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Fourth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design, 2003. Proceedings.最新文献

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Random sampling for on-chip characterization of standard-cell propagation delay 标准细胞传播延迟的片上随机采样表征
Pub Date : 2003-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194707
S. Maggioni, A. Veggetti, A. Bogliolo, L. Croce
We present a methodology for on-chip characterization of the pin-to-pin propagation delay of single standard cells. A periodic waveform is provided to an input pin of the standard cell under characterization, while keeping all other inputs at non-controlling logic values. Simultaneous random sampling is then applied to input and output periodic waveforms, and propagation delay measures are obtained from the joint signal probabilities of the samples. The proposed technique is suitable for on-chip implementation because it is simple and it doesn't require timing-accurate control signals. On the other hand, on-chip measurements can be applied to a large number of cells working in different operating conditions, providing valuable information for characterizing and validating timing models. A test chip has been realized in a 0.18 /spl mu/m embedded NVM CMOS technology, and used to monitor the sub-nanosecond timing behavior of a standard cell library during process development.
我们提出了一种芯片上表征单个标准细胞的引脚到引脚传播延迟的方法。一个周期波形提供给标准单元的一个输入管脚,同时保持所有其他输入在非控制逻辑值。然后对输入和输出周期波形同时进行随机采样,并从样本的联合信号概率中获得传播延迟度量。该方法简单,不需要定时精确的控制信号,适合于片上实现。另一方面,片上测量可以应用于在不同操作条件下工作的大量细胞,为表征和验证时序模型提供有价值的信息。采用0.18 /spl mu/m的嵌入式NVM CMOS技术实现了测试芯片,用于在工艺开发过程中监测标准单元库的亚纳秒时序行为。
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引用次数: 28
IC & package co-design: challenge or dream? 集成电路与封装协同设计:挑战还是梦想?
Pub Date : 2003-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194739
R. Goering, M. Casale-Rossi
In recent years, major breakthroughs have occurred in packaging technology, which have led to the industrialization of several kinds of new packages, more powerful, and yet more flexible, in the attempt to cope with the challenges posed by multi-million gates and multi-GHz systems-on-a-chip (SOC). While offering a great deal of opportunities, ball-grid array (BGA) substrates, flip-chip and multi-stacked dies require an unprecedented level of integration between IC and package design and verification.
近年来,封装技术取得了重大突破,导致了几种更强大、更灵活的新型封装的产业化,以应对数百万门和多ghz系统单片(SOC)带来的挑战。在提供大量机会的同时,球栅阵列(BGA)基板、倒装芯片和多堆叠芯片要求IC与封装设计和验证之间的集成达到前所未有的水平。
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引用次数: 0
Closing the gap between ASIC and full custom: a path to quality design 缩小ASIC和完全定制之间的差距:通往高质量设计的道路
Pub Date : 2003-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194741
M. Reinhardt
Although process technology has shrunk down to nanometer features over the last decade, the gap between ASIC design and full-custom IC design has widened. This gap includes significant differences in performance, price, and profit between the two design styles. It is also revealed by huge differences in quality between the two styles in speed, power distribution and consumption, yield, and reliability, in some cases as much as an order of magnitude. To fully utilize the latest process technologies, a full-custom design approach with the productivity of an ASIC flow is necessary. Michael Reinhardt will start with an analysis of how the gap between ASIC and full-custom design began, and discuss its long-term consequences on the whole industry. He will then show the positive effects on the quality of IC design, and on the chip industry’s economic situation, which can occur if this gap can be closed. He will illustrate possible strategies and solutions for achieving this closure, and how they can be implemented right now in practical ways.
虽然在过去的十年中,工艺技术已经缩小到纳米级,但ASIC设计和全定制IC设计之间的差距已经扩大。这一差距包括两种设计风格在性能、价格和利润上的显著差异。两种风格在速度、功率分配和消耗、产量和可靠性方面的巨大质量差异也揭示了这一点,在某些情况下甚至达到了一个数量级。为了充分利用最新的工艺技术,必须采用具有ASIC流程生产力的完全定制设计方法。Michael Reinhardt将首先分析ASIC和完全定制设计之间的差距是如何开始的,并讨论其对整个行业的长期影响。然后,他将展示如果能够缩小这一差距,将对IC设计质量和芯片行业经济状况产生的积极影响。他将阐述实现这种封闭的可能策略和解决方案,以及如何以实际的方式实施它们。
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引用次数: 2
A VLSI system perspective for microprocessors beyond 90nm 90nm以上微处理器的VLSI系统视角
Pub Date : 2003-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194742
S. Borkar
Microprocessor performance increased by five orders of magnitude in the last three decades. This was made possible by continued technology scaling, improving transistor performance to increase frequency, increasing integration capacity to realize complex architectures, and reducing energy consumed per logic operation to keep power dissipation within limit. The technology treadmill will continue to fulfill the microprocessor performance demand; however, with some adverse effects posing barriers. Therefore, performance at any cost will not be an option; significant improvements in efficiency of transistor utilization will be necessary. This paper will discuss potential solutions in all disciplines, such as microarchitecture, circuits, design technologies & methodologies, thermals, and power delivery to overcome these barriers in technologies beyond 100 nm.
在过去的三十年里,微处理器的性能提高了五个数量级。这是通过持续的技术扩展,提高晶体管性能以提高频率,增加集成能力以实现复杂的架构,以及降低每个逻辑运算的能量消耗以保持功耗在限制内而实现的。技术跑步机将继续满足微处理器的性能需求;然而,有一些不利影响构成障碍。因此,不计任何代价的性能将不是一个选项;晶体管利用效率的显著提高是必要的。本文将讨论所有学科的潜在解决方案,如微架构、电路、设计技术和方法、热学和功率传输,以克服100纳米以上技术中的这些障碍。
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引用次数: 1
Design and use of memory-specific test structures to ensure SRAM yield and manufacturability 设计和使用内存专用测试结构,以确保SRAM的良率和可制造性
Pub Date : 2003-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194719
F. Duan, R. Castagnetti, R. Venkatraman, O. Kobozeva, S. Ramesh
High-density and high-performance single-port and dual-port SRAM increasingly occupy a majority of the chip area in system-on-chip product designs. Therefore, good yieldability and manufacturability of the SRAM are essential. At the same time there is tremendous competitive pressure to get the best SRAM density and performance. We have previously published and presented the industry's smallest and fastest embedded 6T SRAM bitcells in 0.18 /spl mu/m and 130 nm generation standard CMOS process. We have described how these SRAM bitcells are robust by design even while aggressively driving density and performance. In this paper we discuss the design and use of SRAM-specific test structures that have enabled us to quickly evaluate process-design interactions and to fine-tune process and/or design for improving yields and manufacturability. We have designed test structures using our aggressive production bitcell as basis to probe for any possible weaknesses of the process or design in SRAM Results from these SRAM-specific test structures show good correlation to yield results and in-line SEM observations, and enable us to improve SRAM yields quickly. We have also designed SRAM-transistor test structures to characterize the SRAM cell devices in their real working environment. Results help to evaluate the circuit performance and provide us with guidelines for further design improvements. These data when used in the early stage of the development cycle are also useful for model validation.
高密度、高性能的单口和双口SRAM在片上系统产品设计中日益占据大部分的芯片面积。因此,良好的可产性和可制造性是SRAM必不可少的。同时,为了获得最佳的SRAM密度和性能,存在着巨大的竞争压力。我们之前已经发布并展示了业界最小和最快的嵌入式6T SRAM位单元,采用0.18 /spl mu/m和130 nm一代标准CMOS工艺。我们已经描述了这些SRAM位单元是如何在设计上健壮的,即使在积极推动密度和性能的同时。在本文中,我们讨论了sram特定测试结构的设计和使用,这些测试结构使我们能够快速评估工艺设计交互,并微调工艺和/或设计,以提高产量和可制造性。我们设计了测试结构,使用我们积极的生产位单元作为基础,以探测SRAM中任何可能的工艺或设计弱点。这些SRAM特定测试结构的结果与良率结果和在线SEM观察结果显示出良好的相关性,并使我们能够快速提高SRAM良率。我们还设计了SRAM-晶体管测试结构,以表征SRAM单元器件在实际工作环境中的特性。结果有助于评估电路的性能,并为进一步的设计改进提供指导。在开发周期的早期阶段使用这些数据对于模型验证也很有用。
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引用次数: 16
On-chip interconnect inductance - friend or foe 片上互连电感——是敌是友
Pub Date : 2003-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194764
S. Wong, C. Yue, R. Chang, Soyoung Kim, B. Kleveland, F. O’Mahony
Inductance associated with on-chip wires can no longer be ignored as chip operation frequencies increase into GHz regime. Because the magnetic field propagates a very long range, the extraction of wire inductance is not just dependent on the immediate neighboring environment. This paper discusses the various difficulties of extracting inductance of randomly placed wires in a typical chip environment. With dedicated return path, the wire inductance can be controlled and benefit the design of high-speed circuits. Specific examples are illustrated.
当芯片工作频率增加到千兆赫时,与片上导线相关的电感不能再被忽略。由于磁场的传播范围很长,导线电感的提取不仅依赖于直接邻近的环境。本文讨论了在典型的芯片环境中提取随机放置导线电感的各种困难。通过专用回路,可以控制导线电感,有利于高速电路的设计。给出了具体的例子。
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引用次数: 8
Benchmarks for interconnect parasitic resistance and capacitance 互连寄生电阻和电容的基准
Pub Date : 2003-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194726
N. Nagaraj, T. Bonifield, Abha Singh, F. Cano, U. Narasimha, M. Kulkarni, P. Balsara, C. Cantrell
Interconnect parasitics are dominating circuit performance, signal integrity and reliability in IC design. Copper/low-k process effects are becoming increasingly important to accurately model interconnect parasitics. Even if the interconnect process profile is accurately represented, approximations in parasitic extraction could cause large errors. Typically, researchers and designers have been using pre-defined set of structures to validate the accuracy of interconnect models and parasitic extraction tools. Unlike industry benchmarks on circuits such as MCNC benchmarks, no benchmarks exist for interconnect parasitics. This paper discusses the issues in accurate interconnect modeling for 130 nm and below copper/ultra low-k technologies. A set of benchmark structures that could be used to validate accuracy and compare parasitic extraction tools is proposed. Silicon results from 130 nm technology are presented to illustrate the usefulness of these benchmarks. Results of application of these benchmarks to compare parasitic extraction tools are presented to demonstrate systematic validation of resistance and capacitance extraction.
在集成电路设计中,互连寄生对电路性能、信号完整性和可靠性起着举足轻重的作用。铜/低k工艺效应对于准确模拟互连寄生变得越来越重要。即使互连过程轮廓被准确地表示,寄生提取中的近似也可能导致很大的误差。通常,研究人员和设计人员一直在使用预定义的结构集来验证互连模型和寄生提取工具的准确性。与MCNC基准等电路的行业基准不同,互连寄生的基准不存在。本文讨论了130纳米及以下铜/超低k技术的精确互连建模问题。提出了一组可用于验证精度和比较寄生提取工具的基准结构。介绍了130纳米技术的硅结果,以说明这些基准的有用性。应用这些基准来比较寄生提取工具的结果,以展示电阻和电容提取的系统验证。
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引用次数: 22
True coverage: a goal of verification 真实覆盖:验证的目标
Pub Date : 2003-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194712
G. Feierbach, Vijay Gupta
There are a number of RTL coverage tools on the market today that essentially tells you only that a set of signals has been toggled by a particular diagnostic test. This is useful in showing what areas of the RTL design are definitely not covered by the diagnostic test but tells you very little about the set of signals that have been toggled. In an extreme case a diagnostic test may fail to fail when anyone of these signals are in error. The following is a strategy for examining the coverage indicated by a commercial coverage testing software package and obtaining a truer picture of a diagnostic test's real coverage. This concept is extended to a full regression test suite.
目前市场上有许多RTL覆盖工具,它们基本上只告诉您特定诊断测试已切换了一组信号。这在显示RTL设计的哪些区域肯定没有被诊断测试覆盖时很有用,但对于已切换的信号集,它告诉您的信息很少。在极端情况下,当这些信号中的任何一个出错时,诊断测试都可能失败。以下是一个策略,用于检查由商业覆盖测试软件包指示的覆盖,并获得诊断测试的真实覆盖的更真实的图像。这个概念被扩展到一个完整的回归测试套件。
{"title":"True coverage: a goal of verification","authors":"G. Feierbach, Vijay Gupta","doi":"10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194712","url":null,"abstract":"There are a number of RTL coverage tools on the market today that essentially tells you only that a set of signals has been toggled by a particular diagnostic test. This is useful in showing what areas of the RTL design are definitely not covered by the diagnostic test but tells you very little about the set of signals that have been toggled. In an extreme case a diagnostic test may fail to fail when anyone of these signals are in error. The following is a strategy for examining the coverage indicated by a commercial coverage testing software package and obtaining a truer picture of a diagnostic test's real coverage. This concept is extended to a full regression test suite.","PeriodicalId":448890,"journal":{"name":"Fourth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design, 2003. Proceedings.","volume":"369 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115967364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
PDL: a new physical synthesis methodology PDL:一种新的物理合成方法
Pub Date : 2003-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194757
Toshiyuki Shibuya, R. Murgai, T. Konno, Kazuhiro Emi, Kaoru Kawamura
In this paper, we propose a new physical synthesis methodology, PDL, which relaxes the timing constraints to obtain best optimality in terms of layout quality and timing quality. It provides a common database for delay calculation, logic optimization, placement, and routing tools so that they can work and interact closely. We present results on industrial circuits showing the efficacy of this methodology.
在本文中,我们提出了一种新的物理合成方法PDL,该方法放松了时间约束,以获得布局质量和时间质量的最优性。它为延迟计算、逻辑优化、布局和路由工具提供了一个公共数据库,使它们能够紧密地工作和交互。我们提出的结果在工业电路显示这种方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Platform leadership in the ambient intelligence era 环境智能时代的平台领导
Pub Date : 2003-03-24 DOI: 10.1109/ISQED.2003.1194701
B. Payne
Design reuse has become essential to cope with the ever-increasing design complexity. IP level reuse alone has proven insufficient. Platform based design allows the validation of a robust combination of IP blocks and provides a reference HW and SW baseline which can be supported with an integrated development environment. Several years ago we transitioned into the streaming data era with most systems serving as content generation appliances, content consumption appliances or content distribution equipment. Now we have entered the age of ambient intelligence where the streaming data is served up through wireless links. What will platform leadership look like in this new era? How will the SoC infrastructure change as we move to 90nm technology with more than 30M gate per square centimeter integration capacity? How are usage patterns changing and what represents the killer application that enhances the users quality of life by enabling more advanced interaction with the ambient intelligence? What is it going to take to make a step function improvement in system level design productivity? What happens when power optimization becomes the dominant design consideration? What about SoC affordability? What will the SoC design of the future look like? These are just some of the thought provoking issues that will be addressed in Bob Payne’s keynote.
设计重用已成为应对日益增加的设计复杂性的必要条件。单是IP级别的重用已被证明是不够的。基于平台的设计允许验证IP块的健壮组合,并提供一个集成开发环境支持的参考硬件和软件基线。几年前,我们过渡到流数据时代,大多数系统作为内容生成设备、内容消费设备或内容分发设备。现在我们已经进入了环境智能时代,流数据通过无线链路提供。在这个新时代,平台领导力会是什么样子?当我们转向90纳米技术,每平方厘米集成容量超过30M栅极时,SoC基础设施将如何变化?使用模式是如何变化的?通过与环境智能进行更高级的交互来提高用户生活质量的杀手级应用是什么?怎样才能逐步提高系统级设计的效率?当电源优化成为主要的设计考虑因素时会发生什么?SoC的可负担性如何?未来的SoC设计会是什么样子?这些都是一些发人深省的问题,这些问题将在Bob Payne的主题演讲中讨论。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Fourth International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design, 2003. Proceedings.
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