Objective: This paper is aimed at reviewing the literature on oxytocin and attachment relationship among people addicted to alcohol. The paper describes in a holistic way their possible interactions with bio-psycho-social risk factors for the development of addiction. It also indicates the possible practical use of oxytocin in addiction therapy.Material and method: The literature review was made with the use of the following databases: PsycINFO, PubMed and Google Scholar. Each database was searched using the following keywords: ‘secure’, ‘disorganised’, ‘genetic’, and ‘therapy’. These keywords were combined with the terms “attachment style”, “oxytocin” and each time with “alcohol addiction”.Results: The analysis of the literature confirms that people addicted to alcohol are more often characterised by relational problems than healthy people. The association of oxytocin with the attachment relationship is mediated by epigenetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors. Research also confirms that the use of oxytocin in addiction therapy brings positive effects for some patients.Discussion and conclusions: The ability to build satisfactory interpersonal relationships is a protective factor against alcohol use. The article indicates the role that oxytocin plays in building interpersonal relationships and the possibility of its use in addiction therapy.
目的本文旨在回顾有关催产素和酗酒者依恋关系的文献。本文全面阐述了催产素和依恋关系与导致成瘾的生物-心理-社会风险因素之间可能存在的相互作用。本文还指出了催产素在成瘾治疗中可能的实际应用：材料和方法：利用以下数据库进行文献综述：材料与方法：文献综述使用了以下数据库：PsycINFO、PubMed 和 Google Scholar。每个数据库均使用以下关键词进行搜索：安全"、"混乱"、"遗传 "和 "治疗"。这些关键词与 "依恋风格"、"催产素 "以及每次与 "酒精成瘾 "等词结合在一起：结果：文献分析证实，与健康人相比，酗酒者更经常出现关系问题。催产素与依恋关系的关联受表观遗传学、神经生物学和环境因素的影响。研究还证实，在成瘾治疗中使用催产素会给一些患者带来积极的效果：建立令人满意的人际关系的能力是防止酗酒的一个保护因素。文章指出了催产素在建立人际关系中的作用，以及在成瘾治疗中使用催产素的可能性。
{"title":"Attachment relationship and oxytocin among people addicted to alcohol – a literature review","authors":"Dawid Subocz","doi":"10.12740/app/168686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/168686","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This paper is aimed at reviewing the literature on oxytocin and attachment relationship among people addicted to alcohol. The paper describes in a holistic way their possible interactions with bio-psycho-social risk factors for the development of addiction. It also indicates the possible practical use of oxytocin in addiction therapy.\u0000Material and method: The literature review was made with the use of the following databases: PsycINFO, PubMed and Google Scholar. Each database was searched using the following keywords: ‘secure’, ‘disorganised’, ‘genetic’, and ‘therapy’. These keywords were combined with the terms “attachment style”, “oxytocin” and each time with “alcohol addiction”.\u0000Results: The analysis of the literature confirms that people addicted to alcohol are more often characterised by relational problems than healthy people. The association of oxytocin with the attachment relationship is mediated by epigenetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors. Research also confirms that the use of oxytocin in addiction therapy brings positive effects for some patients.\u0000Discussion and conclusions: The ability to build satisfactory interpersonal relationships is a protective factor against alcohol use. The article indicates the role that oxytocin plays in building interpersonal relationships and the possibility of its use in addiction therapy.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":"23 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FM) is a chronic syndrome primarily characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain. Although its aetiology is not fully understood, complex interactions between biological, genetic and various psycho-sociological factors are thought to be effective in the onset and maintenance of FM.In this study, we aimed to examine social cognitive and attachment profiles of FM patients. Methods: 41 women with FM and 44 healthy women matched for education and age were included in the study. There was no significant difference in sociodemographic parameters between patient and control groups. The participants were recruited from a University Hospital in Istanbul. Sociodemographic data were questioned in both groups while FM group was also administered Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire to determine disease severity. In order to evaluate social cognition profiles of the participants, Reading Mind in the Eyes Test, Empathy Quotient and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised were conducted.FM patients did not differ significantly from control subjects by means of Reading Mind in the Eyes Test and Empathy Quotient scores (p= 0.33). Although no significant difference found between groups in means of attachment anxiety (p= 0.92), Fibromyalgia patients were found to have more avoidant attachment style than control group (p= 0.01).FM patients may have no social cognition impairments, especially in lack of any psychiatric comorbidities. Moreover, these patients may suffer from avoidant type of insecure attachment and this attachment style may affect social support seeking behaviour of these patients.Attachment based interventions may be important in the treatment of FM Syndrome
纤维肌痛综合征（FM）是一种以广泛的肌肉骨骼疼痛为主要特征的慢性综合征。虽然其病因尚未完全明了，但生物、遗传和各种社会心理因素之间复杂的相互作用被认为是 FM 发病和维持的有效因素。在这项研究中，我们旨在考察 FM 患者的社会认知和依恋特征。方法：研究纳入了 41 名患有 FM 的女性和 44 名教育和年龄匹配的健康女性。患者组和对照组的社会人口学参数无明显差异。参与者来自伊斯坦布尔的一家大学医院。研究人员询问了两组患者的社会人口学数据，同时还对 FM 组进行了纤维肌痛影响问卷调查，以确定疾病的严重程度。为了评估受试者的社会认知情况，研究人员进行了 "读心术测试"、"移情商数 "和 "亲密关系中的经历-修订版"。虽然在依恋焦虑方面各组间无明显差异（p= 0.92），但发现纤维肌痛患者的回避型依恋风格高于对照组（p= 0.01）。此外，这些患者可能患有回避型不安全依恋，这种依恋风格可能会影响这些患者寻求社会支持的行为。
{"title":"Social cognition and attachment profiles of women with fibromyalgia syndrome: a case-control study","authors":"B. Ayhan, Basar Ayribas, C. Sanal-Toprak, Pemra Cobek-Ünalan","doi":"10.12740/app/167368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/167368","url":null,"abstract":"Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FM) is a chronic syndrome primarily characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain. Although its aetiology is not fully understood, complex interactions between biological, genetic and various psycho-sociological factors are thought to be effective in the onset and maintenance of FM.In this study, we aimed to examine social cognitive and attachment profiles of FM patients. Methods: 41 women with FM and 44 healthy women matched for education and age were included in the study. There was no significant difference in sociodemographic parameters between patient and control groups. The participants were recruited from a University Hospital in Istanbul. Sociodemographic data were questioned in both groups while FM group was also administered Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire to determine disease severity. In order to evaluate social cognition profiles of the participants, Reading Mind in the Eyes Test, Empathy Quotient and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised were conducted.FM patients did not differ significantly from control subjects by means of Reading Mind in the Eyes Test and Empathy Quotient scores (p= 0.33). Although no significant difference found between groups in means of attachment anxiety (p= 0.92), Fibromyalgia patients were found to have more avoidant attachment style than control group (p= 0.01).FM patients may have no social cognition impairments, especially in lack of any psychiatric comorbidities. Moreover, these patients may suffer from avoidant type of insecure attachment and this attachment style may affect social support seeking behaviour of these patients.Attachment based interventions may be important in the treatment of FM Syndrome","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the mental health of most populations and communities. This study sought to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the likelihood of engaging in self-harm behaviors in a high-risk group.Participants (N = 659) were recruited to a multilingual depression/suicide screener. Counts of self-harm behaviors with intent to die, with ambivalent intent, and with no intent to die were examined in two time periods – mid-COVID-19 (March 15 to July 15 of 2021) and pre-COVID-19 (March 15 to July 15 periods of 2018-9).Regarding self-harm behaviors with the intent to die, pre-COVID-19, men were less likely to self-harm than women, whereas mid-COVID-19, the rates of these behaviors were similar for both genders and higher than pre-COVID-19. Regarding self-harm behaviors with ambivalent intent, a 3-way (cohort*gender*age group) interaction was noted, with younger men reporting fewer behaviors mid-COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 and other men – more such behaviors; for women, these behaviors increased somewhat regardless of age group.The COVID-19 pandemic may have altered the pattern and likelihood of engaging in self-harm behaviors. The effect of COVID-19 on these behaviors may be different for men and women, depending on their age and the type of behavior.Providers should be mindful of the potential of self-harming in the pandemic era, especially among those with existing risk factors.
{"title":"Self-harm behaviors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a high-risk group","authors":"Hillary R Kingman, Kyle C Retzer, Ricardo F Muñoz, Nancy H Liu, Suzanne Barakat, Y. Leykin","doi":"10.12740/app/167367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/167367","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the mental health of most populations and communities. This study sought to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the likelihood of engaging in self-harm behaviors in a high-risk group.Participants (N = 659) were recruited to a multilingual depression/suicide screener. Counts of self-harm behaviors with intent to die, with ambivalent intent, and with no intent to die were examined in two time periods – mid-COVID-19 (March 15 to July 15 of 2021) and pre-COVID-19 (March 15 to July 15 periods of 2018-9).Regarding self-harm behaviors with the intent to die, pre-COVID-19, men were less likely to self-harm than women, whereas mid-COVID-19, the rates of these behaviors were similar for both genders and higher than pre-COVID-19. Regarding self-harm behaviors with ambivalent intent, a 3-way (cohort*gender*age group) interaction was noted, with younger men reporting fewer behaviors mid-COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 and other men – more such behaviors; for women, these behaviors increased somewhat regardless of age group.The COVID-19 pandemic may have altered the pattern and likelihood of engaging in self-harm behaviors. The effect of COVID-19 on these behaviors may be different for men and women, depending on their age and the type of behavior.Providers should be mindful of the potential of self-harming in the pandemic era, especially among those with existing risk factors.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":"29 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sedlakova and Trachsel present an analysis regarding the evaluation of a new therapeutic technology, namely conversational artificial intelligence (CAI) in psychotherapy. They suggest that CAI cannot be treated as an equal partner in the therapeutic conversation, because it is not a moral agent. I agree that CAI is not a moral agent. However, I believe that CAI lacks at least five basic attributes or abilities (phenomenal consciousness, intentionality, ethical reflection, prudence, conscience) that would allow it to be defined as a moral agent. It seems that the ethical assessment of the possibilities, limitations, benefits and risks associated with the use of CAI in psychotherapy requires a determination of what CAI is in its moral nature. In this paper, I attempt to show that CAI is devoid of essential moral elements and hence cannot be treated as a moral agent.
Sedlakova 和 Trachsel 对一种新的治疗技术，即心理治疗中的会话人工智能（CAI）的评估进行了分析。他们认为，不能将 CAI 视为治疗对话中的平等伙伴，因为它不是道德主体。我同意 CAI 不是道德主体。不过，我认为 CAI 至少缺乏五种基本属性或能力（现象意识、意向性、伦理反思、审慎、良知），因此无法被定义为道德主体。看来，要对在心理治疗中使用 CAI 的可能性、局限性、益处和风险进行伦理评估，就必须确定 CAI 的道德性质。在本文中，我试图说明 CAI 缺乏基本的道德要素，因此不能被视为道德主体。
{"title":"Five reasons why a conversational artificial intelligence cannot be treated as a moral agent in psychotherapy","authors":"M. Ferdynus","doi":"10.12740/app/170132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/170132","url":null,"abstract":"Sedlakova and Trachsel present an analysis regarding the evaluation of a new therapeutic technology, namely conversational artificial intelligence (CAI) in psychotherapy. They suggest that CAI cannot be treated as an equal partner in the therapeutic conversation, because it is not a moral agent. I agree that CAI is not a moral agent. However, I believe that CAI lacks at least five basic attributes or abilities (phenomenal consciousness, intentionality, ethical reflection, prudence, conscience) that would allow it to be defined as a moral agent. It seems that the ethical assessment of the possibilities, limitations, benefits and risks associated with the use of CAI in psychotherapy requires a determination of what CAI is in its moral nature. In this paper, I attempt to show that CAI is devoid of essential moral elements and hence cannot be treated as a moral agent.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":"7 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to determined the relationships between symptoms of depression,and the levels of stress,anxiety and job satisfaction among ContactCentre employees and internal employees.The study also examines whether the place of work(remote work vs.office work)differentiates these participants regarding experienced anxiety, depression symptoms,job satisfaction.The study was conducted from October2021 to March2022.It included a total of 61 people aged between 18-45,employed at a Polish bank. Mental state and job satisfaction were assessed using the Job Satisfaction Scale(SSP),PerceivedStressScale(PSS-10),State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and BeckDepressionInventor(BDI).No statistically significant differences in the intensity of perceived stress or symptoms of depression and anxiety were found between the Internal and Contact Centre employees;however, poorer mental functioning was noted in the latter group.The level of job satisfaction in the studied groups significantly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms(R=-0.427;p<0.001),intensity of perceived stress(R=-0.484,p<0.001),level of anxiety as a state(R=-0.468;p<0.001) and as a trait(R=-0.423,p<0.001).People working in the home office mode obtained significantly higher scores for experienced stress, state and trait anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to people working in the hybrid mode, and significantly higher scores in terms of state anxiety than office workers.1.Contact Centre employees did not differ from internal employees in terms of experienced levels of stress or symptoms of depression and anxiety.2.Working from home can increase the level of perceived stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety among employees.3.More severe depressive and anxiety symptoms and greater perceived stress are associated with a lower perceived level of job satisfaction among young adults.
{"title":"The level of depression, anxiety and job satisfaction among young Contact Centre employees during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Małgorzata Juraś-Darowny, Magdalena Król, Jan Chodkiewicz, Monika Ewa Talarowska","doi":"10.12740/app/169192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/169192","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to determined the relationships between symptoms of depression,and the levels of stress,anxiety and job satisfaction among ContactCentre employees and internal employees.The study also examines whether the place of work(remote work vs.office work)differentiates these participants regarding experienced anxiety, depression symptoms,job satisfaction.The study was conducted from October2021 to March2022.It included a total of 61 people aged between 18-45,employed at a Polish bank. Mental state and job satisfaction were assessed using the Job Satisfaction Scale(SSP),PerceivedStressScale(PSS-10),State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and BeckDepressionInventor(BDI).No statistically significant differences in the intensity of perceived stress or symptoms of depression and anxiety were found between the Internal and Contact Centre employees;however, poorer mental functioning was noted in the latter group.The level of job satisfaction in the studied groups significantly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms(R=-0.427;p<0.001),intensity of perceived stress(R=-0.484,p<0.001),level of anxiety as a state(R=-0.468;p<0.001) and as a trait(R=-0.423,p<0.001).People working in the home office mode obtained significantly higher scores for experienced stress, state and trait anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to people working in the hybrid mode, and significantly higher scores in terms of state anxiety than office workers.1.Contact Centre employees did not differ from internal employees in terms of experienced levels of stress or symptoms of depression and anxiety.2.Working from home can increase the level of perceived stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety among employees.3.More severe depressive and anxiety symptoms and greater perceived stress are associated with a lower perceived level of job satisfaction among young adults.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":"3 3‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the current study, the authors sought to examine whether the link between moral and sexual disgust and misophonia is mediated by mental contamination.An internationally diverse sample of 283 adults (193 females, 76 males, and 14 non-binary individuals) ranging in age from 18 to 60 years old was recruited from online social media platforms and survey recruitment sites. The sample completed an online battery of scales that consisted of the New York Misophonia Scale, State Metal Contamination Scale, and the Three-Domain Disgust Scale. The hypotheses were evaluated using a series of mediations. performed using the PROCESS add-on in SPSS.Correlations were found between emotional and aggressive-avoidant reactions in misophonia, mental contamination, pathogen disgust, and sexual disgust. Moral disgust and non-aggressive reactions in misophonia failed to correlate significantly with any of the other constructs. Sexual disgust had direct and indirect effects while pathogen disgust had only direct effects on aspects of misophonia.These findings partially support our hypothesis that mental contamination mediates the link between disgust propensity and misophonia while also confirming that pathogen-based disgust is not associated with mental contamination.Findings imply that misophonia is distinct from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Further research into the conceptualization of moral disgust is warranted.
{"title":"Linking disgust and misophonia: The role of mental contamination","authors":"U. Barahmand","doi":"10.12740/app/169692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/169692","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, the authors sought to examine whether the link between moral and sexual disgust and misophonia is mediated by mental contamination.An internationally diverse sample of 283 adults (193 females, 76 males, and 14 non-binary individuals) ranging in age from 18 to 60 years old was recruited from online social media platforms and survey recruitment sites. The sample completed an online battery of scales that consisted of the New York Misophonia Scale, State Metal Contamination Scale, and the Three-Domain Disgust Scale. The hypotheses were evaluated using a series of mediations. performed using the PROCESS add-on in SPSS.Correlations were found between emotional and aggressive-avoidant reactions in misophonia, mental contamination, pathogen disgust, and sexual disgust. Moral disgust and non-aggressive reactions in misophonia failed to correlate significantly with any of the other constructs. Sexual disgust had direct and indirect effects while pathogen disgust had only direct effects on aspects of misophonia.These findings partially support our hypothesis that mental contamination mediates the link between disgust propensity and misophonia while also confirming that pathogen-based disgust is not associated with mental contamination.Findings imply that misophonia is distinct from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Further research into the conceptualization of moral disgust is warranted.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":"30 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to analyse the phenomenon of humour in therapy. Rod Martin [1] defines humour as a fundamentally positive emotion referred to as amusement, triggered by cognitive processes of appreciation of perceived amusing stimuli and non-threatening, funny incongruence, accompanied by specific facial and vocal expressions of laughter. Humour in therapy can play a significant role. It might be a form of therapy, one of the therapist’s competences, as well as a therapy technique. Notwithstanding the multiple qualities of humour, we need to recognise the risks involved in utilising it in the therapeutic process. In fact, the lack of ambiguity in the humorous message is likely to lead to misunderstandings between the patient and therapist. The patient may not have a clear comprehension of the humorous message and may not perceive the message to be humorous. They may also consider the humorous message inappropriate. Furthermore, humour is not a homogeneous phenomenon. There are styles of humour that are adaptive in nature, such as: affiliative humour and self-enhancing humour, and styles of humour that are non-adaptive, such as aggressive humour and self-defeating humour. The variability of humour styles in therapists and patients also needs to be addressed, as not all styles are suitable for therapy – they can disrupt relationships or impair patients’ self-esteem.
{"title":"Positive and negative aspects of employing humour in psychotherapy","authors":"Adam Kucharski","doi":"10.12740/app/170945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/170945","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to analyse the phenomenon of humour in therapy. Rod Martin [1] defines humour as a fundamentally positive emotion referred to as amusement, triggered by cognitive processes of appreciation of perceived amusing stimuli and non-threatening, funny incongruence, accompanied by specific facial and vocal expressions of laughter. Humour in therapy can play a significant role. It might be a form of therapy, one of the therapist’s competences, as well as a therapy technique. Notwithstanding the multiple qualities of humour, we need to recognise the risks involved in utilising it in the therapeutic process. In fact, the lack of ambiguity in the humorous message is likely to lead to misunderstandings between the patient and therapist. The patient may not have a clear comprehension of the humorous message and may not perceive the message to be humorous. They may also consider the humorous message inappropriate. Furthermore, humour is not a homogeneous phenomenon. There are styles of humour that are adaptive in nature, such as: affiliative humour and self-enhancing humour, and styles of humour that are non-adaptive, such as aggressive humour and self-defeating humour. The variability of humour styles in therapists and patients also needs to be addressed, as not all styles are suitable for therapy – they can disrupt relationships or impair patients’ self-esteem.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":"313 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135321698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the years, various concepts concerning the nature of schizophrenia have emerged. One of the proposals put forward in the literature is the division of schizophrenia into its deficit and non-deficit subtypes. Compared to its non-deficit counterpart, the deficit type involves more severe cognitive dysfunctions. Among these, some authors enlist poorer cognitive inhibition and greater impulsivity, although their behavioral correlates still remain unclear. Structural and functional studies of the brain suggest the presence of links between impulsivity and inhibition in schizophrenia, but few studies to date have analyzed cognitive performance within these two domains in patients with the deficit type. In addition, little is known about the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation in reducing cognitive deficits in deficit schizophrenia. Thus, numerous questions in this area seem to warrant further research. In this paper we present clinical and neurobiological correlates of cognitive control and impulsivity against neuropsychological and psychopathological symptomatology of schizophrenia. In addition, we describe selected neuropsychological tools used in the diagnosis thereof. We touch upon potential benefits of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with schizophrenia, especially in terms of self-control. Last but not least, this paper presents an overview of previous research and an attempt to embed them in modern theoretical models of cognitive inhibition and impulsivity, for a better understanding of the nature of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia seems crucial for proper diagnosis and assessment of treatment effects, and in a broader context is important for understanding its effects on quality of life and functioning of patients and their families.
{"title":"Cognitive control and impulsivity in deficit schizophrenia: neuropsychological and clinical characteristics","authors":"Maksymilian Bielecki, Monika Mak, Jerzy Samochowiec, Ernest Marek Tyburski","doi":"10.12740/app/170946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/170946","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, various concepts concerning the nature of schizophrenia have emerged. One of the proposals put forward in the literature is the division of schizophrenia into its deficit and non-deficit subtypes. Compared to its non-deficit counterpart, the deficit type involves more severe cognitive dysfunctions. Among these, some authors enlist poorer cognitive inhibition and greater impulsivity, although their behavioral correlates still remain unclear. Structural and functional studies of the brain suggest the presence of links between impulsivity and inhibition in schizophrenia, but few studies to date have analyzed cognitive performance within these two domains in patients with the deficit type. In addition, little is known about the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation in reducing cognitive deficits in deficit schizophrenia. Thus, numerous questions in this area seem to warrant further research. In this paper we present clinical and neurobiological correlates of cognitive control and impulsivity against neuropsychological and psychopathological symptomatology of schizophrenia. In addition, we describe selected neuropsychological tools used in the diagnosis thereof. We touch upon potential benefits of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with schizophrenia, especially in terms of self-control. Last but not least, this paper presents an overview of previous research and an attempt to embed them in modern theoretical models of cognitive inhibition and impulsivity, for a better understanding of the nature of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia seems crucial for proper diagnosis and assessment of treatment effects, and in a broader context is important for understanding its effects on quality of life and functioning of patients and their families.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135325736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim of the study The aim of the study where quasi-experimental method was used with the control group through pre-post test design was to investigate the effect of psychodrama on symptoms of ruminative thinking style and dysfunctional attitudes as well as the anxiety and depression. Subject or material and methods This study included 16 adults including 8 individuals in the psychodrama and 8 individuals in the control group. A group therapy was conducted with the psychodrama group for 12 sessions during 6 weeks; the control group was observed without any intervention. Results The psychodrama group scale scores were significantly lower in end tests in the intragroup analysis; there was not any difference in the control group. Discussion With psychodramatic techniques, increasing and maintaining attention; reduce or replace ruminations by concretizing and be able to reprocess death, mourning, uncertain loss and trauma through staging; have the opportunity to experience functional attitudes in the sur-plus reality scene and develop functional beliefs and attitudes may have contributed to our results. Conclusions Our results reveal that psychodrama techniques are useful in ruminative thinking and dysfunctional attitudes which play a role in the cognitive aspects of anxiety and depression.
{"title":"The effects of group psychodrama on the ruminative thinking style, dysfunctional attitudes, anxiety and depressive symptoms: a quasi-experimental study","authors":"Bahar Yeşil Örnek, Bircan Kırlangıç Şimşek","doi":"10.12740/app/166563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/166563","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study The aim of the study where quasi-experimental method was used with the control group through pre-post test design was to investigate the effect of psychodrama on symptoms of ruminative thinking style and dysfunctional attitudes as well as the anxiety and depression. Subject or material and methods This study included 16 adults including 8 individuals in the psychodrama and 8 individuals in the control group. A group therapy was conducted with the psychodrama group for 12 sessions during 6 weeks; the control group was observed without any intervention. Results The psychodrama group scale scores were significantly lower in end tests in the intragroup analysis; there was not any difference in the control group. Discussion With psychodramatic techniques, increasing and maintaining attention; reduce or replace ruminations by concretizing and be able to reprocess death, mourning, uncertain loss and trauma through staging; have the opportunity to experience functional attitudes in the sur-plus reality scene and develop functional beliefs and attitudes may have contributed to our results. Conclusions Our results reveal that psychodrama techniques are useful in ruminative thinking and dysfunctional attitudes which play a role in the cognitive aspects of anxiety and depression.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following article is an attempt to present the model of group interaction conducted in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the University Hospital in Krakow. It describes both the beginnings of group interaction conducted by the team of Prof. M. Orwid, Prof. J. Bomba and dr W. Badure- Madej as well as the model developed by the current team of the clinic. The structure and setting of group interaction conducted in the stationary ward, the therapeutic framework, supervision process, and the method of conducting group therapy are described. The article describes the changes in the understanding and conduct of group therapy that have taken place over the years.
{"title":"Between “Yesterday and Today”. A description of group therapy in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow.","authors":"Klaudiusz Krzysztof Kudła, Anna Bogusz-Corkill, Marta Szwajca, Angelika Szczudrawa, Patrycja Cygankiewicz, Natalia Śmierciak, Katarzyna Furman, Kinga Widelska, Feliks Matusiak, Maciej Pilecki","doi":"10.12740/app/162949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12740/app/162949","url":null,"abstract":"The following article is an attempt to present the model of group interaction conducted in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the University Hospital in Krakow. It describes both the beginnings of group interaction conducted by the team of Prof. M. Orwid, Prof. J. Bomba and dr W. Badure- Madej as well as the model developed by the current team of the clinic. The structure and setting of group interaction conducted in the stationary ward, the therapeutic framework, supervision process, and the method of conducting group therapy are described. The article describes the changes in the understanding and conduct of group therapy that have taken place over the years.","PeriodicalId":44856,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135407141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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