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Varied layer thickness improves structural properties of YSZ thin film 不同的层厚可以改善YSZ薄膜的结构性能
Nur Fathirah Mohd Rahimi, Sathiabama T. Thirugnana, S. K. Ghoshal, R. Muhammad
In this study, the Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) thin films were deposited on the sapphire substrate (Al2O3) by dip-coating method using simple ethanol-based YSZ suspension. The layer thickness of YSZ films were varied by sintering at 1300°C. Phase change and structural evolution in YSZ films were observed by conducting X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The microstructures and the surface morphology of the deposited films were examined using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The XRD pattern revealed a phase change from cubic to monoclinic with an increase in YSZ layer thickness. The crystallite size was varied in the range of 9.68–42.98 nm with the changes in the layer thickness. Meanwhile, the AFM image analyses showed a layer thickness-dependent variation in the grain size (205.83–373.77 nm) and the RMS surface roughness (16.72–36.44 nm). The FESEM images of the achieved film exhibited the occurrence of a dense morphology. It was concluded that by controlling the layer thickness of the deposited films, their improved structure and morphology can be achieved.
在本研究中,使用简单的乙醇基YSZ悬浮液,采用浸涂法将钇稳定的氧化锆(YSZ)薄膜沉积在蓝宝石衬底(Al2O3)上。在1300℃下烧结,改变了YSZ薄膜的层厚。通过x射线衍射(XRD)分析,观察了YSZ薄膜的相变和结构演变。采用原子力显微镜(AFM)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对沉积膜的微观结构和表面形貌进行了观察。XRD谱图显示,随着YSZ层厚度的增加,材料由立方相转变为单斜相。随着层厚的变化,晶粒尺寸在9.68 ~ 42.98 nm之间变化。同时,AFM图像分析显示,晶粒尺寸(205.83 ~ 373.77 nm)和RMS表面粗糙度(16.72 ~ 36.44 nm)随层厚变化。所得薄膜的FESEM图像显示出致密形态的出现。结果表明,通过控制薄膜的厚度,可以改善薄膜的结构和形貌。
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引用次数: 0
Special issue on mathematical and computational modeling of nanoscopic structures 纳米结构的数学和计算模型特刊
E. Ghavanloo
Nanoscopic structures are small structures formed from a countable number of atoms or molecules. Novel properties and functions are associated with nanoscopic structures due to reduction in their dimensionalities. These small structures have promoted a revolution in science and technology, and they are utilized in making new devices as well as leading to new technologies. Furthermore, Nature has already employed nanoscopic structures to perform vital biological functions. Hence, these exotic structures have occupied the center stage in pure and applied research due to their widespread applications in various fields of nanoscience, nanoengineering, nanotechnology, materials science and technology, medical physics, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, molecular biology and genetics, and neural science and neural engineering. Following this invention, various types of biological and nonbiological nanoscopic structures with various morphologies and functionalities have been discovered, synthesized, and reported during the past four decades. Phenomenological study of nanoscopic structures, either as single isolated structures or as components in nanoscale machines and systems, forms an active research area in applied science and engineering. Understanding the mechanical properties and behavior of a material system at nanoscale level is a necessary requirement for an efficient and accurate design, fabrication and assembly of nanoscale systems, nanomaterials, nanodevices, and nanodrugs. Accordingly, the development of well-understood mathematical and computational frameworks for characterizing the mechanical structure and behavior of the nanoscopic structures is very desirable, and it poses a huge number of challenges for researchers in this field. This Special Issue contains five papers by a number of expert researchers from China, India, Iran, Italy, and Poland. They have presented recent findings in mathematical and computational modeling of various nanoscopic structures with different morphologies. Below, we briefly introduce the papers featured in this Special Issue. In the first paper, size-dependent mechanical properties of twin graphene, a novel 2D planar semiconducting carbon allotrope, have been investigated using Molecular Dynamics simulations. The encapsulation of monocyclic carbon rings inside single-walled carbon nanotubes has investigated using continuum approximation in the second paper. In another paper, size-dependent free-vibration of viscoelastic carbon nanotubes conveying fluid and resting on viscoelastic foundation has studied on the basis of fractional viscoelasticity. Nonlinear bending analysis of a double-layered graphene sheet which contains a geometrical imperfection has simulated in the fourth paper. Finally, the static behavior of elastic curved beams has been investigated by stress-driven two-phase integral elasticity. We hope readers will find the special issue interesting and that the content will contribute to the deve
纳米结构是由可数的原子或分子组成的小结构。由于纳米结构的尺寸减小,新的性质和功能与纳米结构相关联。这些小结构推动了科学技术的革命,它们被用来制造新设备,并引领新技术。此外,大自然已经利用纳米结构来执行重要的生物功能。因此,这些奇异结构在纳米科学、纳米工程、纳米技术、材料科学与技术、医学物理学、生物医学工程、生物技术、分子生物学和遗传学、神经科学和神经工程等各个领域的广泛应用,已经占据了纯粹研究和应用研究的中心舞台。在这项发明之后,在过去的四十年里,具有各种形态和功能的各种类型的生物和非生物纳米结构被发现、合成和报道。纳米结构的现象学研究,无论是作为单一的孤立结构还是作为纳米尺度机器和系统的组成部分,在应用科学和工程中形成了一个活跃的研究领域。了解纳米级材料系统的机械性能和行为是有效和精确设计、制造和组装纳米系统、纳米材料、纳米器件和纳米药物的必要条件。因此,开发易于理解的数学和计算框架来表征纳米结构的机械结构和行为是非常可取的,这给该领域的研究人员带来了巨大的挑战。本期特刊收录了来自中国、印度、伊朗、意大利和波兰的专家研究人员的五篇论文。他们介绍了各种不同形貌的纳米结构的数学和计算模型的最新发现。下面,我们简单介绍一下本期特刊的论文。在第一篇论文中,利用分子动力学模拟研究了双石墨烯(一种新型二维平面半导体碳同素异形体)的尺寸相关力学性能。利用连续统近似研究了单壁碳纳米管中单环的封装问题。另一篇论文在分数粘弹性的基础上,研究了粘弹性碳纳米管在输送流体和粘弹性基础上的随尺寸变化的自由振动。第四篇论文模拟了含有几何缺陷的双层石墨烯片的非线性弯曲分析。最后,采用应力驱动两相积分弹性力学方法研究了弹性弯曲梁的静力性能。我们希望读者会对这期特刊感兴趣,并且其内容将有助于纳米技术和纳米工程领域的成功研究的发展。编辑感谢所有投稿作者的参与与合作,使本期特刊得以刊发。此外,我们衷心感谢匿名审稿人的精心工作,以及Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanoengineering and Nanosystems编辑部和总编辑的出色合作。
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引用次数: 0
Stress-driven two-phase integral elasticity for Timoshenko curved beams Timoshenko弯曲梁的应力驱动两相积分弹性
M. S. Vaccaro, F. P. Pinnola, F. M. de Sciarra, M. Čanadija, R. Barretta
In this research, the size-dependent static behaviour of elastic curved stubby beams is investigated by Timoshenko kinematics. Stress-driven two-phase integral elasticity is adopted to model size effects which soften or stiffen classical local responses. The corresponding governing equations of nonlocal elasticity are established and discussed, non-classical boundary conditions are detected and an effective coordinate-free solution procedure is proposed. The presented mixture approach is elucidated by solving simple curved small-scale beams of current interest in Nanotechnology. The contributed results could be useful for design and optimization of modern sensors and actuators.
本文采用Timoshenko运动学方法研究了弹性弯曲短节梁的尺寸依赖性静力性能。采用应力驱动的两相积分弹性模型来模拟尺寸效应对经典局部响应的软化或增强作用。建立并讨论了相应的非局部弹性控制方程,检测了非经典边界条件,提出了一种有效的无坐标求解方法。提出的混合方法是通过解决当前纳米技术中感兴趣的简单弯曲小尺度光束来阐明的。所贡献的结果可用于现代传感器和执行器的设计和优化。
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引用次数: 11
Influence of ZrO2 nano particles on the behavior of mechanical and tribological properties of the AA7075 composite ZrO2纳米颗粒对AA7075复合材料力学和摩擦学性能的影响
M. Reddy, H. Raju, N. Banapurmath, V. V. Meti
A well-known AA7075 alloy used for most of the structural, aerospace, and automobile applications due to its excellent properties such as high strength, corrosion-resistant, and low density. To encourage industrialists, the physical and mechanical properties of the composite has to improve by reinforcing hard ceramic particles. In this investigation varying wt.% of hard ZrO2 (zirconium dioxide) particles (0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2 wt.%) are reinforced in AA7075 matrix alloy to form a composite. Motorized stir casting technique induced to distribute reinforcement particles homogeneously. The SEM micrographs reveal that uniform distribution of ZrO2 particles can be achieved after inducing motorized stir casting technique into the molten composite. The experimental test results revealed that the addition of ZrO2 particles enhanced the hardness and tensile strength of the AA7075/ZrO2 composite as compared to base matrix material. Among all composites, AA7075/1.5ZrO2 show higher hardness and strength.
一种著名的AA7075合金,由于其优异的性能,如高强度、耐腐蚀和低密度,用于大多数结构、航空航天和汽车应用。为了鼓励工业家,复合材料的物理和机械性能必须通过增强硬陶瓷颗粒来改善。在本研究中,不同wt %的硬ZrO2(二氧化锆)颗粒(0.75、1、1.25、1.5、1.75和2 wt %)在AA7075基体合金中增强,形成复合材料。电动搅拌铸造技术诱导增强颗粒均匀分布。SEM显微形貌显示,在复合材料中引入电动搅拌铸造技术后,可以实现ZrO2颗粒的均匀分布。实验结果表明,与基基材料相比,ZrO2颗粒的加入提高了AA7075/ZrO2复合材料的硬度和抗拉强度。在所有复合材料中,AA7075/1.5ZrO2具有较高的硬度和强度。
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引用次数: 5
Size-dependent mechanical properties of twin graphene 双石墨烯的尺寸相关力学性能
Fangyan Zhu, Jiantao Leng, Zhengrong Guo, Tienchong Chang
Twin Graphene, a novel 2D planar semiconducting carbon allotrope predicted recently, has attracted tremendous attention due to its potential applications in nano electromechanical systems (NEMS). In this paper, we use Molecular Dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanical properties of twin graphene. By performing uniaxial tensile loading, we find that the Young’s modulus, failure stress and fracture strain of a twin graphene sheet are strongly dependent on its size. Rectangular sheets show more apparent anisotropy of mechanical properties than square sheets. Our results also demonstrate that the fracture pattern of twin graphene is dependent on its geometry, as a result of its diverse bond types and orientations. These findings present an in-depth understanding of size dependent mechanical properties of twin graphene, and may benefit its future applications as building blocks of NEMS devices.
双石墨烯是一种新型的二维平面半导体碳同素异形体,由于其在纳米机电系统(NEMS)中的潜在应用而引起了广泛的关注。在本文中,我们使用分子动力学模拟来研究双石墨烯的力学性能。通过进行单轴拉伸加载,我们发现双石墨烯片的杨氏模量、破坏应力和断裂应变与石墨烯片的尺寸密切相关。矩形板比方形板表现出更明显的力学性能各向异性。我们的研究结果还表明,由于其不同的键类型和取向,双石墨烯的断裂模式取决于其几何形状。这些发现提供了对双石墨烯尺寸相关力学性能的深入理解,并可能有利于其作为NEMS器件的构建块的未来应用。
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引用次数: 3
Encapsulation of monocyclic carbon clusters into carbon nanotubes: A continuum modeling approach 单环碳簇封装成碳纳米管:连续体建模方法
Cheriyacheruvakkara Owais, Mahroof Kalathingal, R. Swathi
Carbon clusters are challenging to produce and isolate due to their highly reactive nature. One of the strategies for their isolation is to encapsulate the clusters into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of appropriate radii. Herein, we have investigated the energetics for the encapsulation of the monocyclic carbon rings, C n ( n = 10 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 20 , and 22 ) into CNTs of various radii using the continuum approximation. The encapsulation is driven by the non-covalent interactions between the carbon rings and the CNTs. The analyzes of the axial forces and the interaction energies at various orientations and positions of centers of mass of the rings with respect to the CNT axes clearly suggested the role of the tube radius in governing the energetics of encapsulation. Estimation of the acceptance and the suction energies as a function of CNT radius led to the prediction that the CNTs with radii of 5.38 Å, 5.83 Å, 6.25 Å, 6.68 Å, 7.07 Å, 7.51 Å, and 7.90 Å can efficiently encapsulate C10, C12, C14, C16, C18, C20, and C22 rings, respectively. In the limit of large tube radii, the numerical results lead to those obtained for carbon ring adsorption on graphene. Furthermore, the continuum approach enabled us to explore the potential energy surfaces thereby arriving at the equilibrium configurations of the rings inside the CNTs. Such an analysis is invaluable because of the enormous computational cost associated with quantum chemical calculations.
由于碳团簇具有高度反应性,因此其生产和分离具有挑战性。隔离它们的策略之一是将簇封装在适当半径的碳纳米管(CNTs)中。在此,我们使用连续统近似研究了单环碳环cn (n = 10、12、14、16、18、20和22)被包封成不同半径的碳纳米管的能量学。碳环与碳纳米管之间的非共价相互作用驱动了碳包封。分析了环在不同方向和质心位置的轴向力和相互作用能对碳纳米管轴的影响,明确了管半径对包封力的影响。通过估算碳纳米管半径对吸力和接受能的影响,可以预测半径分别为5.38 Å、5.83 Å、6.25 Å、6.68 Å、7.07 Å、7.51 Å和7.90 Å的碳纳米管可以有效地封装C10、C12、C14、C16、C18、C20和C22环。在大管半径的限制下,数值结果与碳环在石墨烯上吸附的结果一致。此外,连续介质方法使我们能够探索势能面,从而得到CNTs内部环的平衡构型。这样的分析是无价的,因为与量子化学计算相关的巨大计算成本。
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引用次数: 2
Molecular dynamics study on the effect of hydrophilicity on thin film evaporation over biphilic surface 亲水性对双亲表面上薄膜蒸发影响的分子动力学研究
Sudipta Paul, Md. Ragib Rownak, M. Hasan
The objective of this study is to understand the effect of surface wettability and how nano-scale heat transfer is affected by different surface wetting conditions over biphilic surface by molecular dynamics simulations. The system of 3 nm liquid Argon film over Platinum surface is equilibrated at 90 K and then wall temperature is raised to higher value to study the effect of temperature. According to this study at low wall temperature and low surface wetting conditions, liquid temperature increases proportionally with the increment of hydrophilic portion but at higher wall temperature and better surface wetting conditions, maximum value of liquid Argon temperature increases with increasing hydrophobic portion. Evaporation number, evaporative mass flux and heat flux increase significantly with slight increment of hydrophilic portion. Inception time decreases with increasing hydrophilic portion and surface wettability. Also, for better surface wetting conditions, average evaporative mass flux is more sensitive to wall temperature and increases significantly at higher wall temperature.
本研究的目的是通过分子动力学模拟来了解表面润湿性的影响以及不同表面润湿条件对双亲表面纳米尺度传热的影响。在90k温度下对铂表面的3nm液态氩膜进行平衡,然后将壁温调高,研究温度的影响。根据本研究,在低壁温和低表面润湿条件下,液温随亲水性部分的增加成比例升高,而在较高壁温和较好的表面润湿条件下,液氩温度最大值随疏水性部分的增加而升高。蒸发数、蒸发质量通量和热流密度显著增加,亲水性稍有增加。起始时间随亲水性和表面润湿性的增加而减少。在较好的表面润湿条件下,平均蒸发质量通量对壁面温度更为敏感,壁面温度越高,平均蒸发质量通量增加越明显。
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引用次数: 4
Magnetohydrodynamic bio-nano-convective slip flow with Stefan blowing effects over a rotating disc 磁流体动力学生物纳米对流滑移流与旋转圆盘上的斯特凡吹气效应
Fatema Tuz Zohra, M. J. Uddin, Md Faisal Md Basir, A. Ismail
Microfluidic-related technologies and micro-electromechanical systems–based microfluidic devices have received applications in science and engineering fields. This article is the study of a mathematical model of steady forced convective flow past a rotating disc immersed in water-based nanofluid with microorganisms. The boundary layer flow of a viscous nanofluid is studied with multiple slip conditions and Stefan blowing effects under the magnetic field influence. The microscopic nanoparticles move randomly and have the characteristics of thermophoresis, and it is being considered that the change in volume fraction of the nanofluid does not affect the thermo-physical properties. The governing equations are nonlinear partial differential equations. At first, the nonlinear partial differential equations are converted to system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using suitable similarity transformations and then solved numerically. The influence of relevant parameters on velocities, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism density is illustrated and explained thoroughly. This investigation indicated that suction provides a better medium to enhance the transfer rate of heat, mass and microorganisms compared to blowing. This analysis has a wide range engineering application such as electromagnetic micro pumps and nanomechanics.
微流控相关技术和基于微机电系统的微流控装置在科学和工程领域得到了广泛的应用。本文研究了一个稳定的强制对流流动的数学模型,通过一个旋转的圆盘浸泡在有微生物的水基纳米流体中。研究了多滑移条件下的黏性纳米流体边界层流动和磁场影响下的斯特凡吹气效应。微观纳米颗粒具有随机运动和热泳特性,认为纳米流体体积分数的变化不影响其热物理性质。控制方程为非线性偏微分方程。首先利用适当的相似变换将非线性偏微分方程转化为非线性常微分方程组,然后进行数值求解。详细说明了相关参数对速度、温度、浓度和活动微生物密度的影响。研究表明,与吹气相比,抽气提供了更好的介质来提高热、质量和微生物的传递率。该分析在电磁微泵、纳米力学等领域具有广泛的工程应用。
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引用次数: 59
Investigating vibrations of viscoelastic fluid-conveying carbon nanotubes resting on viscoelastic foundation using a nonlocal fractional Timoshenko beam model 基于非局部分数Timoshenko梁模型研究粘弹性基础上粘弹性流体输送碳纳米管的振动
M. F. Oskouie, Reza Ansari, H. Rouhi
On the basis of fractional viscoelasticity, the size-dependent free-vibration response of viscoelastic carbon nanotubes conveying fluid and resting on viscoelastic foundation is studied in this article. To this end, a nonlocal Timoshenko beam model is developed in the context of fractional calculus. Hamilton’s principle is applied in order to obtain the fractional governing equations including nanoscale effects. The Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model is also used for the constitutive equations. The free-vibration problem is solved using two methods. In the first method, which is limited to the simply supported boundary conditions, the Galerkin technique is employed for discretizing the spatial variables and reducing the governing equations to a set of ordinary differential equations on the time domain. Then, the Duffing-type time-dependent equations including fractional derivatives are solved via fractional integrator transfer functions. In the second method, which can be utilized for carbon nanotubes with different types of boundary conditions, the generalized differential quadrature technique is used for discretizing the governing equations on spatial grids, whereas the finite difference technique is used on the time domain. In the results, the influences of nonlocality, geometrical parameters, fractional derivative orders, viscoelastic foundation, and fluid flow velocity on the time responses of carbon nanotubes are analyzed.
本文在分数粘弹性理论的基础上,研究了粘弹性碳纳米管在粘弹性基础上输送流体时随尺寸变化的自由振动响应。为此,在分数阶微积分的背景下,建立了一个非局部Timoshenko梁模型。为了得到包含纳米级效应的分数阶控制方程,应用了汉密尔顿原理。本构方程也采用了Kelvin-Voigt粘弹性模型。自由振动问题用两种方法求解。第一种方法是在简支边界条件下,利用伽辽金技术对空间变量进行离散,将控制方程在时域上化为一组常微分方程。然后,利用分数阶积分传递函数求解含分数阶导数的duffing型时变方程。第二种方法适用于具有不同边界条件的碳纳米管,在空间网格上使用广义微分正交技术对控制方程进行离散,而在时间域上使用有限差分技术。结果分析了非定域、几何参数、分数阶导数阶数、粘弹性基础和流体流速对碳纳米管时间响应的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Mechanical analysis of eccentric defected bilayer graphene sheets considering the van der Waals force 考虑范德华力的偏心缺陷双层石墨烯片的力学分析
S. Dastjerdi, M. Malikan
In this article, we have tried to simulate nonlinear bending analysis of a double-layered graphene sheet which contains a geometrical imperfection based on an eccentric hole. The first-order shear deformation theory is considered to obtain the governing equations. Also, the nonlinear von Kármán strain field has been assumed in order to obtain large deformations. Whereas the double-layered graphene sheet has been considered, the effect of van der Waals forces has been taken into account in the analysis. In order to implement the nanoscale impact, the nonlocal elasticity theory has been employed. The solution methodology, which is here based on the semi-analytical polynomial method solving technique presented previously by the authors, has been applied and again its efficiency has been demonstrated due to its highly accurate results. Due to the fact that this research has been done for the first time and there is no validation available, the results of the local single layer sheet are compared with ABAQUS software. The effects of some other parameters on the results have been studied such as the value of eccentricity, van der Waals interaction, and nonlocal parameter.
在这篇文章中,我们试图模拟含有基于偏心孔的几何缺陷的双层石墨烯片的非线性弯曲分析。采用一阶剪切变形理论求解控制方程。此外,为了获得大变形,还假定了非线性von Kármán应变场。考虑到双层石墨烯片,在分析中考虑了范德华力的影响。为了实现纳米尺度的冲击,采用了非局部弹性理论。本文的求解方法基于作者先前提出的半解析多项式方法求解技术,并因其高度精确的结果再次证明了其有效性。由于本研究是首次进行,没有验证,因此将局部单层片的结果与ABAQUS软件进行了比较。研究了偏心率、范德华相互作用和非局部参数等参数对结果的影响。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part N-Journal of Nanomaterials Nanoengineering and Nanosystems
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