As an expansion area, North Labuhanbatu District has a purpose to improve the social welfare. Meanwhile one of the significant sector in the community is agriculture. Agriculture provides the highest income for the society and has a potency to further develop and establish the area. However, the development should relevant with environment characteristic essentially. Based on preliminary survey, there are 5 agricultural commodities growing in this area namely palm oil, rubber, rice field, cocoa, and coconut which spread over the 8 sub-districts. The increasing of population triggers land use changes particularly in agriculture. Therefore analysis of land suitability for agriculture is fundamental hence policy direction can be applied in each sub-district based on agriculture commodities which suitable with their characteristic accordingly. The evaluation of land suitability is conducted by comparing the physical characteristics with the existing of land suitability criteria which prossessed by ArcGIS software. Land suitability in North Labuhanbatu is identified with 4 clases: S1 (very suitable), S2 (moderately suitable), S3 (marginally suitable), and N (not suitable). Furthermore, there are 4 limiting factors in this study: water availability, root media, nutrient retention, and erosion hazards. The result shows that rubber, rice field, and coconut have very suitable (S1) land to be planted.Therefore the recomendation is to develop agroforestry landscape practices for sustainable livelihoods in Labura District.
{"title":"KESESUAIAN LAHAN UNTUK KOMODITAS UNGGULAN PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU UTARA","authors":"Regan Leonardus Kaswanto, Ruth Mevianna Aurora, Doni Yusri, Sofyan Sjaf, S. Barus","doi":"10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.189-205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.189-205","url":null,"abstract":"As an expansion area, North Labuhanbatu District has a purpose to improve the social welfare. Meanwhile one of the significant sector in the community is agriculture. Agriculture provides the highest income for the society and has a potency to further develop and establish the area. However, the development should relevant with environment characteristic essentially. Based on preliminary survey, there are 5 agricultural commodities growing in this area namely palm oil, rubber, rice field, cocoa, and coconut which spread over the 8 sub-districts. The increasing of population triggers land use changes particularly in agriculture. Therefore analysis of land suitability for agriculture is fundamental hence policy direction can be applied in each sub-district based on agriculture commodities which suitable with their characteristic accordingly. The evaluation of land suitability is conducted by comparing the physical characteristics with the existing of land suitability criteria which prossessed by ArcGIS software. Land suitability in North Labuhanbatu is identified with 4 clases: S1 (very suitable), S2 (moderately suitable), S3 (marginally suitable), and N (not suitable). Furthermore, there are 4 limiting factors in this study: water availability, root media, nutrient retention, and erosion hazards. The result shows that rubber, rice field, and coconut have very suitable (S1) land to be planted.Therefore the recomendation is to develop agroforestry landscape practices for sustainable livelihoods in Labura District.","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133145115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.207-218
Aswan Adi, Dwi Rachmina, Y. B. Krisnamurthi
Rice is the main and strategic commodity in East Kalimantan Province as primary food source. Rice production in this province was relatively low, around 66.57% of its consumption need, or at 33.43% deficit in 2019. This deficit will continue to increase if East Kalimantan becomes the country's capital city in 2025 due to arrival of new residents. Therefore, a proper policy to improve the balance of rice production and consumption need should be designed. This study aimed to develop rice availability balance model and formulate policy recommendation to fullfil the rice needs in the country's capital city candidate. The method used was dynamic system approach as rice balance availability determined by supply and demand sub-system. The study results showed that the model developed could describe the rice availability balance in East Kalimantan and had good validity level. Based on the simulation results on the existing condition in 2025, the rice availability in East Kalimantan as the country's capital city was only 44.80% of the consumption need. A recommended policy scenario to improve the rice balance in this provionce is the combination of policies on production and consumption sides, namely minimal rice planting index at 1.9 (irrigation) and 1.2 (without irrigation), minimum rice yield at 4.67 tons per ha (irrigation) and 3.50 ton per ha (without irrigation), open up new rice field at 1,000 ha, no rice field conversion, conversion rate from unhusk paddy to rice yield at 64%, and maximum per capita rice consumption at 80 kg/year.
{"title":"NERACA KETERSEDIAAN BERAS DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR SEBAGAI CALON IBUKOTA BARU INDONESIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN SISTEM DINAMIK","authors":"Aswan Adi, Dwi Rachmina, Y. B. Krisnamurthi","doi":"10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.207-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.207-218","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is the main and strategic commodity in East Kalimantan Province as primary food source. Rice production in this province was relatively low, around 66.57% of its consumption need, or at 33.43% deficit in 2019. This deficit will continue to increase if East Kalimantan becomes the country's capital city in 2025 due to arrival of new residents. Therefore, a proper policy to improve the balance of rice production and consumption need should be designed. This study aimed to develop rice availability balance model and formulate policy recommendation to fullfil the rice needs in the country's capital city candidate. The method used was dynamic system approach as rice balance availability determined by supply and demand sub-system. The study results showed that the model developed could describe the rice availability balance in East Kalimantan and had good validity level. Based on the simulation results on the existing condition in 2025, the rice availability in East Kalimantan as the country's capital city was only 44.80% of the consumption need. A recommended policy scenario to improve the rice balance in this provionce is the combination of policies on production and consumption sides, namely minimal rice planting index at 1.9 (irrigation) and 1.2 (without irrigation), minimum rice yield at 4.67 tons per ha (irrigation) and 3.50 ton per ha (without irrigation), open up new rice field at 1,000 ha, no rice field conversion, conversion rate from unhusk paddy to rice yield at 64%, and maximum per capita rice consumption at 80 kg/year.","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117304442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.177-187
Eni Kustanti, Agus Rusmana, Purwanti Hadisiwi
Efforts to improve the competency of agricultural extension workers have been carried out through education and training by the Agency for Agricultural Extension and Human Resources Development. Improving the competence of agriculture extension workers through the utilization of communication media has not been used intensively by the government. The purpose of this study is to know the level of influence of communication media utilization on the competence of agricultural extension workers. The study was used a quantitative approach through an online survey of 203 agricultural extension workers at the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology from 33 provinces. The results showed that the utilization of communication media and characteristics of individual had a significant effect on the competence of agricultural extension workers. Environmental support factors have a significant effect on the utilization of communication media and have an indirect effect on the competence of agricultural extension workers. The most and significant influence on the competence of agricultural extension comes from the utilization of communication media which is 4.38. Meanwhile, the significant factor affecting the utilization of communication media is only in the form of environmental support of 0.34. Therefore, to improve the competence of agricultural extension workers, utilization of communication media in the dissemination of agricultural information should be increased. Furthermore, to increase the utilization of communication media in the dissemination of agricultural information, the environmental support of extension activities, such as literacy training on the use of variation communication media, should be improved.
{"title":"PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI BALAI PENGKAJIAN TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN (BPTP) DENGAN PEMANFAATAN MEDIA KOMUNIKASI","authors":"Eni Kustanti, Agus Rusmana, Purwanti Hadisiwi","doi":"10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.177-187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.177-187","url":null,"abstract":"Efforts to improve the competency of agricultural extension workers have been carried out through education and training by the Agency for Agricultural Extension and Human Resources Development. Improving the competence of agriculture extension workers through the utilization of communication media has not been used intensively by the government. The purpose of this study is to know the level of influence of communication media utilization on the competence of agricultural extension workers. The study was used a quantitative approach through an online survey of 203 agricultural extension workers at the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology from 33 provinces. The results showed that the utilization of communication media and characteristics of individual had a significant effect on the competence of agricultural extension workers. Environmental support factors have a significant effect on the utilization of communication media and have an indirect effect on the competence of agricultural extension workers. The most and significant influence on the competence of agricultural extension comes from the utilization of communication media which is 4.38. Meanwhile, the significant factor affecting the utilization of communication media is only in the form of environmental support of 0.34. Therefore, to improve the competence of agricultural extension workers, utilization of communication media in the dissemination of agricultural information should be increased. Furthermore, to increase the utilization of communication media in the dissemination of agricultural information, the environmental support of extension activities, such as literacy training on the use of variation communication media, should be improved.","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116107503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.165-175
A. Rofi
The Creating Shared Value (CSV) program as an alternative to the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program provides options that allow companies to increase competitiveness while stimulating inclusive growth in reducing the poverty of farming families. This study examines the CSV program by looking at farmers' interests and the impact of the CSV program on banana commodities in Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province. This study uses primary data obtained from surveys of 60 partner and non-partner farmers and in-depth interviews with 18 people involved in the existing business model. This research was conducted in March-April 2020. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the CSV program had been implemented in the location. In this CSV program, farmers get assistance from the company and certainty of selling banana products at an agreed price. However, not all farmers are interested in the program for various reasons, including due to limited land, limited time available, and farmers who do not want to be bound by work agreements. The impact of the CSV program on the banana commodity on household farmers' income has not been significant because bananas are not the primary source of livelihood for household farmers. The policy implication is that the CSV program can be an alternative to CSR programs. However, the success of this program also needs to consider the profile and the sources of livelihoods of farmers to ensure that farmers' interest and involvement can be more optimal.
{"title":"PROGRAM MENCIPTAKAN MANFAAT BERSAMA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PETANI PISANG DI KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS, PROVINSI LAMPUNG","authors":"A. Rofi","doi":"10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.165-175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.165-175","url":null,"abstract":"The Creating Shared Value (CSV) program as an alternative to the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program provides options that allow companies to increase competitiveness while stimulating inclusive growth in reducing the poverty of farming families. This study examines the CSV program by looking at farmers' interests and the impact of the CSV program on banana commodities in Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province. This study uses primary data obtained from surveys of 60 partner and non-partner farmers and in-depth interviews with 18 people involved in the existing business model. This research was conducted in March-April 2020. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the CSV program had been implemented in the location. In this CSV program, farmers get assistance from the company and certainty of selling banana products at an agreed price. However, not all farmers are interested in the program for various reasons, including due to limited land, limited time available, and farmers who do not want to be bound by work agreements. The impact of the CSV program on the banana commodity on household farmers' income has not been significant because bananas are not the primary source of livelihood for household farmers. The policy implication is that the CSV program can be an alternative to CSR programs. However, the success of this program also needs to consider the profile and the sources of livelihoods of farmers to ensure that farmers' interest and involvement can be more optimal.","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116739098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.135-148
B. P. Sipayung, Theodorus Fobia, Werenfridus Taena, Umbu Joka
Village funds allocation has been provided to village government by central government starting in 2015. The provision of village funds aims at ingreasing equitable development in urban areas. This study aims to design a model of implementation of village funds management and farmer empowerment, with a case of Manusasi Village, Timor Tengah Utara Distict, bordering with Timor Leste. This research was conducted in August-September 2020. The methods used in this research were quantitative descriptive analysis and SEM based on variance, namely Partial Least Square (PLS). The sampling method used in this study was accidental sampling, with the chosen sample of 75 households from the total popultation 258 huosehold farmers. Results of this study indicated that planning had a significant effect on the evaluation process of village funds. The multiplier effect value of village funds in Manusasi Village was 1.39. There was no direct effect between physical capital, social capital, and human capital on the empowermeny of farming community in Manusasi Village. An important component of the implementation model of village fund management and farmer empowerment is the socialisation of the use of village funds which aims to increase public knowledge about village funds and build partnerships with universities or other institutions as sources of experts. The role of experts is to help improve village fund management and improve the quality of programs and planning.
{"title":"MODEL PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA DAN PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI DI DESA PERBATASAN INDONESIA DENGAN TIMOR LESTE","authors":"B. P. Sipayung, Theodorus Fobia, Werenfridus Taena, Umbu Joka","doi":"10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.135-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.135-148","url":null,"abstract":"Village funds allocation has been provided to village government by central government starting in 2015. The provision of village funds aims at ingreasing equitable development in urban areas. This study aims to design a model of implementation of village funds management and farmer empowerment, with a case of Manusasi Village, Timor Tengah Utara Distict, bordering with Timor Leste. This research was conducted in August-September 2020. The methods used in this research were quantitative descriptive analysis and SEM based on variance, namely Partial Least Square (PLS). The sampling method used in this study was accidental sampling, with the chosen sample of 75 households from the total popultation 258 huosehold farmers. Results of this study indicated that planning had a significant effect on the evaluation process of village funds. The multiplier effect value of village funds in Manusasi Village was 1.39. There was no direct effect between physical capital, social capital, and human capital on the empowermeny of farming community in Manusasi Village. An important component of the implementation model of village fund management and farmer empowerment is the socialisation of the use of village funds which aims to increase public knowledge about village funds and build partnerships with universities or other institutions as sources of experts. The role of experts is to help improve village fund management and improve the quality of programs and planning. ","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"517 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133366362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-08DOI: 10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.109-134
Endro Gunawan, B. Irawan
In order to reduce poverty in the agricultural sector, the Ministry of Agriculture implements the BEKERJA program, which is an effort to empower poor farmers in farming multi-commodities, including laying hens, vegetables, fruit and plantation crops. The objective of this study is to understand the role of the program on increasing farmers' income and reducing poverty. This research was conducted in 11 provinces covering 38 districts which were the location of the BEKERJA program in 2018 and 2019. The data used were primary data collected through in-depth interviews of farmers participating in the program. The results of quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis concluded that the program was quite successful in enhancing agricultural business activities among poor farmers, but it had not been able to increase farmers' income significantly. The number of poor farmers participating in the program only decreased by 1.48%. There are many challenges faced in empowering poor farmers, and therefore a strong commitment is needed to reduce poverty in the agricultural sector. To increase the effectiveness of these poverty reduction efforts, the empowerment of poor farmers in the future should be carried out as the following: (1) commodities developed are focused on the laying hens and vegetables farming, (2) farmers empowerment and provision of agricultural facilities should be continued at least until the farming activities is financially profitable, (3) technical guidance for cultivation should be strengthen, (4) beneficiaries of the program should be prioritized to young farmers, and (5) development a special program that is focussed for the poor farmers.
{"title":"PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN DI SEKTOR PERTANIAN: KASUS PADA PROGRAM BEKERJA","authors":"Endro Gunawan, B. Irawan","doi":"10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.109-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.109-134","url":null,"abstract":"In order to reduce poverty in the agricultural sector, the Ministry of Agriculture implements the BEKERJA program, which is an effort to empower poor farmers in farming multi-commodities, including laying hens, vegetables, fruit and plantation crops. The objective of this study is to understand the role of the program on increasing farmers' income and reducing poverty. This research was conducted in 11 provinces covering 38 districts which were the location of the BEKERJA program in 2018 and 2019. The data used were primary data collected through in-depth interviews of farmers participating in the program. The results of quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis concluded that the program was quite successful in enhancing agricultural business activities among poor farmers, but it had not been able to increase farmers' income significantly. The number of poor farmers participating in the program only decreased by 1.48%. There are many challenges faced in empowering poor farmers, and therefore a strong commitment is needed to reduce poverty in the agricultural sector. To increase the effectiveness of these poverty reduction efforts, the empowerment of poor farmers in the future should be carried out as the following: (1) commodities developed are focused on the laying hens and vegetables farming, (2) farmers empowerment and provision of agricultural facilities should be continued at least until the farming activities is financially profitable, (3) technical guidance for cultivation should be strengthen, (4) beneficiaries of the program should be prioritized to young farmers, and (5) development a special program that is focussed for the poor farmers.","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122011764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-28DOI: 10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.149-164
Febtri Wijayanti, Nfn Carolina
The low bargaining power of small farmers put them into a disadvantage position. This is experienced by coffee farmers in Southwest Sumba District, as an underdeveloped area, which by their social economic limitation relies solely on middleman, while their coffee actually has higher value. This study examines these problems to find the best solution by utilizing local resources through an inclusive approach. Qualitative research was conducted through a case study in a disadvantaged village in Southwest Sumba District, which has intervened with appropriate technology to comprehensively handle coffee processing. The results of the study explain that the problem of coffee farmers stems from the obstacles and challenges that are typically faced by people in disadvantaged areas. Those roblems are: barriers access to inputs, market, financial, and socio-cultural factors; challenges in coordination; and inability to meet standardization consistently and to bear risks. These six problems become the basis for the design of the inclusive business concept that is proposed to be applied by utilizing existing physical and social infrastructure modalities in the village. The inclusive coffee business unit development strategy has the potential to assist coffee farmers in gaining access to inputs and optimizing output, but should be supported by cross-sectoral cooperation between the government institution, research and development institution, business, and the community. Efforts to develop this business model need to be carried out sustainably along with empowering farmers and increasing awareness of the stakehoder to work together in an integrated manner.
{"title":"STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA KOPI DI DAERAH TERTINGGAL MELALUI PENDEKATAN BISNIS INKLUSIF DI KABUPATEN SUMBA BARAT DAYA","authors":"Febtri Wijayanti, Nfn Carolina","doi":"10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.149-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v19n2.2021.149-164","url":null,"abstract":"The low bargaining power of small farmers put them into a disadvantage position. This is experienced by coffee farmers in Southwest Sumba District, as an underdeveloped area, which by their social economic limitation relies solely on middleman, while their coffee actually has higher value. This study examines these problems to find the best solution by utilizing local resources through an inclusive approach. Qualitative research was conducted through a case study in a disadvantaged village in Southwest Sumba District, which has intervened with appropriate technology to comprehensively handle coffee processing. The results of the study explain that the problem of coffee farmers stems from the obstacles and challenges that are typically faced by people in disadvantaged areas. Those roblems are: barriers access to inputs, market, financial, and socio-cultural factors; challenges in coordination; and inability to meet standardization consistently and to bear risks. These six problems become the basis for the design of the inclusive business concept that is proposed to be applied by utilizing existing physical and social infrastructure modalities in the village. The inclusive coffee business unit development strategy has the potential to assist coffee farmers in gaining access to inputs and optimizing output, but should be supported by cross-sectoral cooperation between the government institution, research and development institution, business, and the community. Efforts to develop this business model need to be carried out sustainably along with empowering farmers and increasing awareness of the stakehoder to work together in an integrated manner.","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124373206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.21082/AKP.V19N1.2021.89-108
Ening Ariningsih, H. J. Purba, J. F. Sinuraya, Kartika Sari Septanti, Sri Suharyono
The declining Indonesian cocoa production since 2010 has led to the country being displaced from the third to the sixth position of the world's largest cocoa producer. The Indonesian cocoa industry also faces the problem of low-quality cocoa. This paper aims to analyze various development problems and constraints, and formulate strategies to increase Indonesian cocoa production and quality. The study was conducted in 2019 through a desk study and enriched with survey results in two selected provinces, namely Bali and South Sulawesi, conducted from June to September. A descriptive qualitative analysis was employed. Results of this study indicated that the decline in production was due to three main factors: (1) the decrease in the area of mature plantations and the increase in the area of non-productive plants; (2) the decline in cocoa productivity due to lack of crop maintenance and pest and disease attacks; and (3) the occurrence of land conversion of cocoa plantation to other purposes. The low quality of cocoa beans was mainly due to the improper cocoa bean post-harvest processes, especially fermentation. The strategy to increase production and quality of cacao beans is through improvement of seeds, cultivation system, harvest practices, and post harvest handling. Therefore, it is necessary to harmonize policies and its implementation from upstream to downstream by involving all relevant parties and at the same time promoting partnerships between farmers and cocoa processing industries.AbstrakSejak tahun 2010 produksi kakao Indonesia terus mengalami penurunan sehingga menyebabkan tergesernya Indonesia dari posisi ketiga menjadi keenam produsen kakao terbesar dunia. Selain itu, industri kakao Indonesia juga dihadapkan pada masalah mutu kakao yang rendah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berbagai masalah dan kendala pengembangan serta merumuskan strategi peningkatan produksi dan mutu kakao Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan melalui desk study berbagai data sekunder dan hasil-hasil penelitian terkait, serta diperkaya dengan survei di lokasi penelitian terpilih, yaitu Provinsi Bali dan Sulawesi Selatan. Kajian dilakukan tahun 2019 dengan kegiatan survei pada bulan Juni hingga September. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat berbagai masalah dan kendala dalam pengembangan kakao di Indonesia, yang menyebabkan penurunan produksi dan rendahnya mutu kakao. Penurunan produksi tersebut disebabkan tiga hal pokok: (1) menurunnya luas areal tanaman menghasilkan, sedangkan luas areal tanaman tidak menghasilkan semakin meningkat karena tidak adanya peremajaan; (2) menurunnya produktivitas kakao karena kurangnya pemeliharaan tanaman dan serangan hama dan penyakit; dan (3) terjadinya konversi lahan perkebunan kakao menjadi usaha pertanian dan nonpertanian. Rendahnya mutu biji kakao terutama disebabkan proses pascapanen yang kurang baik, khususnya fermentasi. Strategi untuk meningkatkan produksi dan m
自2010年以来，印尼可可产量不断下降，导致该国从全球第三大可可生产国的地位降至第六位。印尼可可产业也面临着低质量可可的问题。本文旨在分析各种发展问题和制约因素，制定提高印尼可可产量和质量的策略。该研究于2019年通过案头研究进行，并在6月至9月期间在巴厘岛和南苏拉威西两个选定省份进行了调查，结果丰富了研究内容。采用描述性定性分析。结果表明，产量下降的主要原因是:(1)成熟人工林面积减少，非生产植物面积增加;(2)由于缺乏作物养护和病虫害，可可产量下降;(3)可可种植园土地改作他用的发生。可可豆品质低下的主要原因是采收后工艺，特别是发酵工艺不当。提高可可豆产量和质量的策略是通过改进种子、栽培系统、收获方法和收获后处理。因此，有必要通过让所有相关方参与进来，同时促进农民和可可加工业之间的伙伴关系，从上游到下游协调政策及其实施。[摘要]sejak tahun 2010 producksi kakao Indonesia terus mengalami penurunan sehinga menyebabkan tergesernya Indonesia dari posisi ketiga menjadi keenam producen kakao terbesar dunia。Selain itu，工业kakao印度尼西亚juga dihadapkan padmasalah mutu kakao yang rendah。印度尼西亚:tuisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalis berbagai masalah dan kendala pengembangan serta merumuskan strategi peningkatan producksi dan mutu kakao IndonesiaPenelitian dilakukan melalui desk study berbagai data sekunder dan hasil-hasil Penelitian terkait, serta diperkaya dengan survei di lokasi Penelitian terpilih, Bali and Sulawesi Selatan。2019年9月，加间的调查报告。对数据进行分析，并对数据进行定性分析。Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat berbagai masalah dan kendala dalam pengembangan kakao di印度尼西亚，yang menyebabkan penurunan producksi dan rendahnya mutu kakao。(1) menurunya luas areal tanaman menghasilkan, sedangkan luas areal tanaman tidak menghasilkan semakin meningkat karena tidak adanya peremajaan;(2) menurunnya producktivitas kakao karena kurangnya pemeliharaan tanaman Dan serangan hama Dan penyakit;丹(3)terjadinya konversi lahan perkebunan kakao menjadi usaha pertanian丹非pertanian。Rendahnya mutu biji kakao terutama disebabkan propropascapanen yang kurang baik, khususnya fermentasi。Strategi untuk meningkatkan产品duksi dan mutu biji kakao adalah melalui perbaikan perbenihan, system budi daya, panen, dan pascapanen。untutu diperlukan harmonisasi kebijakan an implementasinya mulai dari hulu, hihiir dengan melitbatkan semua pihak terkait, serta dalam waktu yang sama mendorong kemitraan antara petani kakao dan industri pengolahan kakao。
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Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.21082/AKP.V19N1.2021.45-67
Bambang Sayaka, Y. H. Saputra, D. S. Swastika
Indonesia is the largest garlic importer in the world. The government has implemented a program to reduce importation of this product called the garlic mandatory-planting for importers. Implementation of this policy in the fields faced several chalanges. This study aimed to assess the realization of the mandatory-panting policy on national garlic production enhancement. Specifically, the study was intended to evaluate garlic international trade, to assess mandatory-planting policy, and to examine opportunities and challenges of garlic mandatory-planting. Result of this study concluded that the mandatory-planting had no significant impact as the importers’ planted areas were far below the targets. The mandatory-planting policy was encountered by lack of quality seed, limited land, lack of farmers’ interest for growing garlic, long harvest period, low yield, and not competitive selling price. It is suggested that the Ministry of Agriculture replace mandatory-planting with mandatory-purchase, expanding the planted-area to suitable areas, increasing import tariff, and production increase but evading the self-sufficiency policy. AbstrakIndonesia merupakan negara importir bawang putih terbesar di dunia. Pemerintah melaksanakan program untuk menurunkan impor dengan menerapkan kebijakan wajib tanam bagi importir bawang putih. Pelaksanaan kebijakan ini di lapangan ternyata mengalami banyak tantangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis realisasi kebijakan wajib tanam bagi importir terhadap peningkatan produksi bawang putih nasional. Secara khusus penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengevaluasi perdagangan internasional bawang putih, meneliti kebijakan wajib tanam bagi importir, dan mengkaji peluang dan tantangan wajib tanam. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan wajib tanam bagi importir bawang putih tidak optimal dampaknya antara lain karena realisasi tanam jauh di bawah sasaran. Berbagai hambatan dalam program wajib tanam antara lain kekurangan benih bermutu, lahan terbatas, petani kurang berminat, waktu panen cukup lama, produktivitas rendah, dan harga jual tidak bersaing. Disarankan agar kebijakan wajib tanam diganti dengan wajib beli bagi importir, penanaman di wilayah yang sesuai, peningkatan tarif impor, dan peningkatan produksi tanpa harus meneruskan program swasembada bawang putih.
印度尼西亚是世界上最大的大蒜进口国。政府已经实施了一项计划，以减少这种产品的进口，称为进口商强制种植大蒜。这一政策在外地的执行面临若干挑战。本研究旨在评估国家大蒜生产强制喘息政策的实现情况。具体而言，本研究旨在评估大蒜国际贸易，评估大蒜强制种植政策，并研究大蒜强制种植的机遇和挑战。研究结果表明，由于进口企业的种植面积远低于目标，强制种植对其影响不大。强制种植政策遇到了优质种子缺乏、土地有限、农民对种植大蒜缺乏兴趣、收获期长、产量低、销售价格没有竞争力等问题。建议农业部以强制收购取代强制种植，将种植面积扩大到合适的区域，提高进口关税，增加产量但避开自给政策。【摘要】印度尼西亚的merupakan negara是一种重要的、具有重要意义的药物。我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是，我的意思是我的意思。这是我的生日，我的生日，我的生日。Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalis realisas kebijakan wajib tanam bagi重要的peningkatan产品，是国家的一个重要产品。Secara khusus penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengevaluasi perdagangan international bawangputih, meneliti kebijakan wajib tanam bagi重要，dan mengkaji peluang dantantangan wajib tanam。这是一个非常重要的因素，它是一个非常重要的因素，它是一个非常好的因素，它是一个非常重要的因素。Berbagai hambatan dalam项目wajib tanam antara, lahan terbatas, petani kurang berminat, waktu panen cuup lama, producktivitas rendah, dan harga jual tidak bersaing。Disarankan agar kebijakan wajib tanam diganti dengan wajib beli bagi import, penanaman di wilayah yang sesuai, peningkatan taripimport, peningkatan producksi tanpa harus meneruskan程序swasembada bawangputih。
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Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.21082/AKP.V19N1.2021.1-18
I. S. Anugrah, Tri Bastuti Purwantini, nFN Erwidodo
The fulfillment of national milk consumption is still facing the problem of low production, productivity and quality of milk from smallholder dairy farmers. Efforts to improve the performance of dairy farming are continuously being made, one of which is partnership cooperation between the milk processing industry, dairy farmers and dairy cooperative. This paper aims to analyze the success of an innovative partnership between the Frisian Flag Indonesia (FFI) milk processing industry and farmers who are members of the South Bandung Dairy Cooperative (KPBS) Pangalengan through the management of the Milk Collection Point (MCP) program. The study results indicate that the cause of the low quality of fresh milk is influenced by the number of initial bacteria in fresh milk, the milk supply chain from farmers to the milk processing industry is too long, and the cooling system is inadequate. The low quality is the cause of the low selling price of fresh milk. The MCP program has not only succeeded in improving the quality of fresh milk but has also provided price incentives for farmers. Dairy farmers who are members of the KPBS receive incentives to improve the dairy cattle management process in the MCP program's direction. It is recommended that cooperation between dairy farmers, the milk processing industry, and dairy farmer cooperatives should continue to be developed to encourage an increase in milk volume and quality as raw material for the milk processing industry. This effort is expected to have an impact on increasing the income and welfare of the dairy farmers in Indonesia.AbstrakPemenuhan kebutuhan susu nasional masih menghadapi permasalahan rendahnya capaian produksi, produktivitas dan kualitas susu dari peternak sapi perah rakyat. Berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja peternakan sapi perah rakyat terus dilakukan, salah satunya berupa kerja sama kemitraan antara industri pengolahan susu dengan peternak dan koperasi peternak sapi perah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberhasilan sebuah inovasi kemitraan antara industri pengolahan susu Frisian Flag Indonesia (FFI) dengan para petermak yang tergabung dalam Koperasi Persusuan Bandung Selatan (KPBS) Pangalengan melalui pengelolaan program Milk Collection Point (MCP). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab rendahnya kualitas susu segar dipengaruhi oleh jumlah bakteri awal pada susu segar, rantai pasok penyetoran susu dari peternak kepada industri pengolahan susu terlalu panjang, dan sistem pendingin yang kurang memadai. Rendahnya kualitas menjadi penyebab rendahnya harga jual susu segar. Program MCP tidak saja berhasil meningkatkan kualitas susu segar juga telah memberikan insentif harga bagi peternak. Para peternak yang tergabung dalam KPBS memperoleh insentif untuk meningkatkan proses pengelolaan usaha ternak sapi perah ke arah yang dipersyaratkan oleh program MCP. Kerja sama antara peternak sapi perah, industri pengolahan susu, dan koperasi peternak dapat terus dikembangkan sehingg
实现全国牛奶消费仍然面临着小农奶产量低、生产率低、质量差的问题。不断努力提高奶牛养殖绩效，其中之一是牛奶加工业、奶农和奶牛合作社之间的伙伴合作。本文旨在分析印度尼西亚弗里斯兰旗(FFI)牛奶加工业与南万隆乳业合作社(KPBS) Pangalengan成员农民之间通过管理牛奶收集点(MCP)计划建立的创新伙伴关系的成功之处。研究结果表明，鲜奶质量低下的原因受鲜奶中初始细菌数量的影响，从奶农到牛奶加工业的牛奶供应链过长，冷却系统不完善。低质量是鲜奶低售价的原因。MCP计划不仅成功地提高了鲜奶的质量，而且还为农民提供了价格激励。作为KPBS成员的奶农可以获得奖励，以改善MCP计划方向的奶牛管理过程。建议继续发展奶农、牛奶加工业和奶农合作社之间的合作，以鼓励增加牛奶的数量和质量，作为牛奶加工业的原料。这一努力预计将对增加印度尼西亚奶农的收入和福利产生影响。[摘要]pemenuhan kebutuhan susu national masih menghadapi permasalahan rendahnya资本产品，producktivitas dan kualitas susu dari peternak sapi perah rakyat。我是说，我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是说我是。tuisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalis keberhasilan sebuah inovasi kemitraan antara industri pengelahan susu Frisian Flag Indonesia (FFI) dengan para petermak yang tergabung dalam Koperasi persusan Bandung Selatan (KPBS) Pangalengan melalui pengelolaan计划牛奶收集点(MCP)。Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab rendahnya kualitas sussussegar dipengaruhi oleh jumlah bakteri awal padsususegar, rantai pasok penyetoran sussusdari peternak kepada industri pengolahan sussusteralu panjang, dansystem pendingin yang kurang memadai。Rendahnya kualitas menjadi penyebab Rendahnya harga jual susu segar。项目MCP tidak saja berhasil meningkatkan kualitas susu segar juga telah成员harga bagi peternak。Para peternak yang tergabung dalam KPBS memperoleh inentif untuk meningkatkan propros penelolaan usaha ternak sapi perah ke arah yang dipersyaratkan oleh program MCP。Kerja sama antara peternak sapi perah, industry pengolahan susu, dan koperasi peternak dapat terus, dikembangkan seingga dapat mendorong peningkatan volume dan kualitas susu sebagai bahan baku industry pengolahan susu。Upaya ini diharapkan berdampak padingkatan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan peternak sapi perah di Indonesia。
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