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Economic Development Incentives, Reported Job Creation, and Local Employment 经济发展激励、报告的就业创造和当地就业
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3169576
Paul F. Byrne
State and local policy makers continue to utilize and emphasize economic development incentives to attract and retain employers, with tax increment financing (TIF) being one of the more popular incentives. Recently, several states increased reporting requirements for local economic development agencies in an attempt to ensure that targeted incentives are achieving their stated objectives. However, the economic validity of these reported jobs depends heavily on the extent to which the incentives draw new economic activity into an area. In this paper, I examine the credibility of the number of jobs reported by local economic development agencies in Missouri as having been created or retained by TIF. The analysis studies the impact of these reported jobs on county employment, as measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Results suggest that the number of jobs reportedly created by TIF districts do not significantly impact county employment.
州和地方决策者继续利用和强调经济发展激励措施来吸引和留住雇主,税收增量融资(TIF)是最受欢迎的激励措施之一。最近,几个州提高了对地方经济发展机构的报告要求,试图确保有针对性的激励措施实现其既定目标。然而,这些报告的工作的经济有效性在很大程度上取决于激励措施在多大程度上吸引新的经济活动进入一个地区。在本文中,我考察了密苏里州当地经济发展机构报告的就业机会数量的可信度,这些就业机会是由TIF创造或保留的。该分析研究了这些报告的工作对县就业的影响,由劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)衡量。结果表明,据报道,TIF地区创造的就业机会数量对县就业没有显著影响。
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引用次数: 2
Searching for Isard’s Regional Essence 探寻伊萨德的地域本质
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2017-06-27 DOI: 10.52324/001C.8019
Douglas P. Woodward
At the inception of the Southern Regional Science Association in the early 1960s, Walter Isard maintained that areal regions are fundamental units of observation and analysis. To this day, understanding the special significance of regions motivates much of our empirical research. In my address, I argue that regional fixed effects estimates from regression analysis can help us comprehend the distinctive character of areal units. This paper offers two examples from my research. First, I present the results of a regression model that explains regional knowledge spillovers in U.S. counties. Santa Clara County (the Silicon Valley) has by far the largest fixed effect estimate of any U.S. county. Overall, the county level fixed effects for knowledge spillovers follow a pattern of rapid exponential decay. Next, I inspect neighborhood fixed effects taken from a hedonic housing price model of the Charleston, South Carolina region. The results suggest a clear preference for coastal proximity as reflected in housing prices. For neighborhoods away from the coast, the fixed effects estimates exhibit a steep decline toward zero. Like the Silicon Valley’s regional advantage in knowledge, beachfront neighborhoods benefit from an exclusive, time invariant advantage that is hard, if not impossible, to replicate in space.
在20世纪60年代初南方区域科学协会成立时,Walter Isard坚持认为区域是观测和分析的基本单位。时至今日,理解区域的特殊意义激发了我们大量的实证研究。在我的演讲中,我认为回归分析的区域固定效应估计可以帮助我们理解区域单元的独特特征。本文提供了我研究的两个例子。首先,我给出了一个回归模型的结果,该模型解释了美国各县的区域知识溢出。圣克拉拉县(硅谷)是迄今为止美国最大的固定效应估计县。总体而言,县级知识溢出的固定效应遵循快速指数衰减的模式。接下来,我考察了南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿地区享乐房价模型中的邻里固定效应。研究结果表明,房价明显倾向于靠近沿海地区。对于远离海岸的社区,固定效应估计值急剧下降至零。就像硅谷在知识方面的区域优势一样,海滨社区受益于一种排他性的、不随时间变化的优势,这种优势即使不是不可能,也很难在太空中复制。
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引用次数: 2
Geographic Concentration of the Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery 大西洋扇贝渔业的地理集中度
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.52324/001C.8026
Min-Yang A. Lee, C. Speir, Andrew Carr-Harris, S. Benjamin
The concentration patterns in the Northeast US Sea Scallop industry are examined from 1996-2014 using generalized indices of concentration and exploratory spatial data analysis.  Absolute and relative Theil indices of concentration are computed to describe the regional pattern of concentration within ports over time.  Moran's I provides a complementary measure of concentration of activity among neighboring ports.  The Moran scatterplots and confidence plots provide insight into local patterns of concentration in this industry.  The analysis reveals large changes from year to year in the geographic concentration of the scallop industry, which is likely to be related to natural variability of the environment and regulations enacted by fisheries managers in response to the variability of the environment.
采用广义集中度指数和探索性空间数据分析方法,对1996-2014年美国东北部扇贝产业集中度格局进行了研究。计算了绝对和相对浓度指数,以描述港口内浓度随时间的区域格局。Moran's I提供了相邻港口间活动集中度的补充度量。Moran散点图和置信度图提供了对该行业集中度的本地模式的洞察。分析显示,扇贝产业的地理集中度每年都有很大变化,这可能与环境的自然变化和渔业管理人员为应对环境的变化而制定的条例有关。
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引用次数: 3
Looking Behind the Scenes: An Assessment of the Interdependence of Brazilian Cultural Industries 看在幕后:巴西文化产业相互依存的评估
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2015-07-01 DOI: 10.52324/001c.8000
A. Neto, Fernando Salgueiro Perobelli, Alexandre Rabelo
How important is Brazil’s cultural industries to its economy? We provide an answer to this question by evaluating the interdependence of the cultural activities in the Brazilian production structure and its evolution over the last few years (2005 – 2009). To accomplish this, we disaggregate 13 cultural economic industries in the Brazilian input-output table and calculate several indexes, such as, the production multiplier, linkage indexes, fields of influence and extraction analysis. Results show that the only cultural sector with high links to other sectors in the production structure is Telecommunication, edition and news agencies and that this sector provides the greatest loss in output when removed from the economy. Moreover, the sectors Jewelry, music, instruments and toys, and Manufacture of telecommunication equipment have output multipliers higher than the average of the economy.
巴西的文化产业对其经济有多重要?我们通过评估巴西生产结构中文化活动的相互依存关系及其在过去几年(2005 - 2009)的演变,为这个问题提供了答案。为此,我们对巴西投入产出表中的13个文化经济产业进行了分解,并计算了生产乘数、联动指数、影响域和提取分析等指标。结果表明,在生产结构中,唯一与其他部门有高度联系的文化部门是电信、编辑和新闻机构,如果从经济中剔除,这个部门的产出损失最大。此外,珠宝、音乐、乐器和玩具以及电信设备制造部门的产出乘数高于经济的平均水平。
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引用次数: 3
PySAL: A Python Library of Spatial Analytical Methods 空间分析方法的Python库
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03647-7_11
S. Rey, L. Anselin
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引用次数: 376
Does migration matter? Job search outcomes for the unemployed. 移民重要吗?失业者的求职结果。
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1998-01-01
T P Boehm, H W Herzog, A M Schlottmann
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引用次数: 0
The role of local school quality in rural employment and population growth. 地方学校质量在农村就业和人口增长中的作用。
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1998-01-01
D L Barkley, M S Henry, S Bao

"This study investigates the influence of school quality (measured at the high school level) on 1980 to 1990 population and employment change for nonmetropolitan fringe and hinterland census tracts in South Carolina. A Boarnet variation of the Carlino-Mills model is used to examine the interdependence of population and employment change.... Results...indicate that fringe tracts' population growth was positively related to student test scores, and hinterland tracts population and employment growth were negatively related to student-teacher ratios. Empirical results suggest that local school quality provided a positive influence on rural growth, primarily in terms of residential growth. The role of school quality for employment growth was less clear."

“本研究调查了学校质量(以高中水平衡量)对1980年至1990年南卡罗来纳州非大都市边缘和腹地人口普查区人口和就业变化的影响。Carlino-Mills模型的board变体被用来检验人口和就业变化的相互依赖....结果……结果表明,边缘地区人口增长与学生考试成绩呈显著正相关,腹地人口和就业增长与师生比呈显著负相关。实证结果表明,当地学校质量对农村增长有积极影响,主要体现在居民增长方面。学校质量对就业增长的作用则不那么明确。”
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引用次数: 0
Local public services and migration: educational change evidence from Norwegian municipalities. 地方公共服务和移民:来自挪威各市的教育变化证据。
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1997-01-01
K Andersson, F Carlsen

"We take advantage of a large panel data base covering most Norwegian municipalities during seven years to examine the relationship between local public services and migration to and from municipalities for different age groups. The main innovation of the paper is that we use a survey data set to verify that the input measures employed as explanatory variables in the migration study actually are related to citizen satisfaction with local public services. We find that the results depend crucially on whether the input measures are instrumented. When input measures are instrumented, we find few effects of local public services on migration."

“我们利用一个覆盖挪威大多数城市的大型面板数据库,在七年内研究地方公共服务与不同年龄组进出城市的移民之间的关系。本文的主要创新之处在于,我们使用调查数据集来验证移民研究中作为解释变量的输入度量实际上与公民对当地公共服务的满意度有关。我们发现,结果关键取决于输入措施是否被仪器化。当投入措施被采用时,我们发现地方公共服务对移民的影响很小。”
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引用次数: 0
The effects of perceptions of hazardous waste on migration: a laboratory experimental approach. 对危险废物的认识对移徙的影响:实验室实验方法。
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1997-01-01
M J Greenwood, G H Mcclelland, W D Schulze

"This study develops a methodology that allows migration decision-making to be studied in a laboratory experimental setting. Moreover, this methodology permits an examination of the importance of natural and man-made hazards in migration decisions--factors that have not been extensively studied as determinants of migration. The specific application is to the location of the U.S. nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Empirical results suggest that the repository may influence employment-related migration, but probably not retirement migration."

“这项研究开发了一种方法,允许在实验室实验环境中研究迁移决策。此外,这种方法允许检查自然和人为危害在移民决策中的重要性,这些因素尚未作为移民的决定因素进行广泛研究。具体的应用是美国内华达州尤卡山的核废料储存库。实证结果表明,资源库可能会影响与就业相关的移民,但可能不会影响退休移民。”
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引用次数: 0
Fiscal determinants of migration to a fast-growing state: how the aged differ from the general population. 移民到一个快速发展的国家的财政决定因素:老年人与普通人口的区别。
IF 0.9 Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 1995-01-01
A Assadian

"This paper utilizes 1980-89 data on Florida's metropolitan areas to test the hypothesis that fiscal variables have differing influences on the in-migration of the aged as compared to the general population. The model, which is based on the Tiebout hypothesis, tests the role of variables which represent public school-related finances and public assistance.... Consistent with the Teibout theory, the general population is found to prefer high public school-related spending and low taxes. The elderly, in contrast, choose locations where school spending and taxes are low. Nonschool-related taxes positively impact the migration of both groups. Contrary to previous studies, there is evidence of a role, albeit a mostly negative one, for the economic determinants of elderly migration. The possible importance of quality of life influences is also suggested by the findings."

“本文利用1980-89年佛罗里达州大都市地区的数据来检验财政变量对老年人移民的影响与一般人口的影响不同的假设。该模型以Tiebout假设为基础,测试了代表公立学校相关财政和公共援助....的变量的作用与Teibout理论一致的是,一般民众更喜欢与公立学校相关的高支出和低税收。相比之下,老年人则选择教育支出和税收较低的地区。与学校无关的税收对这两个群体的移民都有积极影响。与以前的研究相反,有证据表明,老年人迁移的经济决定因素有一定的作用,尽管主要是消极的作用。研究结果还表明,生活质量的影响可能很重要。”
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Review of Regional Studies
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