A multi-function phased array radar must search and track suspicious targets in its surveillance space in a real-time fashion. This paper targets one of the most important issues in the design of modern phased array radars: real-time dwell scheduling. We propose a rate-based approach to schedule radar dwells in a real-time fashion. We show how to reserve radar resources to guarantee the minimum radar operation without sacrificing the stability of the system. The strength of our approach is verified by a series of simulation experiments based a real phased array radar for air defense frigates.
{"title":"Real-time dwell scheduling of component-oriented phased array radars","authors":"Tei-Wei Kuo, Yung-Sheng Chao, Chin-Fu Kuo, Cheng Chang","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999699","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-function phased array radar must search and track suspicious targets in its surveillance space in a real-time fashion. This paper targets one of the most important issues in the design of modern phased array radars: real-time dwell scheduling. We propose a rate-based approach to schedule radar dwells in a real-time fashion. We show how to reserve radar resources to guarantee the minimum radar operation without sacrificing the stability of the system. The strength of our approach is verified by a series of simulation experiments based a real phased array radar for air defense frigates.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131487067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes the time space MUSIC technique using the chirp pulse signal of a tracking radar. Direction/time of arrival (D/TOA) estimation characteristics are evaluated for the simulated point sources, simulated extended air targets, and the actual extended air targets. It is shown that the proposed technique is enable to highly resolve and precisely estimate D/TOA of the actual targets covered by one radar beam width.
{"title":"Direction/time of arrivals (D/TOA) estimation characteristics of the MUSIC algorithm for the actual extended targets of the chirp pulse tracking radar","authors":"M. Uneda, H. Hokazono","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999710","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the time space MUSIC technique using the chirp pulse signal of a tracking radar. Direction/time of arrival (D/TOA) estimation characteristics are evaluated for the simulated point sources, simulated extended air targets, and the actual extended air targets. It is shown that the proposed technique is enable to highly resolve and precisely estimate D/TOA of the actual targets covered by one radar beam width.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125628047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Northrop Grumman avionics simulation (AVSIM) is one of a set of simulations focused on fighter class radars. It is designed to support a variety of analysis and development activities, spanning requirements analysis, radar software development, performance evaluation and pilot interfaces. This paper describes AVSIM and the simulation architecture that surrounds it. The model provides high fidelity representations of both air-to-air and air-to-ground radar modes, encompassing detection capability, measurement errors, tracking performance and time lines. Analytical models are used to represent high data rate signal processing functions, while operational software is used for less intensive data processing such as radar control and tracking activities. AVSIM can be driven by models such as the joint integrated mission model (JIMM) or by tightly controlled scenarios from its own scenario generator. It can be run in real time, as part of a cockpit simulator, or in Monte Carlo mode, for detailed performance analysis. Extensive post processing capabilities provide insight into radar detection, measurement errors, tracking and time line performance. Scan patterns are also visualized, via playback capabilities. AVSIM represents a substantial advance in the state of the art for high fidelity multi-use avionics simulations.
{"title":"Northrop Grumman radar simulation (AVSIM)","authors":"R. Worsham","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999716","url":null,"abstract":"The Northrop Grumman avionics simulation (AVSIM) is one of a set of simulations focused on fighter class radars. It is designed to support a variety of analysis and development activities, spanning requirements analysis, radar software development, performance evaluation and pilot interfaces. This paper describes AVSIM and the simulation architecture that surrounds it. The model provides high fidelity representations of both air-to-air and air-to-ground radar modes, encompassing detection capability, measurement errors, tracking performance and time lines. Analytical models are used to represent high data rate signal processing functions, while operational software is used for less intensive data processing such as radar control and tracking activities. AVSIM can be driven by models such as the joint integrated mission model (JIMM) or by tightly controlled scenarios from its own scenario generator. It can be run in real time, as part of a cockpit simulator, or in Monte Carlo mode, for detailed performance analysis. Extensive post processing capabilities provide insight into radar detection, measurement errors, tracking and time line performance. Scan patterns are also visualized, via playback capabilities. AVSIM represents a substantial advance in the state of the art for high fidelity multi-use avionics simulations.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128309967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study issues associated with applying space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques in bistatic airborne applications. We consider the performance of several STAP approaches in different scenarios. Specific consideration is given to the effects of bistatic clutter spectral dispersion on covariance estimation and the algorithm's resulting clutter rejection capability. Our prime focus emphasizes adaptive processing methods capable of high performance with efficient utilization of training data. A deterministic two-dimensional spectral compensation is used to align the clutter spectral centers and thus enhance the performance of the proposed approaches. Algorithm performance is assessed using the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) compared to that of the matched filter with known covariance.
{"title":"STAP with angle-Doppler compensation for bistatic airborne radars","authors":"B. Himed, Yuhong Zhang, A. Hajjari","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999737","url":null,"abstract":"We study issues associated with applying space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques in bistatic airborne applications. We consider the performance of several STAP approaches in different scenarios. Specific consideration is given to the effects of bistatic clutter spectral dispersion on covariance estimation and the algorithm's resulting clutter rejection capability. Our prime focus emphasizes adaptive processing methods capable of high performance with efficient utilization of training data. A deterministic two-dimensional spectral compensation is used to align the clutter spectral centers and thus enhance the performance of the proposed approaches. Algorithm performance is assessed using the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) compared to that of the matched filter with known covariance.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133958607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terrain scattered interference or hot clutter is a problem in radar ECCM, especially for airborne radar with low sidelobe antennas and conventional adaptive sidelobe cancellation. A deconvolution approach is proposed to mitigate terrain scattered interference. This approach is based on obtaining an estimate of the complex multipath impulse response from a short time interval in the received signals. The impulse response estimate is then convolved with a direct path reference signal to generate an estimate of the received terrain scattered interference signal. This interference signal estimate is then subtracted from the received main beam signal to generate a main beam signal with mitigated terrain scattered interference.
{"title":"Deconvolution approach to terrain scattered interference mitigation","authors":"A. Nelander","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999742","url":null,"abstract":"Terrain scattered interference or hot clutter is a problem in radar ECCM, especially for airborne radar with low sidelobe antennas and conventional adaptive sidelobe cancellation. A deconvolution approach is proposed to mitigate terrain scattered interference. This approach is based on obtaining an estimate of the complex multipath impulse response from a short time interval in the received signals. The impulse response estimate is then convolved with a direct path reference signal to generate an estimate of the received terrain scattered interference signal. This interference signal estimate is then subtracted from the received main beam signal to generate a main beam signal with mitigated terrain scattered interference.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132929445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Zulch, M. Wicks, B. Moran, S. Suvorova, J. Byrnes
A new phase coding technique for radar signals is introduced which uses novel complementary waveforms constructed to have optimal sidelobe performance. The waveforms are constructed using a modification of the Prometheus orthonormal set (PONS) technique. An advantage of a PONS matrix is that it allows for many complementary pairs of waveforms to choose from as well as allowing for multiple pairs to be used simultaneously. It is shown that sets of waveforms which are complementary in quartets can also be applied for more flexibility. Results showing improved ambiguity properties versus other radar waveform coding techniques are given.
{"title":"A new complementary waveform technique for radar signals","authors":"P. Zulch, M. Wicks, B. Moran, S. Suvorova, J. Byrnes","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999689","url":null,"abstract":"A new phase coding technique for radar signals is introduced which uses novel complementary waveforms constructed to have optimal sidelobe performance. The waveforms are constructed using a modification of the Prometheus orthonormal set (PONS) technique. An advantage of a PONS matrix is that it allows for many complementary pairs of waveforms to choose from as well as allowing for multiple pairs to be used simultaneously. It is shown that sets of waveforms which are complementary in quartets can also be applied for more flexibility. Results showing improved ambiguity properties versus other radar waveform coding techniques are given.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"4 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125874558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For pt.I see National Radar Conference, Atlanta Ga, May 2001). In this paper, the future problems of kill assessment in the exo-atmosphere is discussed. The concentration is on characterizing the Doppler spectrum of objects that are undergoing non-uniform motion. Then a data collection experiment is discussed for gathering exo-atmospheric Doppler data.
{"title":"The problem of kill assessment .I.I. The Doppler effect and exo-atmospheric kill assessment","authors":"J.E. Gray, P. Brastrom","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999698","url":null,"abstract":"For pt.I see National Radar Conference, Atlanta Ga, May 2001). In this paper, the future problems of kill assessment in the exo-atmosphere is discussed. The concentration is on characterizing the Doppler spectrum of objects that are undergoing non-uniform motion. Then a data collection experiment is discussed for gathering exo-atmospheric Doppler data.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124433660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Local-oscillator (LO) signals in up/down converters for most radar systems are typically generated using synthesizers, bench sources, custom-built frequency sources or direct-digital synthesis (DDS). In a digital-array radar (DAR) concept, a single-bit delta-sigma (/spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/) technique is considered as a viable alternative to encode sine waves digitally for LO signal generation. This technique is applied to synthesize sinusoidal signals at a low frequency. These signals are then injected into a frequency multiplier system for generating LO signals. When independently coded /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ sine waves are created offline on a per element basis for a phased array system, the in-band noise shaped response improves as a result of digital beam forming (DBF). In this paper, a single-bit encoding technique for LO signal generation is discussed. Some simulation results are provided as well as a candidate microwave design for a frequency multiplier system.
{"title":"Digital local-oscillator generation using a delta-sigma technique","authors":"J. de Graaf, B. Cantrell","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999708","url":null,"abstract":"Local-oscillator (LO) signals in up/down converters for most radar systems are typically generated using synthesizers, bench sources, custom-built frequency sources or direct-digital synthesis (DDS). In a digital-array radar (DAR) concept, a single-bit delta-sigma (/spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/) technique is considered as a viable alternative to encode sine waves digitally for LO signal generation. This technique is applied to synthesize sinusoidal signals at a low frequency. These signals are then injected into a frequency multiplier system for generating LO signals. When independently coded /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ sine waves are created offline on a per element basis for a phased array system, the in-band noise shaped response improves as a result of digital beam forming (DBF). In this paper, a single-bit encoding technique for LO signal generation is discussed. Some simulation results are provided as well as a candidate microwave design for a frequency multiplier system.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121574216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ISAR imaging technique is a well consolidated method for target image reconstruction. One of the main critical steps of the technique is motion compensation. This operation consists of removing from the received signal a phase term due to the translational motion of the target. As the target motion is not a priori known, motion parameters are typically estimated from the received data by means of autofocusing techniques. Different techniques are proposed in the literature. Their effectiveness is demonstrated by showing the results obtained by applying the algorithms to real and simulated data, without giving a quantitative analysis of their performance. The goal of this work is to analyze the performance of an image contrast-based ISAR autofocusing technique developed by the authors. The results are provided in terms of the statistics of the focusing parameter estimation errors.
{"title":"Performance analysis of a contrast-based ISAR autofocusing algorithm","authors":"F. Berizzi, E. Dalle Mese, M. Martorella","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999719","url":null,"abstract":"The ISAR imaging technique is a well consolidated method for target image reconstruction. One of the main critical steps of the technique is motion compensation. This operation consists of removing from the received signal a phase term due to the translational motion of the target. As the target motion is not a priori known, motion parameters are typically estimated from the received data by means of autofocusing techniques. Different techniques are proposed in the literature. Their effectiveness is demonstrated by showing the results obtained by applying the algorithms to real and simulated data, without giving a quantitative analysis of their performance. The goal of this work is to analyze the performance of an image contrast-based ISAR autofocusing technique developed by the authors. The results are provided in terms of the statistics of the focusing parameter estimation errors.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124659192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a method for generating highly bandlimited or spectrally clean signals and investigates an amplification scheme for physically realizing such signals. The method for generating spectrally clean signals involves interpolating discrete-time signals with Gaussian-windowed sinc functions to obtain highly-bandlimited continuous-time signals. Using this technique, spectrally clean continuous-time signals were obtained which are reasonably efficient and have desirable autocorrelation functions as well as being bandlimited. The modulation technique is illustrated with several examples using the thirteen bit Barker code. The amplifier configuration known as LINC (linear amplification using nonlinear components) is proposed as a means of generating spectrally clean signals.
{"title":"Highly bandlimited radar signals","authors":"R. Chen, B. Cantrell","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999722","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a method for generating highly bandlimited or spectrally clean signals and investigates an amplification scheme for physically realizing such signals. The method for generating spectrally clean signals involves interpolating discrete-time signals with Gaussian-windowed sinc functions to obtain highly-bandlimited continuous-time signals. Using this technique, spectrally clean continuous-time signals were obtained which are reasonably efficient and have desirable autocorrelation functions as well as being bandlimited. The modulation technique is illustrated with several examples using the thirteen bit Barker code. The amplifier configuration known as LINC (linear amplification using nonlinear components) is proposed as a means of generating spectrally clean signals.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126232700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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