Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian最新文献

{"title":"Perdagangan Antarpulau Komoditas Cabai di Indonesia: Dinamika Produksi dan Stabilitas Harga","authors":"H. Supriadi, W. Sejati","doi":"10.21082/AKP.V16N2.2018.111-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/AKP.V16N2.2018.111-129","url":null,"abstract":"The Study of Inter-island Trade (PAP) of chilli commodities is carried out with the aim of analyzing trade performance, as well as formulating policy alternatives that support the development of chili commodities. The study was conducted in 2016 in Central Java, West Java and West Sumatra. The analytical method used is quantitative descriptive analysis related toPAP distribution patterns, policies on regulation, marketing networks and price transmission elasticity. The results showed that chilli production increased sharply in the province of West Java, while in Central Java, West Sumatra, Lampung and other provinces relatively slow increases due to disease problems and limited land. The stabilization of red chili production on the islands of Java and West Sumatra greatly determines price stability in other regions. Chili production in West Sumatra still does not meet demand, where the distribution of chili from DIY and Central Java to West Sumatra Province tends to increase more than the out-flow of chili from   the province. The government has attempted to stabilize the price of red chili, maintain a balance between the regions of surplus and deficit, and minimize the price disparity between regions, but so far it has not been successful due to the constraints of low production so that demand is not met and high transportation costs. The development of an agribusiness station (STA) such as in West Java has not been effective in accommodating and marketing the results of farmers because marketing has been controlled by large traders who are capable of PAP.In general, several factors that make low prices and price fluctuations at the farm level are caused by the varying quality of products produced by farmers, increased production costs, information that is not symmetrical and low bargaining power by marketers. Java island because prices in Java determine prices in other regions, especially in Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan. Vertical coordination and marketing contracts can be used as a risk management tool for income and prices because there are provisions on the selling price for farmers AbstrakStudi Perdagangan Antar Pulau (PAP) komoditas cabai dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja perdagangan, serta merumuskan alternatif kebijakan yang mendukung pengembangan komoditas cabai. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2016 di Jawa Tengah, Jawa Barat dan Sumatera Barat. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif terkait pola distribusi PAP, kebijakan terhadap regulasi, jaringan pemasaran, dan elastisitas transmisi harga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produksi cabai meningkat secara tajam di Provinsi Jawa Barat, sedangkan di Jawa Tengah, Sumatera Barat, Lampung, dan provinsi lainnya relatif lambat kenaikannya karena masalah penyakit dan keterbatasan lahan. Stabilisasi produksi cabai merah di pulau Jawa dan Sumatera Barat sangat menentukan stabilitas harga di wilayah lain. Produksi cabai di Sumatera Barat masih belum mem","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115762980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategi Pengembangan Agrowisata dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Pertanian - Studi Kasus di Desa Wisata Kaligono (Dewi Kano) Kecamatan Kaligesing Kabupaten Purworejo","authors":"Siwi Harning Pambudi, nFN Sunarto, Prabang Setyono","doi":"10.21082/AKP.V16N2.2018.165-184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/AKP.V16N2.2018.165-184","url":null,"abstract":"Desa Wisata Kaligono (Dewi Kano) is one of the tourist village located in the west of Menoreh hill. There are some agriculture potentials, such as: mangosteen, durian, and Etawa goat (PE). The main crops commodity, mangosteen and durian, is not fully developed yet. It requires planning in developing its potentials. The Shift of Economic Structure from agricultural sector to industry sector which is happened in these recent ten years has the effect on PDRB of the regency. Kaligesing district is set as an agropolitan development area according to RTRW of the regency; it is strategically settled as a chance to develop tourism of Dewi Kano. This research objectives were: to gain information about villagers perception concerning to the plan of developing an agro-tourism area in Dewi Kano, to find out the impact of agro-tourism, and to formulate the strategy in developing the agro-tourism. Observation, interview, questionnaire, and SWOT analysis were used in formulating the agro-tourism development strategy of Dewi Kano area. The results of the research show that villagers of Dewi Kano are supporting the plan of developing their area as an agro-tourism; this is seen from their perceptions which tend to agree, because they understand that agro-tourism development can give benefits in ecology, economy, social, and management. The strategy which can be applied in developing agro-tourism of Dewi Kano is a progressive strategy; it means, the research location is in a great condition, so it will be well-developed by maximizing the chances. AbstrakDesa Wisata Kaligono (Dewi Kano) adalah salah satu desa wisata di sebelah barat pegunungan Menoreh. Potensi-potensi pertanian yang dimiliki desa Kaligono antara lain buah manggis, durian dan kambing peranakan etawa (PE). Komoditas hasil pertanian manggis dan durian belum digarap secara maksimal sehingga perlu adanya perencanaan dalam pengembangan potensi tersebut. Pergeseran struktur ekonomi dari sektor pertanian ke sektor industri dan jasa selama 10 tahun terakhir mempengaruhi PDRB kabupaten. Kecamatan Kaligesing ditetapkan sebagai kawasan pengembangan agropolitan sesuai dengan RTRW Kabupaten dan isu strategis yang berkembang merupakan sebuah peluang untuk mengembangkan agrowisata di Dewi Kano. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat Dewi Kano terhadap rencana pengembangan sebuah kawasan agrowisata Dewi Kano, mengetahui dampak pengembangan agrowisata dan merumuskan strategi pengembangan agrowisatanya. Metode penelitian melalui observasi, wawancara dan kuisioner dan analisis SWOT digunakan untuk merumuskan strategi pengembangan agrowisata di Dewi Kano. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Dewi Kano mendukung dalam perencanaan pengembangan daerahnya sebagai kawasan agrowisata dilihat dari persepsi masyarakat yang cenderung setuju dalam upaya tersebut karena dapat memberikan dampak terhadap upaya pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan dari sudut pandang ekologi, sosial, ekonomi dan pengelol","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126653312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dampak Penggunaan Alat Mesin Panen terhadap Kelembagaan Usaha Tani Padi","authors":"Tri Bastuti Purwantini, S. Susilowati","doi":"10.21082/AKP.V16N1.2018.73-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/AKP.V16N1.2018.73-88","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanization is a solution for agricultural workforce scarcity, especially in rice farming. This paper aims to study performances and impacts of harvesting and threshing machines on labor institution of rice farming. This research employed survey data of National Farmer’s Panel study conducted by ICASEPS in 2010 and 2015 in wetland agro-ecosystems in Sidrap, Karawang, and Subang Regencies. Data were analyzed descriptively. Mechanization technologies were more efficient in terms of number and time of labor use compared to that of traditional. Negative impact of the machines was share croppers elimination because the land owner tended to cultivate their own farm land. Some labor lose their job opportunity, some got less income from local income share system. Farmers were unprepared to manage agricultural machinery. It is necessary to provide alternative employment for the affected workers. Agricultural mechanization needs to deal with existing traditional labor institutions to having mutual benefit. AbstrakMekanisasi merupakan solusi dari semakin langkanya keberadaan tenaga kerja pertanian, terutama dalam usaha tani padi. Konsekuensi dari adopsi teknologi berdampak pada kinerja ketenagakerjaan dan kelembagaan pertanian setempat. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi arah perubahan penggunaan alat mesin panen dan perontokan padi serta dampaknya terhadap kelembagaan usaha pertanian padi sawah.   Data yang digunakan adalah data base Panel Petani Nasional yang dilakukan oleh PSEKP tahun 2010, 2015 dan 2016. Kajian ini mengambil kasus pada lokasi penelitian agroekosistem lahan sawah di Desa Simpar (Subang).  Sindangsari (Karawang) dan Desa Carawali (Kabupaten Sidrap), Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian menyimpulkan bahwa adopsi teknologi mekanisasi dalam kegiatan panen lebih efisien baik dari sisi tenaga kerja, biaya maupun waktu. Selain itu juga mengurangi kehilangan hasil. Dampak negatifnya menggeser pola kelembagaan penggarapan lahan dari pola sakap menyakap ke arah menggarap lahannya sendiri. Sebagian buruh tani kehilangan kesempatan kerja, berkurangnya bagian (upah) buruh tani dalam sistem bawon yang berlaku setempat. Beberapa masalah lain yang timbul adalah kurangnya kesiapan petani dalam pengelolaan alsintan. Untuk mengatasi dampak negatif berkurangnya kesempatan kerja bagi pembawon serta penyakap, maka diperlukan fasilitasi untuk tumbuhnya alternatif kesempatan kerja bagi buruh yang terdampak oleh penggunaan alsintan tersebut. Selain itu, perubahan usahatani ke arah mekanisasi pertanian tersebut juga harus mempertimbangkan tatanan kelembagaan dan ketenagakerjaan setempat agar dapat tetap berjalan dengan saling menguntungkan.","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123511648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengembangan Investasi Irigasi Kecil untuk Peningkatan Produksi Padi Mendukung Swasembada Beras","authors":"H. Supriadi, Rudy Sunarja Rivai","doi":"10.21082/AKP.V16N1.2018.43-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/AKP.V16N1.2018.43-57","url":null,"abstract":"Community’s small irrigation investment gives impact on expansion of rice planted area and production. The study aims to assess impacts of small irrigation investment on rice planted area, production, and farmers’ income enhancement, and it was carried out during period of March to December 2013 in rainfed lowland areas in West Java, Central Java, and West Nusa Tenggara Provinces. Development of small irrigation based on community investment (SIBCI) is analyzed using Net Present Value, Incremental Benefit / Cost Ratio and Financial Internal Rate of Return approaches. Small irrigation was useful for improving rice planted area, production, and farmers’ income. Application of self-help water pumps was able to increase the area of wetland rice and cropping index. Small irrigation investments in both pump and gravity were financially feasible. The role of communities in small irrigation investment was significant despite financial limitation. Non-governmental funds allocated for pump irrigation network development were relatively small compared to that of gravity. Farmers’ participation in gravitational irrigation construction was relatively low and not all farmers became the P3A members. Small irrigation development requires synergy of social, physical, human, and natural capitals. Community’s participation in individual irrigation investment was relatively low contrary to that of managed by groups. The government need to collaborate with communities to manage water resources into community-based productive irrigation. AbstrakInvestasi irigasi kecil oleh masyarakat memberikan dampak terhadap peningkatan luas tanam dan produksi padi. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji dampak irigasi kecil terhadap peningkatan luas tanam dan produksi padi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret - Desember 2013 pada agro-ekosistem lahan tadah hujan di Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah dan Nusa Tenggara Barat. Pengembangan irigasi kecil berbasis investasi masyarakat (IKBIM) dianalisis menggunakan Net Present Value, Incremental Benefit/Cost Ratio dan Financial Internal Rate of Return. Irigasi kecil sangat besar manfaatnya dalam meningkatkan perluasan tanam, produksi dan pendapatan petani. Penggunaan pompa secara swadaya mampu meningkatkan luas areal padi sawah dan indeks pertanaman. Investasi irigasi kecil baik pompa maupun gravitasi dinilai layak dilakukan. Peran masyarakat dalam investasi irigasi kecil sangat dominan, yang ditunjukkan dengan modal sosialnya yang tinggi, tetapi sering terbentur pada kemampuan finansial yang terbatas. Dana swadaya masyarakat yang dialokasikan untuk pengembangan jaringan irigasi pompa relatif kecil dibanding jaringan irigasi grafitasi. Partisipasi petani dalam pembangunan fisik untuk Irigasi Gravitasi masih rendah dan tidak semua petani menjadi anggota P3A. Pengembangan irigasi kecil memerlukan sinergi modal sosial, fisik, manusia dan alam. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat kecil sekali untuk investasi irigasi yang dikelola secara perorangan (swasta). Sebal","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130156402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manajemen Rantai Pasok Komoditas Cabai pada Agroekosistem Lahan Kering di Jawa Timur","authors":"nFN Saptana, Chaerul Muslim, S. Susilowati","doi":"10.21082/AKP.V16N1.2018.19-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/AKP.V16N1.2018.19-41","url":null,"abstract":"Chili is one of high-value horticulture commodities, prioritized for its production expansion, and has no substitute. Chili price is inflationary due to its high fluctuation.  This research aims to analyze performance of its supply chain management. Primary data was collected in Malang Regency, East Java, from chili agribusiness actors. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and marketing margin approaches. Great red chili, curly red chili, and cayenne farm businesses were profitable with benefits each ranged from Rp 24.44 million to Rp83.8 million/season/hectare. The R/C ratios varied from 1.62 to 2.89 indicating that chili farming is feasible. Most of value chain was gained by retailers, merchants, and wholesalers. Wholesalers at the central market played significant role in collecting chili from farmers and distributed it to consumers through retailers. Strategy to improve marketing efficiency is through enhancing integrated chili supply chain management. AbstrakKomoditas cabai merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang mendapatkan prioritas pengembangan. Komoditas cabai merupakan komoditas sayuran tidak bersubtitusi dan tergolong komoditas bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Permasalahan utama adalah sering terjadi gejolak harga yang memiliki pengaruh cukup signifikan terhadap inflasi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis kinerja kelembagaan manajemen rantai pasok komoditas cabai dari hulu hingga hilir. Hasil kajian menunjukkan  kinerja usaha tani cabai merah besar, cabai merah keriting, dan cabai rawit cukup menguntungkan dengan keuntungan berkisar antara Rp24,44–83,8 juta/musim/ha, dan dengan nilai R/C ratio bevariasi antara 1,62–2,89 yang merefleksikan usaha tani cabai sangat layak untuk terus diusahakan. Secara nominal berturut-turut nilai tambah terbesar adalah pada pedagang pengecer, pedagang pengumpul, pedagang besar. Meskipun nilai tambah pada pedagang besar dan pedagang pengumpul desa lebih kecil dari nilai pedagang pengecer, namun karena omzet penjualan cabai yang jauh lebih besar maka secara keseluruhan keuntungan yang didapat pedagang besar adalah yang paling besar, kemudian menyusul pedagang pengumpul desa, dan terakhir pedagang pengecer. Strategi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi tata niaga dapat dilakukan dengan pengembangan manajemen rantai pasok komoditas cabai merah secara terpadu.","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126241401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sinergi Kegiatan Desa Mandiri Benih dan Kawasan Mandiri Benih untuk Mewujudkan Swasembada Benih","authors":"V. Darwis","doi":"10.21082/AKP.V16N1.2018.59-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/AKP.V16N1.2018.59-72","url":null,"abstract":"Rice seed determines successful rice farming. Adopting quality seed will improve farm yield. Rice seed procurement programs implemented by Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) among others are Seed Self-Reliance Region Model coordinated by IAARD and Seed Self-Reliance Village managed by Directorate General of Food Crops. This paper aims to synthesize those two seed procurement programs into one program called as Seed Producer Center Village. Both programs have similarities, i.e. (a) both programs were carried out by MoA, (b) programs implementation involve Provincial and Regional Agriculture Offices, BPTP/UPBS, and BPSBTPH, and (c) encouraging seed growers to become seed producers. Requirements to integrate both programs are: (i) duties coordination of each involved agency; (ii) selection of seed growers to participate in the program; (iii) seed growers training carried out by BPSBTPH/UPBS, (iv) production inputs purchase prior to planting season, and (v) the government buys the seed produced in the program and distribute it to the rice production enhancement programs. AbstrakBenih menjadi penentu awal keberhasilan dalam budidaya tanaman. Penggunaan benih bermutu akan meningkatkan produktivitas. Program pengadaan benih yang sudah dilaksanakan oleh Kementerian Pertanian antara lain adalah Model Kawasan Mandiri Benih di bawah koordinasi Balitbangtan dan Desa Mandiri Benih di bawah koordinasi Direktorat Jenderal Tanaman Pangan. Tulisan ini menguraikan alasan dan cara mensinergikan dua program pengadaan benih ke dalam satu program dengan nama Desa Sentra Produsen Benih. Kedua program memiliki banyak kesamaan di antaranya adalah: (a) dilaksanakan dalam satu kementerian, (b) pada pelaksanaan di lapang melibatkan instansi yang sama yaitu Dinas Pertanian Provinsi dan Kabupaten, BPTP/UPBS, BPSBTPH, dan (c) menjadikan penangkar sebagai produsen benih. Dalam pelaksanaannya, sinergi kedua program membutuhkan: (i) koordinasi dan tugas masing-masing lembaga yang terlibat; (ii) pemilihan penangkar yang mau dibina; (iii) pembinaan penangkar langsung oleh BPSBTPH/UPBS, (iv) pengadaan sarana produksi sebelum masuk musim tanam, dan (v) pemerintah ikut membeli benih yang dihasilkan oleh penangkar dan mengembalikan benih tersebut ke petani sekitarnya dalam bentuk program pemerintah lainnya yang berhubungan dengan benih.","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127108771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategi Penguatan Kinerja Pelayanan Kesehatan Hewan dalam Mendukung Sistem Kesehatan Hewan Nasional","authors":"M. Iqbal","doi":"10.21082/AKP.V9N1.2011.53-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21082/AKP.V9N1.2011.53-71","url":null,"abstract":"Undang Undang Nomor 18/2009 tentang peternakan dan kesehatan hewan mengamanatkan bahwa pelayanan kesehatan hewan meliputi pelayanan jasa Pusat Kesehatan Hewan (Puskeswan). Institusi ini dapat dianggap sebagai ujung tombak strategis yang perlu diperkuat kinerjanya dalam rangka mendukung Sistem Kesehatan Hewan Nasional (Siskeswannas). Secara mendasar penguatan kinerja Puskeswan dapat dilakukan melalui tiga strategi, yaitu : (1) strategi pembangunan prasarana dan sarana (infrastruktur); (2) strategi peningkatan kapasitas sumberdaya manusia petugas; dan (3) strategi penyempurnaan ketatalaksanaan organisasi. Implementasi ketiga strategi tersebut perlu dukungan institusionalisasi otoritas veteriner sehingga diharapkan dapat menjadikan Puskeswan sebagai lembaga yang tertata baik, mudah diakses, dan terpercaya dalam pelayanan sistem kesehatan hewan. Akan tetapi institusionalisasi otoritas veteriner harus bersifat mandiri dan bebas dari kepentingan politik.","PeriodicalId":448472,"journal":{"name":"Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114973002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}