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Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)最新文献

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Performance characterization of space-time adaptive processing algorithms for distributed target detection in non-ideal environments 非理想环境下分布式目标检测的时空自适应处理算法性能表征
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2002.999735
K. McDonald, Rick S. Blum
The use of adaptive algorithms to mitigate the detrimental effects of noise on receivers employing antenna arrays is instrumental in modern day radar systems applications. In most of these algorithms, the target is assumed to be confined to only one range cell. Under practical operating conditions, the target can actually be distributed across several range cells. This signal contamination causes the performance of the adaptive algorithm to degrade. Also, a covariance matrix is used for clutter-plus-noise in the design of the adaptive algorithm. This quantity is usually characterized by using samples taken from range cells surrounding the test cell. Performance suffers if the underlying test cell covariance matrix is different from the average covariance matrix of the surrounding range cells. We analyze a space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithm designed to utilize signal contamination to the advantage of the receiver. Expressions for performance, incorporating the possibility of covariance matrix mismatch, are developed for such distributed target scenarios. Numerical analysis illustrates that the presented algorithm functions significantly better than traditional STAP algorithms in signal contaminated environments. This investigation also shows how variations in the parameters that describe covariance matrix mismatch affect performance.
使用自适应算法来减轻噪声对采用天线阵列的接收机的有害影响在现代雷达系统应用中是有用的。在这些算法中,大多数假设目标被限制在一个距离单元中。在实际操作条件下,目标实际上可以分布在多个距离单元中。这种信号污染导致自适应算法的性能下降。在自适应算法的设计中,采用协方差矩阵对杂波加噪声进行处理。该数量通常通过使用从测试单元周围的量程单元中采集的样品来表征。如果底层测试单元协方差矩阵与周围距离单元的平均协方差矩阵不同,则性能会受到影响。我们分析了一种时空自适应处理(STAP)算法,该算法旨在利用信号污染对接收机有利。考虑协方差矩阵不匹配可能性的性能表达式针对这种分布式目标场景进行了开发。数值分析表明,该算法在信号污染环境下的性能明显优于传统的STAP算法。本研究还显示了描述协方差矩阵不匹配的参数的变化如何影响性能。
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引用次数: 6
Sub-array level simulation of an active electronically scanned array radar for integrated system design 用于集成系统设计的有源电子扫描阵列雷达的子阵列级仿真
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2002.999726
N. Ramsey, C. McComb, D. Greig
An overview of a complete simulation of an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar system is given. The Airborne Radar Environment Simulation (ARES) tool has been developed to represent signals emanating from the radar's environment at the sub-array level. This data forms the input to a test bed simulation in which signal processing algorithms can be developed, in particular adaptive beam forming (ABF) and space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques which make use of the sub-array signals. Examples of the outputs from the simulations are presented. The philosophy and methodology of radar systems design and development using simulations is discussed.
概述了有源电子扫描阵列(AESA)雷达系统的完整仿真。机载雷达环境模拟(ARES)工具已经被开发用于表示从子阵列级雷达环境发出的信号。这些数据形成了一个试验台模拟的输入,其中可以开发信号处理算法,特别是利用子阵列信号的自适应波束形成(ABF)和时空自适应处理(STAP)技术。给出了仿真输出的实例。讨论了利用仿真技术设计和开发雷达系统的原理和方法。
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引用次数: 2
Application of fast projection techniques without eigenanalysis to STAP 非特征分析快速投影技术在STAP中的应用
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2002.999748
C. Gierull, B. Balaji
In ground surveillance from an airborne or space-based radar it is desirable to be able to detect small and slowly moving targets, within severe ground clutter. For operational moving target indication (MTI) systems the clutter filter coefficients have to be updated frequently due to rapidly changing interference environment. This paper examines the small sample size performance of different fast fully adaptive space-time processors (STAP) and compares it to the optimum-detector performance. These previously proposed techniques, named matrix transformation based projection (MTP) and lean matrix inversion (LMI), were originally developed to provide fast jammer suppression in phased array radars with many elements. For this application they have been proven to operate with near-optimum performance, yet with a computational expense extremely reduced from that of the optimum detector in most practical cases. The investigation herein focuses on the performance achieved when only a very few data samples are available to adapt (update) the clutter filter coefficient.
在机载或天基雷达的地面监视中,希望能够在严重的地面杂波中探测到小型和缓慢移动的目标。在作战运动目标指示系统中,由于干扰环境的快速变化,杂波滤波系数需要频繁更新。研究了不同快速全自适应时空处理器(STAP)的小样本性能,并将其与最优检测器性能进行了比较。这些先前提出的技术,称为基于矩阵变换的投影(MTP)和精益矩阵反演(LMI),最初是为了在多单元相控阵雷达中提供快速干扰抑制而开发的。对于这种应用,它们已被证明具有接近最佳性能的操作,但在大多数实际情况下,与最佳检测器相比,计算费用大大降低。本文的研究重点是在只有很少的数据样本可用于适应(更新)杂波滤波系数时所取得的性能。
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引用次数: 2
Bistatic reflectivity measurements on various terrains at X, Ku, Ka and W-band frequencies X、Ku、Ka和w波段不同地形双基地反射率测量
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2002.999730
B.L. Matkin, J. Mullins, T.J. Ferster, P. Vanderford
Data that realistically represent the phenomenology of bistatic reflectivity are essential to the design of radar systems intended to sense land based targets and low flying aircraft. A need exists to further characterize clutter phenomenology in order to design and project the performance of current and future systems. This paper provides an overview of X, Ku, Ka and W-band bistatic measurements made at the Research, Development and Engineering Center at Redstone Arsenal. The data collection includes both on-axis (zero degrees) and off-axis (10 and 30 degrees) measurements of the bistatic reflectivity response of sand, gravel, sod and flat plates. The reflectivity results from gravel, grassy sod, smooth sand and flat plates are presented. Modeling and statistical analysis of the data are discussed. This work has application to tactical missile systems that must complete their engagements at low altitudes in a clutter environment.
真实反映双基地反射率现象的数据对于设计用于探测陆基目标和低空飞行飞机的雷达系统至关重要。为了设计和规划当前和未来系统的性能,需要进一步表征杂波现象学。本文概述了在红石兵工厂研究、开发和工程中心进行的X、Ku、Ka和w波段双基地测量。数据收集包括轴向(0度)和轴向(10度和30度)测量砂、砾石、草皮和平板的双基地反射率响应。给出了砾石、草皮、光滑砂和平板的反射率结果。讨论了数据的建模和统计分析。这项工作适用于战术导弹系统,必须在低空杂波环境中完成交战。
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引用次数: 6
Theoretical analysis of small sample size behaviour of eigenvector projection technique applied to STAP 小样本特征向量投影技术应用于STAP的理论分析
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2002.999747
B. Balaji, C. Gierull
We investigate finite sample size performance of the eigenvector projection method when applied to space-time adaptive processing (STAP). A theoretical analysis of the expectation of the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) for the eigenvector projection technique is presented. This gives insight into the the problem of determining the optimum choice of the projected clutter subspace. An estimator of the sample-size dependent optimum subspace dimension, which can be significantly smaller than the clutter rank, is also presented. This result, combined with near-optimal eigenvector-free projection techniques with minimal sample support, helps in reducing the computational burden significantly.
研究了有限样本容量下特征向量投影法在时空自适应处理(STAP)中的性能。对特征向量投影技术的信噪比期望进行了理论分析。这为确定投影杂波子空间的最优选择问题提供了深入的见解。给出了一个与样本大小相关的最优子空间维数的估计量,该估计量明显小于杂波秩。这一结果与近乎最优的无特征向量投影技术相结合,具有最小的样本支持,有助于显著减少计算负担。
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引用次数: 2
Sparse mutual coupling matrix and sensor gain/phase estimation for array auto-calibration 稀疏互耦矩阵与阵列自动校准传感器增益/相位估计
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2002.999734
A. Jaffer
This paper develops a method for estimating the sparse array mutual coupling matrix and sensor gains/phases using a signal source at unknown directions. The sparsity of the mutual coupling matrix results from the recognition that the mutual coupling between array elements is inversely related to their separation and may be negligible for elements separated by a few wavelengths. We remove the restriction that the signal test source directions must be known, as required in an earlier recent work by the author (see Jaffer, A.G., Proc. 35th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 2001). A fast converging iterative method is developed which estimates the directions and the sparse mutual coupling matrix and sensor gains/phases. Computer simulation results are presented to demonstrate the utility of the method.
本文提出了一种利用未知方向的信号源估计稀疏阵列互耦矩阵和传感器增益/相位的方法。互耦矩阵的稀疏性是由于认识到阵列元素之间的互耦与它们的距离成反比,并且对于相距几个波长的元素可以忽略不计。我们取消了信号测试源方向必须已知的限制,正如作者最近早期工作所要求的那样(见Jaffer, a.g., Proc. 35 Asilomar会议上的信号,系统和计算机,2001)。提出了一种快速收敛迭代估计方向、稀疏互耦矩阵和传感器增益/相位的方法。计算机仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 7
Clutter processing using K-distributions for digital radars with increased sensitivity 基于k分布的高灵敏度数字雷达杂波处理
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2002.999725
L. Osadciw, J.F. Slocum
This paper presents a unique false alarm mitigation approach for nonhomogeneous clutter, which is problematic for digital radars with increased sensitivity. A clutter map is formed containing estimates of the two parameters for the K-distribution. The map applies the new thresholds to the data. The false alarm rate is reduced by a factor of 1000 due to the improved accuracy in modeling the clutter distribution tail.
针对非均匀杂波的虚警抑制问题,提出了一种独特的非均匀杂波虚警抑制方法。形成一个杂波图,其中包含k分布的两个参数的估计。该映射将新的阈值应用于数据。由于提高了对杂波分布尾部的建模精度,虚警率降低了1000倍。
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引用次数: 9
Moving target detection in over-the-horizon radar using adaptive chirplet transform 基于自适应啁啾变换的超视距雷达运动目标检测
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2002.999697
Genyuan Wang, X. Xia, B. Root, V. Chen
In over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) moving target detection, the signal to clutter ratio (SCR) is low. One method to detect a moving target is to first reject the clutter and improve the SCR before the detection, such as the adaptive Fourier transform developed by Root (see SPIE Conference, San Diego, p.19-24, July 1998) when a target moves uniformly. When a target does not move uniformly, the Fourier based techniques for the target detection including super resolution techniques may not work well. We replace the Fourier transform by the adaptive chirplet transform in the Doppler processing in OTHR when a target moves non-uniformly.
在超视距雷达(OTHR)运动目标检测中,信杂比(SCR)较低。检测运动目标的一种方法是在检测前首先抑制杂波并提高SCR,如Root在目标均匀运动时开发的自适应傅立叶变换(参见SPIE Conference, San Diego, p.19-24, July 1998)。当目标运动不均匀时,基于傅立叶的目标检测技术包括超分辨率技术可能无法很好地工作。当目标运动不均匀时,用自适应小波变换代替傅立叶变换进行多普勒处理。
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引用次数: 9
Chaotic behaviour and non-linear prediction of airborne radar sea clutter data 机载雷达海杂波数据的混沌行为及非线性预测
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2002.999740
M. McDonald, V. Varadan, H. Leung
The potential to model sea clutter radar returns using chaos theory is examined. Chaotic systems display qualitative similarities to sea clutter returns such as broad flat spectra, boundedness and irregular temporal behaviour. In this report several key parameters of chaotic systems, namely correlation dimension, Lyapunov spectrum and Lyapunov dimension are calculated from real sea clutter returns and found to be consistent with a chaotic interpretation. The airborne high resolution data (less than one metre) produces a correlation coefficient with an average value of 4.63 and an embedding dimension of 6-7. Lyapunov dimensions are consistent with correlation values. A local linear technique and a radial basis function (RBF) are used to construct a one step non-linear predictor. A mean square error (MSE) of approximately 0.0032 between the predicted and normalized (i.e. maximum +/-1 range) real time series is measured.
探讨了用混沌理论模拟海杂波雷达回波的可能性。混沌系统表现出与海杂波回波在质上的相似性,如宽的平坦光谱、有界性和不规则的时间行为。本文从实际海杂波回波中计算了混沌系统的几个关键参数,即相关维数、Lyapunov谱和Lyapunov维数,发现它们与混沌解释一致。航空高分辨率(小于1米)数据的相关系数平均值为4.63,嵌入维数为6-7。李雅普诺夫维数与相关值一致。采用局部线性技术和径向基函数(RBF)构造单步非线性预测器。测量了预测和归一化(即最大+/-1范围)实时序列之间的均方误差(MSE)约为0.0032。
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引用次数: 10
A polarimetric adaptive detector in non-Gaussian noise 非高斯噪声中偏振自适应检测器
Pub Date : 2002-08-07 DOI: 10.1109/NRC.2002.999763
A. De Maio, G. Alfano
We address polarimetric adaptive detection of targets embedded in compound-Gaussian clutter with unknown covariance matrix. To this end we assume that a set of secondary data, free of signal components and with the same covariance structure of the cell under test, is available. We resort to a design procedure based upon the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT): first we derive the GLRT assuming that the textures are known, then we plug into the derived test suitable estimates of these parameters. Remarkably, the newly proposed detector has the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) property with respect to the texture statistical characterization. Moreover, even though it does not ensure the CFAR property with respect to the clutter covariance matrix, a sensitivity analysis shows that the probability of false alarm is only slightly affected by variations in the clutter correlation properties. Finally, the performance assessment, conducted via Monte Carlo simulations, confirms the capability of the receiver to operate in real radar scenarios.
研究了嵌入在协方差矩阵未知的复合高斯杂波中的目标偏振自适应检测问题。为此,我们假设有一组辅助数据,不含信号成分,且与待测单元具有相同的协方差结构。我们采用基于广义似然比检验(GLRT)的设计程序:首先,我们在假设纹理已知的情况下推导出GLRT,然后我们将这些参数的适当估计插入导出的测试中。值得注意的是,新提出的检测器在纹理统计表征方面具有恒定的虚警率(CFAR)特性。此外,尽管它不能保证相对于杂波协方差矩阵的CFAR特性,但灵敏度分析表明,杂波相关特性的变化对虚警概率的影响很小。最后,通过蒙特卡罗模拟进行了性能评估,确认了接收机在真实雷达场景中工作的能力。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)
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