Y. Hara, T. Hara, T. Seo, H. Yanagisawa, P. Ratliff, W. Machowski
The paper describes the development of a new type of radar system called Chaotic Signal Radar (CSR), which utilises truly random signals for the modulation and a novel implicit sampling averaging algorithm in the receiver. The paper presents the results of simulation study in conjunction with the real measurements using a prototype CSR.
{"title":"Development of a chaotic signal radar system for vehicular collision-avoidance","authors":"Y. Hara, T. Hara, T. Seo, H. Yanagisawa, P. Ratliff, W. Machowski","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999723","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the development of a new type of radar system called Chaotic Signal Radar (CSR), which utilises truly random signals for the modulation and a novel implicit sampling averaging algorithm in the receiver. The paper presents the results of simulation study in conjunction with the real measurements using a prototype CSR.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116981807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes an improved ultra-wideband (UWB) receiver for the receiving of ultra short electrical pulses transmitted by a short-range microwave radar. The receiver comprises an ultra-wideband balun operating in a frequency range of 600 MHz to 6 GHz and an integrated pulse sharpening circuit. The pulse sharpening circuit is driven by square-wave pulses with an amplitude of 1.5 V, a pulse width of 70 ps (FWHM), a rise time of 30 ps and a fall time of 80 ps. The receiver is realized in hybrid technology on CuClad substrate which makes it low cost and easy to integrate. The principle of operation of the receiver is based on the symmetry of the received input pulses leading to a high sensitivity and a dynamic range of 60 dB.
{"title":"A high sensitive receiver for baseband pulse microwave radar sensor using hybrid technology","authors":"S. Abuasaker, G. Kompa","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999706","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an improved ultra-wideband (UWB) receiver for the receiving of ultra short electrical pulses transmitted by a short-range microwave radar. The receiver comprises an ultra-wideband balun operating in a frequency range of 600 MHz to 6 GHz and an integrated pulse sharpening circuit. The pulse sharpening circuit is driven by square-wave pulses with an amplitude of 1.5 V, a pulse width of 70 ps (FWHM), a rise time of 30 ps and a fall time of 80 ps. The receiver is realized in hybrid technology on CuClad substrate which makes it low cost and easy to integrate. The principle of operation of the receiver is based on the symmetry of the received input pulses leading to a high sensitivity and a dynamic range of 60 dB.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129240133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Smith, S. Gelsema, L.J.H.M. Kester, H.W. Melief, G.P. Cabic, A. Theil, E. Woudenberg
Doppler polarimetry in a surveillance radar for the maritime surface picture is considered. This radar must be able to detect low-RCS targets in littoral environments. Measurements on such targets have been conducted with a coherent polarimetric measurement radar in March 2001 and preliminary results from that campaign are presented. The system provides estimates of the scattering matrix per range-Doppler bin. Several physical quantities that can be exploited to discriminate target echoes from sea clutter responses are discussed and an impression is given on their effectiveness.
{"title":"Maritime target and sea clutter measurements with a coherent Doppler polarimetric surveillance radar","authors":"A. Smith, S. Gelsema, L.J.H.M. Kester, H.W. Melief, G.P. Cabic, A. Theil, E. Woudenberg","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999739","url":null,"abstract":"Doppler polarimetry in a surveillance radar for the maritime surface picture is considered. This radar must be able to detect low-RCS targets in littoral environments. Measurements on such targets have been conducted with a coherent polarimetric measurement radar in March 2001 and preliminary results from that campaign are presented. The system provides estimates of the scattering matrix per range-Doppler bin. Several physical quantities that can be exploited to discriminate target echoes from sea clutter responses are discussed and an impression is given on their effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130888102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose a new approach to the estimation of the direction of arrival (DOA) of multiple radar targets present in the main lobe of a mechanically rotating antenna. The method is based on the maximum likelihood (ML) technique and it exploits knowledge of the antenna beam pattern. Two scenarios are considered: multiple targets with deterministic unknown complex amplitudes, and multiple targets with random complex Gaussian distributed amplitudes. The performance of the proposed estimator is assessed through Monte Carlo simulation and compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound.
{"title":"Multiple target DOA estimation by exploiting knowledge of the antenna main beam pattern","authors":"A. Farina, F. Gini, M. Greco","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999757","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new approach to the estimation of the direction of arrival (DOA) of multiple radar targets present in the main lobe of a mechanically rotating antenna. The method is based on the maximum likelihood (ML) technique and it exploits knowledge of the antenna beam pattern. Two scenarios are considered: multiple targets with deterministic unknown complex amplitudes, and multiple targets with random complex Gaussian distributed amplitudes. The performance of the proposed estimator is assessed through Monte Carlo simulation and compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131593602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work we present a new extraction and matching algorithms that enable to perform automatic target recognition (ATR) in high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data and targets in proximity. Our motivation was to show benefits of high-resolution SAR for ATR and extend the current capabilities of ATR algorithms for targets in extended operating conditions (EOCs), for example, targets in proximity. We develop a new extraction algorithm for target signatures represented by a point pattern. Each point pattern is extracted using a resolution independent SAR peak model. Test and prototype target signatures are compared with a new matching algorithm. The matching algorithm is capable of identifying multiple signatures in a test point pattern. An experimental evaluation of ATR performance for targets in proximity at multiple data resolution is conducted. The contribution of this work is in (a) developing a peak extraction algorithm that uses a resolution independent SAR peak model, (b) designing a new matching algorithm that can identify multiple signatures in a single test pattern, (c) evaluating ATR performance for targets in proximity at multiple data resolutions.
{"title":"Benefits of high resolution SAR for ATR of targets in proximity","authors":"P. Bajcsy, A. R. Chaudhuri","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999688","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we present a new extraction and matching algorithms that enable to perform automatic target recognition (ATR) in high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data and targets in proximity. Our motivation was to show benefits of high-resolution SAR for ATR and extend the current capabilities of ATR algorithms for targets in extended operating conditions (EOCs), for example, targets in proximity. We develop a new extraction algorithm for target signatures represented by a point pattern. Each point pattern is extracted using a resolution independent SAR peak model. Test and prototype target signatures are compared with a new matching algorithm. The matching algorithm is capable of identifying multiple signatures in a test point pattern. An experimental evaluation of ATR performance for targets in proximity at multiple data resolution is conducted. The contribution of this work is in (a) developing a peak extraction algorithm that uses a resolution independent SAR peak model, (b) designing a new matching algorithm that can identify multiple signatures in a single test pattern, (c) evaluating ATR performance for targets in proximity at multiple data resolutions.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133875497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High radar sensitivities are required in the detection of small cross section targets or in ECM environments. An effective way of improving the radar sensitivity is to use long coherent integration times. Results of the work to be presented include studies of target decorrelation using actual magnitude/phase flight test data from aircraft and the resolution of the "filter fly-through" problem due to translational acceleration. The acceleration compensation technique described in this radar generates matched filters that compensate for each acceleration. The matched filters optimize the signal-to-noise ratio by weighting and combining the Doppler filters over which the target is spreading. Both coherent and non-coherent matched filters can be formed. This provides direct and precise measurement of target acceleration for enhanced detection and tracking of maneuvering targets.
{"title":"Acceleration compensation by matched filtering","authors":"K. Krikorian, R. Rosen","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999754","url":null,"abstract":"High radar sensitivities are required in the detection of small cross section targets or in ECM environments. An effective way of improving the radar sensitivity is to use long coherent integration times. Results of the work to be presented include studies of target decorrelation using actual magnitude/phase flight test data from aircraft and the resolution of the \"filter fly-through\" problem due to translational acceleration. The acceleration compensation technique described in this radar generates matched filters that compensate for each acceleration. The matched filters optimize the signal-to-noise ratio by weighting and combining the Doppler filters over which the target is spreading. Both coherent and non-coherent matched filters can be formed. This provides direct and precise measurement of target acceleration for enhanced detection and tracking of maneuvering targets.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114291198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interference covariance matrix estimations and computational complexity are two main concerns in space-time adaptive processing (STAP). This paper deals with the two problems by exploring a structured covariance matrix. First, a conjugate gradient iterative algorithm (CGIA) with reduced computational complexity is presented, which is based on FFT by using a block Toeplitz with Toeplitz block (BTTB) structure of the interference covariance matrix. To ensure the convergence of CGIA, an iterative BTTB (IBTTB) covariance matrix approximation is also proposed. Based on the approximated BTTB matrix, the corresponding STAP algorithm provides superior and robust performance both in limited sample support and in the presence of system errors.
{"title":"Block Toeplitz with Toeplitz block covariance matrix for space-time adaptive processing","authors":"Youming Li, Chee Hoo Cheong","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999745","url":null,"abstract":"Interference covariance matrix estimations and computational complexity are two main concerns in space-time adaptive processing (STAP). This paper deals with the two problems by exploring a structured covariance matrix. First, a conjugate gradient iterative algorithm (CGIA) with reduced computational complexity is presented, which is based on FFT by using a block Toeplitz with Toeplitz block (BTTB) structure of the interference covariance matrix. To ensure the convergence of CGIA, an iterative BTTB (IBTTB) covariance matrix approximation is also proposed. Based on the approximated BTTB matrix, the corresponding STAP algorithm provides superior and robust performance both in limited sample support and in the presence of system errors.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123490073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, we propose techniques for the construction of frequency coding sequences that give rise to frequency coded waveforms having ambiguity functions with a clear area-containing no sidelobes-in a connected region surrounding the main lobe. In this sense, the proposed sequences have excellent delay-Doppler resolution properties and achieve locally optimal ambiguity functions in the region surrounding the main lobe. These sequences are called pushing sequences. First, two important properties of pushing sequences are investigated: the group D/sub 4/ dihedral symmetry property and the frequency omission property. We also note that Costas sequences have these two properties and the implications of this are investigated. Next, we show how to construct pushing sequences having ambiguity functions with arbitrary-size clear areas. Finally, we analyze the sidelobe distribution and provide the general form of all sidelobe peak positions, and both the lower and upper bound of each sidelobe peak level.
{"title":"Frequency coded waveforms for enhanced delay-Doppler resolution","authors":"Chieh-Fu Chang, M. Bell","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999714","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we propose techniques for the construction of frequency coding sequences that give rise to frequency coded waveforms having ambiguity functions with a clear area-containing no sidelobes-in a connected region surrounding the main lobe. In this sense, the proposed sequences have excellent delay-Doppler resolution properties and achieve locally optimal ambiguity functions in the region surrounding the main lobe. These sequences are called pushing sequences. First, two important properties of pushing sequences are investigated: the group D/sub 4/ dihedral symmetry property and the frequency omission property. We also note that Costas sequences have these two properties and the implications of this are investigated. Next, we show how to construct pushing sequences having ambiguity functions with arbitrary-size clear areas. Finally, we analyze the sidelobe distribution and provide the general form of all sidelobe peak positions, and both the lower and upper bound of each sidelobe peak level.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125266978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A minimum entropy based calibration algorithm for digitally beamformed imaging radars is presented. The algorithm is derived from work in SAR which corrects phase errors due to platform motion. The performance of the algorithm is compared to traditional techniques through both simulations and data from two imaging radars. The algorithm performs well with similar sidelobe levels for a point target. The results show that the minimum phase entropy algorithm produces a calibration vector without the need for a calibration target or for stringent scene statistics.
{"title":"Entropy based phase calibration of antenna arrays for digital beamforming remote sensing radars","authors":"P. Lopez Dekker, G. Farquharson, S. Frasier","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999759","url":null,"abstract":"A minimum entropy based calibration algorithm for digitally beamformed imaging radars is presented. The algorithm is derived from work in SAR which corrects phase errors due to platform motion. The performance of the algorithm is compared to traditional techniques through both simulations and data from two imaging radars. The algorithm performs well with similar sidelobe levels for a point target. The results show that the minimum phase entropy algorithm produces a calibration vector without the need for a calibration target or for stringent scene statistics.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122404892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of time and frequency references disciplined to GPS has been studied in the context of use in multistatic radar. Several reference units with civilian GPS receivers were tested. Differences in 1PPS fluctuations were observed that would result in ranging errors when stable GPS signals were received. If GPS signals were lost further control of reference output depends on the stability of the reference unit. Drift in frequency and corresponding time deviation were observed according to reference quality. The stable rubidium references were found to give reliable synchronization output for a long time without synchronization.
{"title":"Time and frequency synchronization in multistatic radar. Consequences to usage of GPS disciplined references with and without GPS signals","authors":"T. Johnsen","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2002.999711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2002.999711","url":null,"abstract":"The use of time and frequency references disciplined to GPS has been studied in the context of use in multistatic radar. Several reference units with civilian GPS receivers were tested. Differences in 1PPS fluctuations were observed that would result in ranging errors when stable GPS signals were received. If GPS signals were lost further control of reference output depends on the stability of the reference unit. Drift in frequency and corresponding time deviation were observed according to reference quality. The stable rubidium references were found to give reliable synchronization output for a long time without synchronization.","PeriodicalId":448055,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Radar Conference (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37322)","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127421217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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