Vaginismus is the presence spasm of the muscles in the vagina in the absence of any disease. Neurological diseases can cause degenerative changes in brain structures such as the corpus callosum (CC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the corpus callosum of patients with vaginismus with statistical shape analysis (SSA) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and compare it with healthy controls.Ten female patients with vaginismus and healthy individuals who met the study criteria, were equal in number and age were selected as the control. Mid-sagittal T1-weighted MRI images of each individual were obtained, and the corpus callosum was marked with software on each image using anatomical landmarks, and data were collected. The mean of 'Procrustes' landmarks was calculated and shape deformations were evaluated using thin plate spline (TPS) analysis.A significant slightly difference was found in terms of corpus callosum areas in the mid-sagittal images of patients with vaginismus and controls. Maximum CC deformation was observed in almost all regions markings in those with vaginismus. In the evaluation of allometry, multivariate regression test was used for the relationship between size and shape and a statistically significant model was obtained for CC.CC analysis with SSA using MRI images revealed significant differences between patients and healthy subjects.The study findings highlighted the abnormal distribution of white matter in the corpus callosum and the variable subregional nature of CC in vaginismus patients. This study may help future studies in terms of vaginismus etiology, diagnosis and treatment options.
{"title":"Statistical shape analysis of Corpus Callosum in vaginismus","authors":"Sema Baykara, M. Baykara, M. Atmaca","doi":"10.12740/app/155218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/155218","url":null,"abstract":"Vaginismus is the presence spasm of the muscles in the vagina in the absence of any disease. Neurological diseases can cause degenerative changes in brain structures such as the corpus callosum (CC). \u0000The aim of this study is to evaluate the corpus callosum of patients with vaginismus with statistical shape analysis (SSA) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and compare it with healthy controls.Ten female patients with vaginismus and healthy individuals who met the study criteria, were equal in number and age were selected as the control. Mid-sagittal T1-weighted MRI images of each individual were obtained, and the corpus callosum was marked with software on each image using anatomical landmarks, and data were collected. The mean of 'Procrustes' landmarks was calculated and shape deformations were evaluated using thin plate spline (TPS) analysis.A significant slightly difference was found in terms of corpus callosum areas in the mid-sagittal images of patients with vaginismus and controls. Maximum CC deformation was observed in almost all regions markings in those with vaginismus. In the evaluation of allometry, multivariate regression test was used for the relationship between size and shape and a statistically significant model was obtained for CC.CC analysis with SSA using MRI images revealed significant differences between patients and healthy subjects.The study findings highlighted the abnormal distribution of white matter in the corpus callosum and the variable subregional nature of CC in vaginismus patients. This study may help future studies in terms of vaginismus etiology, diagnosis and treatment options.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46614820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For individuals with depression, depression self-efficacy is important. This study sought to understand the factors that are associated with depression self-efficacy.Participants (N = 275) in a trial of an internet-based depression intervention completed the Depression Self-Efficacy Questionnaire [1].A 3-way (gender * treatment experience * family history of depression) interaction predicted depression self-efficacy. Women with treatment experience reported significantly lower self-efficacy scores compared to those without treatment experience. For men, however, family history of depression moderated the relationship between past treatment experience and self-efficacy. Thus, among men with family history of depression, those without prior treatment experience had the highest depression self-efficacy scores and those with prior treatment experience – the lowest, but this pattern was not observed in men with unknown or no family history of depression.Self-efficacy of depression appears to vary based on gender, past treatment experience, and the individuals’ family history of depression, and for some individuals, past treatment experience may be associated with reduced self-efficacy.Findings suggest possible targets for intervention aiming at increasing depression self-efficacy.
{"title":"Effect of demographic and clinical factors on depression self-efficacy","authors":"K. Jones, Cedi McCorkle, R. Muñoz, Y. Leykin","doi":"10.12740/app/156319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/156319","url":null,"abstract":"For individuals with depression, depression self-efficacy is important. This study sought to understand the factors that are associated with depression self-efficacy.Participants (N = 275) in a trial of an internet-based depression intervention completed the Depression Self-Efficacy Questionnaire [1].A 3-way (gender * treatment experience * family history of depression) interaction predicted depression self-efficacy. Women with treatment experience reported significantly lower self-efficacy scores compared to those without treatment experience. For men, however, family history of depression moderated the relationship between past treatment experience and self-efficacy. Thus, among men with family history of depression, those without prior treatment experience had the highest depression self-efficacy scores and those with prior treatment experience – the lowest, but this pattern was not observed in men with unknown or no family history of depression.Self-efficacy of depression appears to vary based on gender, past treatment experience, and the individuals’ family history of depression, and for some individuals, past treatment experience may be associated with reduced self-efficacy.Findings suggest possible targets for intervention aiming at increasing depression self-efficacy.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49649227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomasz Grąźlewski, J. Kucharska-Mazur, B. Misiak, J. Samochowiec
Background and objective: According to the diathesis-stress model, disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are thought to play a role in the development, onset, and progression of psychosis. The aim of this paper is to present the available body of evidence on the abnormalities of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in psychotic disorders and at-risk states. Methods: Review of literature from the years 2011-2022 available across three databases (Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar) was performed. With an aim to: i) ensure that the review covers a wide range of research related to psychotic presentations as manifested in a broad range of clinical populations (from CHR/UHR to full-blown psychosis), and ii) identify the neurobiological background thereof, the following combination of search terms was applied: "chr" OR "uhr" OR "arms" OR "first-episode schizophrenia" OR "psychosis" AND "cortisol" OR "HPA axis" OR "CAR" OR "cortisol awakening response". Results and conclusion: Research suggests that abnormalities of the HPA axis (in this case, disturbances of the CAR) appear to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders. The cortisol awakening response was blunted in patients with first-episode psychosis or schizophrenia. On the other hand, in subjects with at-risk states, the results were inconclusive. These findings, however, are based on a small number of studies; therefore, more research in this area is required
{"title":"Disturbances of cortisol awakening response in psychotic disorders and at-risk states – a literature review","authors":"Tomasz Grąźlewski, J. Kucharska-Mazur, B. Misiak, J. Samochowiec","doi":"10.12740/app/159085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/159085","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: According to the diathesis-stress model, disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are thought to play a role in the development, onset, and progression of psychosis. The aim of this paper is to present the available body of evidence on the abnormalities of the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in psychotic disorders and at-risk states.\u0000Methods: Review of literature from the years 2011-2022 available across three databases (Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar) was performed. With an aim to: i) ensure that the review covers a wide range of research related to psychotic presentations as manifested in a broad range of clinical populations (from CHR/UHR to full-blown psychosis), and ii) identify the neurobiological background thereof, the following combination of search terms was applied: \"chr\" OR \"uhr\" OR \"arms\" OR \"first-episode schizophrenia\" OR \"psychosis\" AND \"cortisol\" OR \"HPA axis\" OR \"CAR\" OR \"cortisol awakening response\".\u0000Results and conclusion: Research suggests that abnormalities of the HPA axis (in this case, disturbances of the CAR) appear to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders. The cortisol awakening response was blunted in patients with first-episode psychosis or schizophrenia. On the other hand, in subjects with at-risk states, the results were inconclusive. These findings, however, are based on a small number of studies; therefore, more research in this area is required","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43251306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justyna Oettingen, J. Gierowski, B. Grabski, A. Micek
This study aims to explore differences in the prevalence of early maladaptive schemas (EMS) in convicted sexual offenders (CSO’s) as compared to the general male population (control group).The study included 102 men incarcerated for sexual offences and 167 men from a non-criminal population. The study used the Polish version of Young’s schema questionnaire – YSQ-S3-PL.The results demonstrated a higher degree of EMS severity in CSO except in the ‘impaired limits’ domain where non-criminal individuals scored higher. The individuals who have committed sexual offenses displayed more extensive and severe schemas than non-criminal / non-treated males (including more EMS domains).The study revealed nine early maladaptive schemas characterising the specific mind-set of male sex offender convicts. The results seem to illustrate well the genesis of the formation of a disordered personality as described by J. Young within the schema therapy concept. In the context of the cited studies, these structures – in addition to their important role in the development of psychopathology – appear to contribute to sexual offending.The conclusion emerging from the findings is that EMS are an important problem for Individuals involved in sexual offending. A consideration of these schemas in the psychotherapy of CSO’s would help develop new and effective therapeutic protocols designed to treat that particular population and reduce the rate of repeat offending.
{"title":"A discussion of early maladaptive schemas in men convicted sexual offenders in Poland.","authors":"Justyna Oettingen, J. Gierowski, B. Grabski, A. Micek","doi":"10.12740/app/166604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/166604","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore differences in the prevalence of early maladaptive schemas (EMS) in convicted sexual offenders (CSO’s) as compared to the general male population (control group).The study included 102 men incarcerated for sexual offences and 167 men from a non-criminal population. The study used the Polish version of Young’s schema questionnaire – YSQ-S3-PL.The results demonstrated a higher degree of EMS severity in CSO except in the ‘impaired limits’ domain where non-criminal individuals scored higher. The individuals who have committed sexual offenses displayed more extensive and severe schemas than non-criminal / non-treated males (including more EMS domains).The study revealed nine early maladaptive schemas characterising the specific mind-set of male sex offender convicts. The results seem to illustrate well the genesis of the formation of a disordered personality as described by J. Young within the schema therapy concept. In the context of the cited studies, these structures – in addition to their important role in the development of psychopathology – appear to contribute to sexual offending.The conclusion emerging from the findings is that EMS are an important problem for Individuals involved in sexual offending. A consideration of these schemas in the psychotherapy of CSO’s would help develop new and effective therapeutic protocols designed to treat that particular population and reduce the rate of repeat offending.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42756895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krzysztof Rudkowski, J. Samochowiec, J. Kucharska-Mazur, A. Mazur
In recent years, there has been a growing number of studies trying to explain the role of inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis of maternal immune activation during pregnancy, which increases the risk of schizophrenia in the offspring. Studies searching for potential biomarkers for schizophrenia suggest its links with pro-inflammatory cytokines. The process is also linked with complement cascade proteins and microglia cells, although the precise biological underpinnings still remain unclear. Importantly, several clinical trials provide evidence that certain anti-inflammatory substances have a beneficial effect on the treatment of schizophrenia. A better understanding of the role of inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia will enable new solutions in preventive and therapeutic interventions. This paper aims to summarize current evidence on the potential biological mechanisms linking inflammatory processes to the ethiopathogenesis of schizophrenia.
{"title":"The Role of Inflammatory Processes in the Etiopathogenesis of Schizophrenia","authors":"Krzysztof Rudkowski, J. Samochowiec, J. Kucharska-Mazur, A. Mazur","doi":"10.12740/app/163306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/163306","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a growing number of studies trying to explain the role of inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis of maternal immune activation during pregnancy, which increases the risk of schizophrenia in the offspring. Studies searching for potential biomarkers for schizophrenia suggest its links with pro-inflammatory cytokines. The process is also linked with complement cascade proteins and microglia cells, although the precise biological underpinnings still remain unclear. Importantly, several clinical trials provide evidence that certain anti-inflammatory substances have a beneficial effect on the treatment of schizophrenia. A better understanding of the role of inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia will enable new solutions in preventive and therapeutic interventions. This paper aims to summarize current evidence on the potential biological mechanisms linking inflammatory processes to the ethiopathogenesis of schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44366988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Łuc, M. Pawłowski, Karolina Fila-Pawłowska, D. Kaminska, P. Poznański, J. Rymaszewska, P. Krajewski, D. Szcześniak, J. Rymaszewska
Rapid emergence and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 significantly impacted mental health. Restrictions, lockdowns and quarantines issued during the wait for vaccines resulted in additional psychological distress in most populations. We aim to describe the impact of perceived stress related to the pandemic and sociodemographic determinants on sleep disturbances in the population of patients with chronic medical conditions, such as psoriasis, kidney transplant recipients and undergoing dialysis.During the cross-sectional survey conducted between May and October 2020, we enrolled 270 patients with three different chronic medical conditions. Study sample was examined regarding the reported sleep complaints (Insomnia Severity Index), occurrence of psychopathological symptoms (General Health Questionnaire 28) and their perceived levels of stress related to pandemic (Perceived Stress Scale).We observed 25,2% prevalence of ISI scores indicative of clinical insomnia in the group of chronically-ill patients during the first phase of the pandemic. ISI scores were found to be strongly correlated with GHQ28 and moderately correlated with PSS-10 scores. The profiles of reported complaints varied significantly between groups.There are varied outcomes related to sleep disturbances measured with ISI in the general population depending on the country and phase of pandemic with most of them ranging from 11.5 to 20% .Findings of our study suggest that population of patients with chronic conditions, with special emphasis on those who have a simultaneous history of psychiatric or psychological treatment, requires additional attention in order to objectivize and maintain sleep disorders during occurrence of severe stress conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Determinants of sleep disturbances in chronically-ill patients during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"M. Łuc, M. Pawłowski, Karolina Fila-Pawłowska, D. Kaminska, P. Poznański, J. Rymaszewska, P. Krajewski, D. Szcześniak, J. Rymaszewska","doi":"10.12740/app/166394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/166394","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid emergence and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 significantly impacted mental health. Restrictions, lockdowns and quarantines issued during the wait for vaccines resulted in additional psychological distress in most populations. We aim to describe the impact of perceived stress related to the pandemic and sociodemographic determinants on sleep disturbances in the population of patients with chronic medical conditions, such as psoriasis, kidney transplant recipients and undergoing dialysis.During the cross-sectional survey conducted between May and October 2020, we enrolled 270 patients with three different chronic medical conditions. Study sample was examined regarding the reported sleep complaints (Insomnia Severity Index), occurrence of psychopathological symptoms (General Health Questionnaire 28) and their perceived levels of stress related to pandemic (Perceived Stress Scale).We observed 25,2% prevalence of ISI scores indicative of clinical insomnia in the group of chronically-ill patients during the first phase of the pandemic. ISI scores were found to be strongly correlated with GHQ28 and moderately correlated with PSS-10 scores. The profiles of reported complaints varied significantly between groups.There are varied outcomes related to sleep disturbances measured with ISI in the general population depending on the country and phase of pandemic with most of them ranging from 11.5 to 20% .Findings of our study suggest that population of patients with chronic conditions, with special emphasis on those who have a simultaneous history of psychiatric or psychological treatment, requires additional attention in order to objectivize and maintain sleep disorders during occurrence of severe stress conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42812613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katarzyna Rek-Owodziń, E. Tyburski, P. Plichta, K. Waszczuk, M. Bielecki, Krzysztof Wietrzyński, P. Podwalski, Krzysztof Rudkowski, A. Michalczyk, M. Mak
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in coping styles between individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis, with first episode psychosis, chronic schizophrenia and healthy controls.A total of 167 individuals with chronic schizophrenia (CHS; n=66), first episode psychosis (FEP; n=31), at ultra high risk for psychosis (UHR; n=16) and healthy controls (HC; n=54) were recruited to complete the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) to investigate their preferred coping styles. Demographic data were collected using a short self-designed questionnaire.Our results demonstrated all participants’ preference for mixed coping (i.e. a strategy in which two or three styles are applied with similar frequency). The second choice across the control group was task-oriented, and in the clinical groups - emotion-oriented coping. Interestingly, task-oriented coping was significantly more frequent in controls relative to the clinical groups, while the frequency of emotion-oriented coping did not differ significantly across our sample. Avoidance-oriented coping was reported significantly more frequently in the CHS compared to both HC and UHR.This study demonstrates differences in coping with stressful situations between patients at various stages of psychosis and healthy individuals.Therapeutic interventions for patients from the psychosis spectrum should include education on coping with stress and practical training of coping skills.
{"title":"The comparison of the coping styles between patients in ultra- high risk for psychosis state, first episode of psychosis and chronic schizophrenia.","authors":"Katarzyna Rek-Owodziń, E. Tyburski, P. Plichta, K. Waszczuk, M. Bielecki, Krzysztof Wietrzyński, P. Podwalski, Krzysztof Rudkowski, A. Michalczyk, M. Mak","doi":"10.12740/app/162950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/162950","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate differences in coping styles between individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis, with first episode psychosis, chronic schizophrenia and healthy controls.A total of 167 individuals with chronic schizophrenia (CHS; n=66), first episode psychosis (FEP; n=31), at ultra high risk for psychosis (UHR; n=16) and healthy controls (HC; n=54) were recruited to complete the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) to investigate their preferred coping styles. Demographic data were collected using a short self-designed questionnaire.Our results demonstrated all participants’ preference for mixed coping (i.e. a strategy in which two or three styles are applied with similar frequency). The second choice across the control group was task-oriented, and in the clinical groups - emotion-oriented coping. Interestingly, task-oriented coping was significantly more frequent in controls relative to the clinical groups, while the frequency of emotion-oriented coping did not differ significantly across our sample. Avoidance-oriented coping was reported significantly more frequently in the CHS compared to both HC and UHR.This study demonstrates differences in coping with stressful situations between patients at various stages of psychosis and healthy individuals.Therapeutic interventions for patients from the psychosis spectrum should include education on coping with stress and practical training of coping skills.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43155927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mental illnesses are common in patients with chronic pain, and this association may result in changes in functional status. This study assessed the functionality and quality of life of patients with chronic pain, anxiety, and depression.A total of 103 patients were interviewed at Federal University of Minas Gerais’ (UFMG) Hospital das Clínicas Pain Center, in 2020 and 2021. The presence of depression and anxiety symptoms, pain intensity, quality of life, and functionality was assessed. The cohort studied was stratified into groups suffering from mild, moderate, and intense pain in accordance with the visual numeric scale, and these patients then underwent descriptive and comparative analyses. Subsequently, a multivariate analysis was performed, followed by linear regression analysis to identify risk factors and variables that contributed to the pain being felt.In total, 16.5% of the patients were diagnosed with symptoms of anxiety, 13.59% with depression, and 34.95% presented symptoms of both anxiety and depression. The functionality assessment revealed severe incapacity, with the highest levels of incapacity present in those suffering from the most intense pain.Patients with symptoms of anxiety and depression presented a worse quality of life than those without these symptoms, with some aspects directly related to pain intensity.Chronic pain, in the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression, produces severe functional psychosocial incapacity and a low quality of life, which are directly related to pain intensity. Skin color, suicidal ideation, and psychosocial issues are associated with depression, anxiety, and chronic pain.
{"title":"Quality of life and functionality in patients suffering from chronic pain, anxiety and depression","authors":"M. Costa, R. Gomez","doi":"10.12740/app/155142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/155142","url":null,"abstract":"Mental illnesses are common in patients with chronic pain, and this association may result in changes in functional status. This study assessed the functionality and quality of life of patients with chronic pain, anxiety, and depression.A total of 103 patients were interviewed at Federal University of Minas Gerais’ (UFMG) Hospital das Clínicas Pain Center, in 2020 and 2021. The presence of depression and anxiety symptoms, pain intensity, quality of life, and functionality was assessed. The cohort studied was stratified into groups suffering from mild, moderate, and intense pain in accordance with the visual numeric scale, and these patients then underwent descriptive and comparative analyses. Subsequently, a multivariate analysis was performed, followed by linear regression analysis to identify risk factors and variables that contributed to the pain being felt.In total, 16.5% of the patients were diagnosed with symptoms of anxiety, 13.59% with depression, and 34.95% presented symptoms of both anxiety and depression. The functionality assessment revealed severe incapacity, with the highest levels of incapacity present in those suffering from the most intense pain.Patients with symptoms of anxiety and depression presented a worse quality of life than those without these symptoms, with some aspects directly related to pain intensity.Chronic pain, in the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression, produces severe functional psychosocial incapacity and a low quality of life, which are directly related to pain intensity. Skin color, suicidal ideation, and psychosocial issues are associated with depression, anxiety, and chronic pain.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47616282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychotherapy in first-episode psychosis is essential for the recovery of affected users. Those with primary psychotic disorders experience impaired abilities to form complex ideas about themselves and others, called metacognitive deficits. They also present important attachment disturbances.This paper aims to review the concepts of metacognition and attachment in psychosis, present an interpersonal metacognitive model incorporating elements of attachment theory and analyze a clinical case to show the integration of different strategies in the initial phase of therapy. The Metacognitive Assessment Scale-Abbreviated (MAS-A) was used to assess changes in the user’s metacognitive ability.The therapist adopted the role of secure base and safe-haven to develop an adequate therapeutic relationship, operating through metacommunication and self-participation. Normalization interventions were applied and the user’s agenda was consistently prioritized. The user developed greater metacognitive abilities in the MAS-A along with better functioning, maintained few symptoms and was able to move into a new phase of therapy.The review and clinical case presented highlight the importance of an interpersonal metacognitive model that considers the users’ attachment pattern and a solid therapeutic relationship. Hierarchical metacognitive interventions are presented that allowed the user to address more complex psychological conflicts in therapy.Psychotherapeutic models that integrate the concepts of metacognition and attachment theory are promising to improve self-reflective abilities in users with a first-episode psychosis. The clinical case presented would be a contribution to design future studies about these processes.
{"title":"Metacognition, attachment and psychotherapy in first-episode psychosis: a case study.","authors":"Sergio Vergara-Ramirez","doi":"10.12740/app/155217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/155217","url":null,"abstract":"Psychotherapy in first-episode psychosis is essential for the recovery of affected users. Those with primary psychotic disorders experience impaired abilities to form complex ideas about themselves and others, called metacognitive deficits. They also present important attachment disturbances.This paper aims to review the concepts of metacognition and attachment in psychosis, present an interpersonal metacognitive model incorporating elements of attachment theory and analyze a clinical case to show the integration of different strategies in the initial phase of therapy. The Metacognitive Assessment Scale-Abbreviated (MAS-A) was used to assess changes in the user’s metacognitive ability.The therapist adopted the role of secure base and safe-haven to develop an adequate therapeutic relationship, operating through metacommunication and self-participation. Normalization interventions were applied and the user’s agenda was consistently prioritized. The user developed greater metacognitive abilities in the MAS-A along with better functioning, maintained few symptoms and was able to move into a new phase of therapy.The review and clinical case presented highlight the importance of an interpersonal metacognitive model that considers the users’ attachment pattern and a solid therapeutic relationship. Hierarchical metacognitive interventions are presented that allowed the user to address more complex psychological conflicts in therapy.Psychotherapeutic models that integrate the concepts of metacognition and attachment theory are promising to improve self-reflective abilities in users with a first-episode psychosis. The clinical case presented would be a contribution to design future studies about these processes.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47310507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The aim of the paper is to describe in detail the problems in the field of recognising emotional facial expressions in patients with schizophrenia. This paper also analyses studies and theoretical literature on the potential connections between deficits in recognition of emotional facial expressions and neuronal dysfunctions and attachment styles. Materials and method: The literature review was performed using the following databases: EBSCO, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The databases were searched using the following keywords: ‘emotion’, ‘facial emotion’, ‘facial expression’. Those terms were combined with the words 'recognition', 'perception', 'genetic', 'attachment style' and each time with the term 'schizophrenia'. Results: The literature review clearly confirms that among people suffering from schizophrenia there are problems with recognising emotional facial expressions. Studies suggest that the visual perception of patients is related to the recognition of facial expressions. Studies also confirm the relationship of neuronal dysfunctions and genetic factors with the recognition of emotional facial expressions. Discussion and conclusions: The genesis of problems in recognising emotional facial expressions in patients with schizophrenia is multifactorial in nature. The influence of attachment styles on epigenetic mechanisms and the development of neural structures related to emotion recognition remains unverified. In the future, this study will allow for the creation of more accurate models of the pathogenesis of these deficits.
{"title":"Facial emotion recognition deficits in schizophrenia - a review of research and a model of pathogenesis","authors":"Dawid Subocz","doi":"10.12740/app/153480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/153480","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of the paper is to describe in detail the problems in the field of recognising emotional facial expressions in patients with schizophrenia. This paper also analyses studies and theoretical literature on the potential connections between deficits in recognition of emotional facial expressions and neuronal dysfunctions and attachment styles.\u0000Materials and method: The literature review was performed using the following databases: EBSCO, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The databases were searched using the following keywords: ‘emotion’, ‘facial emotion’, ‘facial expression’. Those terms were combined with the words 'recognition', 'perception', 'genetic', 'attachment style' and each time with the term 'schizophrenia'.\u0000Results: The literature review clearly confirms that among people suffering from schizophrenia there are problems with recognising emotional facial expressions. Studies suggest that the visual perception of patients is related to the recognition of facial expressions. Studies also confirm the relationship of neuronal dysfunctions and genetic factors with the recognition of emotional facial expressions.\u0000Discussion and conclusions: The genesis of problems in recognising emotional facial expressions in patients with schizophrenia is multifactorial in nature. The influence of attachment styles on epigenetic mechanisms and the development of neural structures related to emotion recognition remains unverified. In the future, this study will allow for the creation of more accurate models of the pathogenesis of these deficits.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41369927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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