The aim of this study is to asses the relationship between postpartum depression and perceived social support, newborn temperament, and selected sociodemographic variables.The sample consisted of 145 mothers, with an average age of 27, mostly married. The following instruments were used in the research: Questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, Neonatal temperament scale, Edinburgh scale of postpartum depression - EPDS and Scale of perceived social support.The results showed that reduced social support from partners, friends, and family, difficult newborn temperament, and low socioeconomic status correlated with postpartum depression.The practical implications of the research are reflected in the understanding of social support as a significant predictor of depression in the postpartum period and the implementation of the social component in the system of support and assistance to pregnant women and mothers.Recognizing the factors that cause mood disorders after childbirth is an important part of the diagnosis and prevention of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a non-psychotic postpartum mood disorder that can last up to 12 months postpartum. The etiological disorder is still not differentiated because it is differentiated through a bio-psycho-social basis.
{"title":"Perceived social support, newborn temperament and socioeconomic status in postpartum depression: report from southwest Serbia","authors":"Anida Vrcić Amar, Hana Sejfović","doi":"10.12740/app/152779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/152779","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to asses the relationship between postpartum depression and perceived social support, newborn temperament, and selected sociodemographic variables.The sample consisted of 145 mothers, with an average age of 27, mostly married. The following instruments were used in the research: Questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, Neonatal temperament scale, Edinburgh scale of postpartum depression - EPDS and Scale of perceived social support.The results showed that reduced social support from partners, friends, and family, difficult newborn temperament, and low socioeconomic status correlated with postpartum depression.The practical implications of the research are reflected in the understanding of social support as a significant predictor of depression in the postpartum period and the implementation of the social component in the system of support and assistance to pregnant women and mothers.Recognizing the factors that cause mood disorders after childbirth is an important part of the diagnosis and prevention of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression is a non-psychotic postpartum mood disorder that can last up to 12 months postpartum. The etiological disorder is still not differentiated because it is differentiated through a bio-psycho-social basis.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47380152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Gurowiec, Janina Ogińska-Bulik, Paulina Michalska, Edyta Kędra
The aim of this study was to establish how cognitive processing of trauma may mediate the interaction between social support and secondary traumatic stress (STS) symptoms in healthcare professionals.We collected data from 419 Polish paramedics and nurses. The age of study participants ranged from 19 to 65 years (M = 39.60, SD = 11.03). We used a custom-developed survey and the Secondary Traumatic Stress Inventory, Social Support Scale and Cognitive Processing of Trauma Scale. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were applied to analyze the relationships between variables. A mediation analysis was used to check a mediating role of cognitive trauma processing.The results showed significant links between STS symptoms and social support, as well as cognitive processing of trauma.Cognitive coping strategies, play the intermediary role in the relationship between social support and STS symptoms, however, this role varies depending on the source of support and preferred cognitive coping strategies.Paramedics and nurses have higher risk in developing STS. Our findings show that cognitive trauma processing and social support may play an important role in secondary traumatic stress symptoms. It is crucial to develop and implement programs for the prevention and treatment of STS symptoms, which would take into account the studied variables.
{"title":"The mediating role of cognitive processing in the relationship between social support and secondary traumatic stress symptoms in healthcare professionals","authors":"P. Gurowiec, Janina Ogińska-Bulik, Paulina Michalska, Edyta Kędra","doi":"10.12740/app/155143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/155143","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to establish how cognitive processing of trauma may mediate the interaction between social support and secondary traumatic stress (STS) symptoms in healthcare professionals.We collected data from 419 Polish paramedics and nurses. The age of study participants ranged from 19 to 65 years (M = 39.60, SD = 11.03). We used a custom-developed survey and the Secondary Traumatic Stress Inventory, Social Support Scale and Cognitive Processing of Trauma Scale. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were applied to analyze the relationships between variables. A mediation analysis was used to check a mediating role of cognitive trauma processing.The results showed significant links between STS symptoms and social support, as well as cognitive processing of trauma.Cognitive coping strategies, play the intermediary role in the relationship between social support and STS symptoms, however, this role varies depending on the source of support and preferred cognitive coping strategies.Paramedics and nurses have higher risk in developing STS. Our findings show that cognitive trauma processing and social support may play an important role in secondary traumatic stress symptoms. It is crucial to develop and implement programs for the prevention and treatment of STS symptoms, which would take into account the studied variables.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47661725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To identify the sociodemographic predictors of general functioning, stress, anxiety and depression in Polish medical workers’ group in the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic.A cross-sectional observational study using an online questionnaire was conducted via both professional organizations and social media groups. A total of 303 completed responses were received. More than half of participants (54.8%) work in public hospitals, the majority was females (77.6%), nurses (38.3%), the age was ranged from 22 to 68 years (M = 41.37; SD = 11.38). The semi-structured online questionnaire covered following areas: (1) general sociodemografic data, including health state and COVID-19 related questions; (2) psychological impact and mental health, measured by GHQ-30 and DASS-21.Overall, our results showed that sex, years of experience and profession have predictive power to explain mental health being of medical workers during COVID-19. In our study, females reported worse general functioning (GHQ-30) and higher stress (DASS-21) than males. Longer working experience is predictor of better interpersonal relationships (GHQ-30).Years of experience and gender accounted for 27% of the variance of the level of stress in medical staff group. With the years of experience of healthcare professionals, the stress decreases. Nurses reported less severity of anxiety than other medical workers. We assume those results are connected with education process as well as experience level.It may be important to develop a personalized interventions, taking into account the main predictors of mental well-being. Authorities should consider creating the tailored-made programs for particular medical professions.
{"title":"Mental health predictors of medical staff in the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Poland.","authors":"M. Gawrych, E. Cichoń, A. Kiejna","doi":"10.12740/app/156923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/156923","url":null,"abstract":"To identify the sociodemographic predictors of general functioning, stress, anxiety and depression in Polish medical workers’ group in the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic.A cross-sectional observational study using an online questionnaire was conducted via both professional organizations and social media groups. A total of 303 completed responses were received. More than half of participants (54.8%) work in public hospitals, the majority was females (77.6%), nurses (38.3%), the age was ranged from 22 to 68 years (M = 41.37; SD = 11.38). The semi-structured online questionnaire covered following areas: (1) general sociodemografic data, including health state and COVID-19 related questions; (2) psychological impact and mental health, measured by GHQ-30 and DASS-21.Overall, our results showed that sex, years of experience and profession have predictive power to explain mental health being of medical workers during COVID-19. In our study, females reported worse general functioning (GHQ-30) and higher stress (DASS-21) than males. Longer working experience is predictor of better interpersonal relationships (GHQ-30).Years of experience and gender accounted for 27% of the variance of the level of stress in medical staff group. With the years of experience of healthcare professionals, the stress decreases. Nurses reported less severity of anxiety than other medical workers. We assume those results are connected with education process as well as experience level.It may be important to develop a personalized interventions, taking into account the main predictors of mental well-being. Authorities should consider creating the tailored-made programs for particular medical professions.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41553932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relationship between breastfeeding and mental health is complex and complicated by various confounding factors. Although no direct causative link has been established, several trends have arisen in the literature. The aim of this study was to see if an educational session on these trends could increase awareness of how breastfeeding affects mental health in women. Specifically, we aimed to see if this session could increase awareness in a group of clinicians (nurses, physicians, and lactation consultants) who provide care in the peripartum.A 45-minute education session was offered to health care providers for members of this population. The goal of this session was to increase awareness of how breastfeeding impacts mental health and how, when it is going well, it can positively affect mood. The session also emphasized the importance of support in the perinatal period.The session was evaluated for changes in awareness and knowledge and perceived usefulness and relevance via a short pre-and post- 8 question survey. There were significant differences in the post answers for Questions 1-5 compared to the pre- answers.These particular questions dealt with awareness and perceived relevance of the topic, the understanding of the complexity of the topic, perceived knowledge of the topic, and training on the topic.These findings suggest that an educational session may improve awareness, knowledge levels, and perceived importance of this topic.
{"title":"Increasing awareness of the connection between breastfeeding and mental health through an educational session for healthcare providers","authors":"Sara Dalley, C. Hickey","doi":"10.12740/app/152777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/152777","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between breastfeeding and mental health is complex and complicated by various confounding factors. Although no direct causative link has been established, several trends have arisen in the literature. The aim of this study was to see if an educational session on these trends could increase awareness of how breastfeeding affects mental health in women. Specifically, we aimed to see if this session could increase awareness in a group of clinicians (nurses, physicians, and lactation consultants) who provide care in the peripartum.A 45-minute education session was offered to health care providers for members of this population. The goal of this session was to increase awareness of how breastfeeding impacts mental health and how, when it is going well, it can positively affect mood. The session also emphasized the importance of support in the perinatal period.The session was evaluated for changes in awareness and knowledge and perceived usefulness and relevance via a short pre-and post- 8 question survey. There were significant differences in the post answers for Questions 1-5 compared to the pre- answers.These particular questions dealt with awareness and perceived relevance of the topic, the understanding of the complexity of the topic, perceived knowledge of the topic, and training on the topic.These findings suggest that an educational session may improve awareness, knowledge levels, and perceived importance of this topic.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45201760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR) is a condition associated with a higher risk of developing schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder as compared to the general population. Three groups of symptoms are reported to be related to UHR states: attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS), brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS) and genetic risk and deterioration syndrome (GDR). In addition, specific cognitive deficits within attention, verbal and visual memory, executive functions and processing speed are all described as linked to UHR. UHR individuals also manifest negative cognitive beliefs and attribution biases, which affect their everyday lives. Hence, a first-line treatment recommended in UHR states is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), whose effectiveness has been assessed across different studies. In this paper we describe the characteristics of UHR states, including specific cognitive difficulties they are linked with, alongside therapeutic recommendations and specificity of dedicated cognitive-behavioral treatment options.
{"title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy in ultra high risk states of psychosis (UHR)","authors":"Katarzyna Rek-Owodziń, A. Konopka","doi":"10.12740/app/152940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/152940","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR) is a condition associated with a higher risk of developing schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder as compared to the general population. Three groups of symptoms are reported to be related to UHR states: attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS), brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS) and genetic risk and deterioration syndrome (GDR). In addition, specific cognitive deficits within attention, verbal and visual memory, executive functions and processing speed are all described as linked to UHR. UHR individuals also manifest negative cognitive beliefs and attribution biases, which affect their everyday lives. Hence, a first-line treatment recommended in UHR states is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), whose effectiveness has been assessed across different studies. In this paper we describe the characteristics of UHR states, including specific cognitive difficulties they are linked with, alongside therapeutic recommendations and specificity of dedicated cognitive-behavioral treatment options.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44984449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ewa Humeniuk, Z. Tarkowski, Jolanta Góral-Półrola, M. Samardakiewicz
Purpose: The objective of this research was to determine the level of motivation for stutter treatment and its dependence on age, gender, and the conception of stuttering.Methods: In our study, the Conception of Stuttering Scale (CSS) and the Motivation for Stutter Therapy Scale (MSTS) were used. Participants: The research involved 297 participants, 81 women and 216 men, all aged from 18 to 54 years. All participants had started to stutter before the age of 7, they all had stutter symptoms (confirmed by an experienced speech therapist), thought themselves to be stutterers, and had undergone at least one therapy.Overall, the respondents were likely to consider stuttering a speech impediment, logoneurosis, communication disorder, or an illness. They mostly supported the idea of comprehensively diagnosing stuttering and they did not have a uniform conception of stutter therapy. They were most likely to opt for therapies based on speech practice or psychotherapy. Their motivation for speech therapy was mostly moderate. Motivation for stutter therapy was markedly higher in women than in men.. A significant positive correlation was revealed between speech practice and non-acceptance of stuttering.Stuttering persons have differing conceptions of the etiology, basis, diagnosis, and treatment of stuttering. Motivation for stutter therapy in adults is moderate and is not associated with their concept of stuttering.Stuttering persons have differing conceptions of the etiology, basis, diagnosis, and treatment of stuttering. Motivation for stutter therapy in adults is moderate and is not associated with their concept of stuttering.
{"title":"Motivation for stuttering therapy and its concept and other determinants","authors":"Ewa Humeniuk, Z. Tarkowski, Jolanta Góral-Półrola, M. Samardakiewicz","doi":"10.12740/app/152778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/152778","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The objective of this research was to determine the level of motivation for stutter treatment and its dependence on age, gender, and the conception of stuttering.Methods: In our study, the Conception of Stuttering Scale (CSS) and the Motivation for Stutter Therapy Scale (MSTS) were used. \u0000Participants: The research involved 297 participants, 81 women and 216 men, all aged from 18 to 54 years. All participants had started to stutter before the age of 7, they all had stutter symptoms (confirmed by an experienced speech therapist), thought themselves to be stutterers, and had undergone at least one therapy.Overall, the respondents were likely to consider stuttering a speech impediment, logoneurosis, communication disorder, or an illness. They mostly supported the idea of comprehensively diagnosing stuttering and they did not have a uniform conception of stutter therapy. They were most likely to opt for therapies based on speech practice or psychotherapy. Their motivation for speech therapy was mostly moderate. Motivation for stutter therapy was markedly higher in women than in men.. A significant positive correlation was revealed between speech practice and non-acceptance of stuttering.Stuttering persons have differing conceptions of the etiology, basis, diagnosis, and treatment of stuttering. Motivation for stutter therapy in adults is moderate and is not associated with their concept of stuttering.Stuttering persons have differing conceptions of the etiology, basis, diagnosis, and treatment of stuttering. Motivation for stutter therapy in adults is moderate and is not associated with their concept of stuttering.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47862519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This year’s first issue of APP appears with a variety of relevant clinical topics presented by nine groups of authors from different countries. It opens with two original articles raising awareness about postpartum mental health conditions. Anida Vrcić Amar and Hana Sejfović from Serbia presented correlations of reduced social support from partners, friends and family, difficult newborn temperament, and low socioeconomic status with postpartum depression. In the second paper, Sara Dalley and Catherine M. Hickey from Memorial University of Newfoundland show the effects of implementation of an educational session aimed at increasing awareness of the impact of breastfeeding on mental health and it’s possible protective influence on female’s mood.
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"Michał Lew Starowicz, K. Cyranka, J. Samochowiec","doi":"10.12740/app/162354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/162354","url":null,"abstract":"This year’s first issue of APP appears with a variety of relevant clinical topics presented by nine groups of authors from different countries. It opens with two original articles raising awareness about postpartum mental health conditions. Anida Vrcić Amar and Hana Sejfović from Serbia presented correlations of reduced social support from partners, friends and family, difficult newborn temperament, and low socioeconomic status with postpartum depression. In the second paper, Sara Dalley and Catherine M. Hickey from Memorial University of Newfoundland show the effects of implementation of an educational session aimed at increasing awareness of the impact of breastfeeding on mental health and it’s possible protective influence on female’s mood.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42771562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to assess the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Polish translation of Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) in the male version (PAI-M).A cross-sectional self-assessment study was conducted among a group of 406 Polish first-time expectant fathers during three sessions (n=113, n=186, and n=107, respectively). The reliability and construct validity of the PAI were evaluated. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were conducted.The EFA extracted a three-factor structure (Feelings, Thoughts and beliefs, and Interactions and activities); its fit to the model has been confirmed by the CFA. Therefore, the final version of the PAI-M consists of 10 statements, comprising three factors, and demonstrates satisfactory internal consistency.The structure of PAI-M found in the current study confirms and emphasizes that the mode of experiencing pregnancy and forming an attachment to an unborn child differs between men and women. Fathers were found to be less likely to manifest attachment by sharing information about how active the baby is in the womb and found it more difficult to attribute traits to the baby during this period. They manifested prenatal attachment mainly through emotions such as joy, happiness or love.The PAI-M is a reliable and valid instrument for use in Polish first-time expectant fathers to investigate the development of the paternal attachment towards the unborn child.
{"title":"Prenatal attachment by first-time fathers – the pilot study of the factor structure of the Polish-language version of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory for men (PAI-M)","authors":"K. Kossakowska","doi":"10.12740/app/156925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/156925","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to assess the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Polish translation of Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) in the male version (PAI-M).A cross-sectional self-assessment study was conducted among a group of 406 Polish first-time expectant fathers during three sessions (n=113, n=186, and n=107, respectively). The reliability and construct validity of the PAI were evaluated. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were conducted.The EFA extracted a three-factor structure (Feelings, Thoughts and beliefs, and Interactions and activities); its fit to the model has been confirmed by the CFA. Therefore, the final version of the PAI-M consists of 10 statements, comprising three factors, and demonstrates satisfactory internal consistency.The structure of PAI-M found in the current study confirms and emphasizes that the mode of experiencing pregnancy and forming an attachment to an unborn child differs between men and women. Fathers were found to be less likely to manifest attachment by sharing information about how active the baby is in the womb and found it more difficult to attribute traits to the baby during this period. They manifested prenatal attachment mainly through emotions such as joy, happiness or love.The PAI-M is a reliable and valid instrument for use in Polish first-time expectant fathers to investigate the development of the paternal attachment towards the unborn child.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47646487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Lewandowska, K. Górna, K. Jaracz, J. Rybakowski
In bipolar disorder (BD), evidence for both cognitive impairment and deficit in emotion recognition has been found. Several investigations indicate that cognition and face processing can be interrelated. In this study, we assessed the correlations between cognitive functioning and emotion recognition (face expression) in patients with BD during an acute manic and depressive episode as well as in remission using a large battery of neurocognitive tests.Twenty-four manic subjects, 21 with bipolar depression, and 22 euthymics, age-, sex-, and education-matched were included. Cognitive functions were assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT, Stroop Color-Word Interference Test (SCWT), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Benton Visual Memory Test (BVRT), Rey-Osterreich Complex Figure Test (ROFT), d2 test and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). For emotion recognition, the Penn Emotion Recognition Test and Penn Emotion Discrimination Test were employed.In mania, performances on selected measures of the WCST, TMT, SCWT, CVLT, ROFT, d2 test, and VFT, achieved 19 positive correlations with better recognition of happiness. In depression, conducting these tests obtained 20 correlations with finer recognition of sadness. In remission, such performances acquired 18 correlations with greater identification of sadness (10 replicated those obtained in depression).Better emotion recognition in manic patients concerns mostly happiness, while in depression and remission, mainly sadness.Better neuropsychological performance can facilitate emotion recognition. We hypothesize that the identification of sadness could be considered a biological marker of mood disorders.
{"title":"Neuropsychological performance facilitates emotion recognition in bipolar disorder","authors":"A. Lewandowska, K. Górna, K. Jaracz, J. Rybakowski","doi":"10.12740/app/156208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/156208","url":null,"abstract":"In bipolar disorder (BD), evidence for both cognitive impairment and deficit in emotion recognition has been found. Several investigations indicate that cognition and face processing can be interrelated. In this study, we assessed the correlations between cognitive functioning and emotion recognition (face expression) in patients with BD during an acute manic and depressive episode as well as in remission using a large battery of neurocognitive tests.Twenty-four manic subjects, 21 with bipolar depression, and 22 euthymics, age-, sex-, and education-matched were included. Cognitive functions were assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT, Stroop Color-Word Interference Test (SCWT), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Benton Visual Memory Test (BVRT), Rey-Osterreich Complex Figure Test (ROFT), d2 test and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). For emotion recognition, the Penn Emotion Recognition Test and Penn Emotion Discrimination Test were employed.In mania, performances on selected measures of the WCST, TMT, SCWT, CVLT, ROFT, d2 test, and VFT, achieved 19 positive correlations with better recognition of happiness. In depression, conducting these tests obtained 20 correlations with finer recognition of sadness. In remission, such performances acquired 18 correlations with greater identification of sadness (10 replicated those obtained in depression).Better emotion recognition in manic patients concerns mostly happiness, while in depression and remission, mainly sadness.Better neuropsychological performance can facilitate emotion recognition. We hypothesize that the identification of sadness could be considered a biological marker of mood disorders.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46426046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The world “jizz” is part of the language of birding in the English-speaking nations. It’s meaning is combination of characteristics which identify kind of a bird, but this characteristics may not be distinguished individually. Jizz is described as embodied way of seeing that instantaneously reveals the identity of a birds species, suspending the laborious and meticulous study of an diagnostic characteristics. In medicine there is an idea of “clinical intuition” - making judgments and clinical diagnoses without clear awareness of consecutive stages of reasoning. Intuitive decision making has been found in some cases to improve decisions and eventually lead into better performance than analytic deliberation. Can a certain sudden conclusions that appear in minds of both birdwatchers (about bird species) and medical doctors (established diagnosis), based on the use of an incomplete set of information, be accurate? And how we can use this similarity to understand process of formulating medical diagnoses? In this paper we discuss the phenomena of jizz and “clinical intuition” in the light of theory of brain as a tool of making predictions. According to this view the primary function of the brain is to make predictions about the word, rather than laborious analysis of the stimuli coming in from the environment at each successive moment. That theory according to us can explain both Jizz observed by birdwatchers and clinical intuition in medical practice.
{"title":"Jizz in birdwatching activity and clinical practice: how it works and why?","authors":"Ramon Grimalt, S. Murawiec, P. Tryjanowski","doi":"10.12740/app/156924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/156924","url":null,"abstract":"The world “jizz” is part of the language of birding in the English-speaking nations. It’s meaning is combination of characteristics which identify kind of a bird, but this characteristics may not be distinguished individually. Jizz is described as embodied way of seeing that instantaneously reveals the identity of a birds species, suspending the laborious and meticulous study of an diagnostic characteristics. In medicine there is an idea of “clinical intuition” - making judgments and clinical diagnoses without clear awareness of consecutive stages of reasoning. Intuitive decision making has been found in some cases to improve decisions and eventually lead into better performance than analytic deliberation. Can a certain sudden conclusions that appear in minds of both birdwatchers (about bird species) and medical doctors (established diagnosis), based on the use of an incomplete set of information, be accurate? And how we can use this similarity to understand process of formulating medical diagnoses? In this paper we discuss the phenomena of jizz and “clinical intuition” in the light of theory of brain as a tool of making predictions. According to this view the primary function of the brain is to make predictions about the word, rather than laborious analysis of the stimuli coming in from the environment at each successive moment. That theory according to us can explain both Jizz observed by birdwatchers and clinical intuition in medical practice.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49141077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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