analysis, heat and mass transfer of micropolar nanofluid flow over vertical nonlinear Riga stretching sheet is considered. Effects of velocity slip, thermal slip, Joule heating, thermal radiations, variable thermal conductivity, and heat generation are examined. Thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects are highlighted in current study. The mathematical model is developed under flow assumptions, the partial differential equations are formed by implementing the boundary layer approximations. The partial differential equations are further reduced in form of ordinary differential equations by means of suitable transformations. The ordinary differential equations are solved through numerical procedure. The effects physical parameters presented through tables and graphs for the both case of suction/injection. Velocity function declined due to higher values of micropolar parameter. The velocity function declined due to increasing the values of velocity slip. The concentration function declined due to larger values of Brownian motion. The positive values of velocity slip increases the Sherwood number and Nusselt number. The Nusselt number and Sherwood number declined for higher values of thermal slip [Formula: see text]. The values of Sherwood number and Nusselt number declined for higher values of Eckert number [Formula: see text].","PeriodicalId":44789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part N-Journal of Nanomaterials Nanoengineering and Nanosystems","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73205133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-11DOI: 10.1177/23977914231157908
Parham Behzadi, M. Salehi
Modeling complex materials with internal structure such as porous solids is challenging as in some cases the classical theory cannot provide precise responses. By considering the scale effects through additional kinematic descriptors and six constants for isotropic materials, the micropolar theory can accurately model complex materials like bone. This paper studies the buckling of a thick cylindrical shell using classical and non-classical theories. The cylinder’s material is considered bone and isotropic, and the critical load value for different geometries and boundary conditions has been obtained. Finally, the size-effect and importance of micropolar theory in micro dimensions are investigated. The micropolar equations are solved by a numerical solution using the 3D finite element method. The results show that decreasing the macroscopic length increases the stiffness of the cylinder more than that predicted by classical theory; In addition, by increasing the thickness of the cylinder and the importance of shear stresses, the micropolar theory predicts a more critical load than the classical one, and the result differences become more significant between micropolar and classical theories. Also, the characteristic length of the micropolar is investigated. The results show that the change of the critical load increased by moving toward the micro dimensions.
{"title":"Buckling analysis of thick cylindrical shells using micropolar theory","authors":"Parham Behzadi, M. Salehi","doi":"10.1177/23977914231157908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23977914231157908","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling complex materials with internal structure such as porous solids is challenging as in some cases the classical theory cannot provide precise responses. By considering the scale effects through additional kinematic descriptors and six constants for isotropic materials, the micropolar theory can accurately model complex materials like bone. This paper studies the buckling of a thick cylindrical shell using classical and non-classical theories. The cylinder’s material is considered bone and isotropic, and the critical load value for different geometries and boundary conditions has been obtained. Finally, the size-effect and importance of micropolar theory in micro dimensions are investigated. The micropolar equations are solved by a numerical solution using the 3D finite element method. The results show that decreasing the macroscopic length increases the stiffness of the cylinder more than that predicted by classical theory; In addition, by increasing the thickness of the cylinder and the importance of shear stresses, the micropolar theory predicts a more critical load than the classical one, and the result differences become more significant between micropolar and classical theories. Also, the characteristic length of the micropolar is investigated. The results show that the change of the critical load increased by moving toward the micro dimensions.","PeriodicalId":44789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part N-Journal of Nanomaterials Nanoengineering and Nanosystems","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90945246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/23977914221093846
P. K. Pattnaik, Satyaranjan Mishra, S. Baag
The flow characteristic of the two-dimensional conducting hybrid nanofluid past an exponentially stretching permeable surface is analyzed. Flow through variable thicker surface for the free convective flow associated with transverse magnetic field in the flow phenomenon that enriches the study. The specialty of the model is the use of effective conductivity property considering the Mintsa model and the effective viscosity with the help of the Gharesim model for the enhancement of heat transport properties. Depending upon the recent applications related to industrial products, engineering as well as bio-medical science nanofluids are used as the best coolant. A comparative study is carried out for the transformed governing equations using both approximate analytical, that is, “Variational Iteration Method” (VIM), “Homotopy Perturbation Method” (HPM), and numerical techniques such as the in-build MATLAB command bvp5c. The simulated result in connection to the behavior of the physical parameters is deployed through graphs. The current outcomes validate the earlier established results in particular cases showing the conformity and the convergence of the methodology adopted. However, the observation shows that, shear rate retards with the significant enhancement in the particle concentration of the metal nanoparticles as well as the suction further the heat transfer rate enhanced. The fluid velocity profile boosts up for the increasing thermal buoyancy parameter whereas the reverse impact is rendered in the fluid temperature.
{"title":"Heat transfer analysis on Engine oil-based hybrid nanofluid past an exponentially stretching permeable surface with Cu/Al2O3 additives","authors":"P. K. Pattnaik, Satyaranjan Mishra, S. Baag","doi":"10.1177/23977914221093846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23977914221093846","url":null,"abstract":"The flow characteristic of the two-dimensional conducting hybrid nanofluid past an exponentially stretching permeable surface is analyzed. Flow through variable thicker surface for the free convective flow associated with transverse magnetic field in the flow phenomenon that enriches the study. The specialty of the model is the use of effective conductivity property considering the Mintsa model and the effective viscosity with the help of the Gharesim model for the enhancement of heat transport properties. Depending upon the recent applications related to industrial products, engineering as well as bio-medical science nanofluids are used as the best coolant. A comparative study is carried out for the transformed governing equations using both approximate analytical, that is, “Variational Iteration Method” (VIM), “Homotopy Perturbation Method” (HPM), and numerical techniques such as the in-build MATLAB command bvp5c. The simulated result in connection to the behavior of the physical parameters is deployed through graphs. The current outcomes validate the earlier established results in particular cases showing the conformity and the convergence of the methodology adopted. However, the observation shows that, shear rate retards with the significant enhancement in the particle concentration of the metal nanoparticles as well as the suction further the heat transfer rate enhanced. The fluid velocity profile boosts up for the increasing thermal buoyancy parameter whereas the reverse impact is rendered in the fluid temperature.","PeriodicalId":44789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part N-Journal of Nanomaterials Nanoengineering and Nanosystems","volume":"2013 1","pages":"3 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87999248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-04DOI: 10.1177/23977914231151485
Ravi Butola, Kapil Dev Pandey, Q. Murtaza, R. S. Walia, M. Tyagi, K. Srinivas, A. Chaudhary
In the present research work, microhardness and ultimate tensile strength of the aluminum based metal surface nanocomposites is studied using response surface methodology. Aluminum alloy 5083 is used as a matrix material, boron carbide nanoparticles as a reinforcement and surface nanocomposites are fabricated using Friction stir processing (FSP). Central composite design (CCD) matrix is used to prepare a design of experiment with three process parameters/factors that is, Tool rotational speed, Tool traverse speed, and Number of passes, having three level each. The nanocomposite fabricated according to design of experiment are analyzed using Response surface methodology (RSM). The developed mathematical model well fitted experimental values and equations are stated by the model to predict the microhardness and ultimate tensile strength of the surface nanocomposites. The predicted value by the model and actual tested values are in close agreement. The developed model predicted that the optimum nanocomposites is to be fabricated at 1300 rpm tool rotational speed with a tool traverse speed of 30 mm/min and no of passes should be three times, in order to achieve enhance ultimate tensile strength and microhardness.
{"title":"Experimental analysis and optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology of surface nanocomposites fabricated by friction stir processing","authors":"Ravi Butola, Kapil Dev Pandey, Q. Murtaza, R. S. Walia, M. Tyagi, K. Srinivas, A. Chaudhary","doi":"10.1177/23977914231151485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23977914231151485","url":null,"abstract":"In the present research work, microhardness and ultimate tensile strength of the aluminum based metal surface nanocomposites is studied using response surface methodology. Aluminum alloy 5083 is used as a matrix material, boron carbide nanoparticles as a reinforcement and surface nanocomposites are fabricated using Friction stir processing (FSP). Central composite design (CCD) matrix is used to prepare a design of experiment with three process parameters/factors that is, Tool rotational speed, Tool traverse speed, and Number of passes, having three level each. The nanocomposite fabricated according to design of experiment are analyzed using Response surface methodology (RSM). The developed mathematical model well fitted experimental values and equations are stated by the model to predict the microhardness and ultimate tensile strength of the surface nanocomposites. The predicted value by the model and actual tested values are in close agreement. The developed model predicted that the optimum nanocomposites is to be fabricated at 1300 rpm tool rotational speed with a tool traverse speed of 30 mm/min and no of passes should be three times, in order to achieve enhance ultimate tensile strength and microhardness.","PeriodicalId":44789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part N-Journal of Nanomaterials Nanoengineering and Nanosystems","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81940003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1177/23977914231151481
Nepal Chandra Roy, S. Monira, Rama Subba Reddy Gorla
The buoyancy-driven flow of hybrid nanofluids in an open cavity is examined in the presence of a magnetic field with an angle to the horizontal axis. The right end of the cavity is open, and the left wall is supposed to be heated. Moreover, the horizontal walls are deemed to be permeable and maintained at ambient temperature. The successive over-relaxation (SOR) technique is applied with the finite-difference method to solve the dimensionless equations. A comparison is executed with formerly published results which provide a good agreement. The grid refinement test has also been carried out to increase the accuracy. Flow and temperature profiles are investigated for the Rayleigh number ( Ra = 104, 105, 106), Reynolds number (Re = 5, 8, 10, 20, 100), Hartmann number ( Ha = 0, 5, 10), concentration of nanoparticles ( φ1 or φ2 = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1), angle of inclination of the magnetic field ( γ = 0°, 30°, 45°), aspect ratio ( A = 1, 2, 3, 4), and suction/blow parameter ( S = −1, 0, 1). Results have been elucidated based on streamlines, isotherms, local Nusselt number ( Nu), and average Nusselt number ( Nuavg). It is noted that the changes in the variables significantly affect streamlines and isotherms. The heat transfer for Cu-Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid is higher about 9.98% compared to Fe3O4/water nanofluid and 26.41% compared to water. Furthermore, all other parameters noticeably augment both Nu and Nuavg.
{"title":"Buoyancy-driven flow of magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluids in an open cavity with permeable horizontal walls","authors":"Nepal Chandra Roy, S. Monira, Rama Subba Reddy Gorla","doi":"10.1177/23977914231151481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23977914231151481","url":null,"abstract":"The buoyancy-driven flow of hybrid nanofluids in an open cavity is examined in the presence of a magnetic field with an angle to the horizontal axis. The right end of the cavity is open, and the left wall is supposed to be heated. Moreover, the horizontal walls are deemed to be permeable and maintained at ambient temperature. The successive over-relaxation (SOR) technique is applied with the finite-difference method to solve the dimensionless equations. A comparison is executed with formerly published results which provide a good agreement. The grid refinement test has also been carried out to increase the accuracy. Flow and temperature profiles are investigated for the Rayleigh number ( Ra = 104, 105, 106), Reynolds number (Re = 5, 8, 10, 20, 100), Hartmann number ( Ha = 0, 5, 10), concentration of nanoparticles ( φ1 or φ2 = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1), angle of inclination of the magnetic field ( γ = 0°, 30°, 45°), aspect ratio ( A = 1, 2, 3, 4), and suction/blow parameter ( S = −1, 0, 1). Results have been elucidated based on streamlines, isotherms, local Nusselt number ( Nu), and average Nusselt number ( Nuavg). It is noted that the changes in the variables significantly affect streamlines and isotherms. The heat transfer for Cu-Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid is higher about 9.98% compared to Fe3O4/water nanofluid and 26.41% compared to water. Furthermore, all other parameters noticeably augment both Nu and Nuavg.","PeriodicalId":44789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part N-Journal of Nanomaterials Nanoengineering and Nanosystems","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85069188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/23977914231151487
P. Sagar, G. Kumar, A. Handa
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a non-inflammatory deteriorating debilitating state that bring about remarkable health and economic issues globally. Break down/deterioration of the articular cartilage (AC) is one of the pathologic characteristics of osteoarthritis (OA). Nanocomposite hydrogels (NCH) materials are evolving as a potential class of scaffolds for organ regeneration and tissue engineering. In recent years, innovative hydrogels specifically loaded with nanoparticles have been developed and synthesized with the goal of changing conventional cartilage treatments. The detailed development of a tailored nanocomposite hydrogels (NCH) material utilized for tissue engineering is presented in this review study. Also, the mechanical characteristics, particularly the tribological behavior, of these produced NCH have been highlighted. Large amounts of research and data on the hydrogel substance utilized in cartilage healing are summarized in the current review study. When determining future research gaps in the area of hydrogels for cartilage regeneration, such information will provide researchers an advantage to further develop NCH.
{"title":"Progressive use of nanocomposite hydrogels materials for regeneration of damaged cartilage and their tribological mechanical properties","authors":"P. Sagar, G. Kumar, A. Handa","doi":"10.1177/23977914231151487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/23977914231151487","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) is a non-inflammatory deteriorating debilitating state that bring about remarkable health and economic issues globally. Break down/deterioration of the articular cartilage (AC) is one of the pathologic characteristics of osteoarthritis (OA). Nanocomposite hydrogels (NCH) materials are evolving as a potential class of scaffolds for organ regeneration and tissue engineering. In recent years, innovative hydrogels specifically loaded with nanoparticles have been developed and synthesized with the goal of changing conventional cartilage treatments. The detailed development of a tailored nanocomposite hydrogels (NCH) material utilized for tissue engineering is presented in this review study. Also, the mechanical characteristics, particularly the tribological behavior, of these produced NCH have been highlighted. Large amounts of research and data on the hydrogel substance utilized in cartilage healing are summarized in the current review study. When determining future research gaps in the area of hydrogels for cartilage regeneration, such information will provide researchers an advantage to further develop NCH.","PeriodicalId":44789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part N-Journal of Nanomaterials Nanoengineering and Nanosystems","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75970433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.1177/23977914221129426
M. Trabelssi, S. El-Borgi
The primary objective of this paper is to propose a novel method to derive Differential Quadrature Method matrices with several degrees of freedom at the boundaries that can be used to build Strong Quadrature Elements to solve fourth and higher-order equations of motion. The proposed method, referred to as Locally adaptive Strong Quadrature Element Method, is applied to higher-order equations of motion for nonlinear graded Timoshenko and Euler-Bernoulli nanobeams formulated using the Second Strain Gradient Theory or the Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory. To limit the formulation complexity, the proposed approach is based on the regular formulation of the differential quadrature method combined with custom-built transfer matrices. Moreover, it does not require a different formulation for fourth and sixth-order equations and can be extended beyond sixth-order equations. Validation was carried out using examples from the literature as well as data obtained using the classical Locally adaptive Quadrature Element Method. Both linear and nonlinear frequencies were evaluated for a large number of configurations and boundary conditions. The proposed approach resulted in good accuracy and a convergence speed comparable to the conventional Locally adaptive Quadrature Element Method.
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