Bien que les thematiques soient proches, il ne faut pas cherche dans ce nouvel ouvrage de R. Brunet une forme de mise a jour ou d'addendum a son precedent Tresor du terroir. Alors que ce dernier etait une sorte de dictionnaire des toponymes, structure en fonction du sens et des references des noms de lieux (Brunet, 2016), l'auteur choisit ici de nous faire voyager par le prisme de l'organisation territoriale francaise. Des le premier chapitre, l'auteur mobilise son expertise sur la structure ...
虽然主题相似，但R. Brunet的这本新书不应寻求对其前身Tresor du terroir的某种形式的更新或增编。虽然后者是一种地名词典，根据地名的意义和参考结构(Brunet, 2016)，作者选择让我们通过法国领土组织的棱镜旅行。从第一章开始，作者运用了他在结构方面的专业知识……
{"title":"Brunet R., 2021, Nouveaux territoires, nouveaux noms de la France. Paris, France, Hermann, 237 pages","authors":"Gabriel Bideau","doi":"10.4000/CYBERGEO.37325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/CYBERGEO.37325","url":null,"abstract":"Bien que les thematiques soient proches, il ne faut pas cherche dans ce nouvel ouvrage de R. Brunet une forme de mise a jour ou d'addendum a son precedent Tresor du terroir. Alors que ce dernier etait une sorte de dictionnaire des toponymes, structure en fonction du sens et des references des noms de lieux (Brunet, 2016), l'auteur choisit ici de nous faire voyager par le prisme de l'organisation territoriale francaise. Des le premier chapitre, l'auteur mobilise son expertise sur la structure ...","PeriodicalId":44890,"journal":{"name":"CyberGeo-European Journal of Geography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42748706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides the very first appraisal of the extent of dhow shipping networks and their transport capacity around the Arabian Peninsula (in the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea) and the level of interconnection between dhow and containerized shipping. Dhows have a characteristic ogival-shaped wooden hull and a decorated superstructure at the stern. With a modest transport capacity ranging from 200 tons to more than 2,000 tons for the largest, dhows stay below the radars of academic research. Yet, compiled satellite pictures using Google-Earth allow a census to be conducted of dhows along coastlines and to measure their transport capacity and the extent of their network. The article starts with a short survey of the existing literature, and then presents the methodological framework of the study. It tests the spatial complementarity/duality of dhow networks with normal maritime networks (i.e. mainly containerized shipping lines), so as to understand the economic conditions of dhows’ survival. Next, it shows that the embeddedness of dhow ports in cities is also part of the explanation of surviving dhow trade. A concluding discussion tackles the necessity of normalization interfaces when a standardized transport network is interconnected with a local traditional transport network in a port.
{"title":"The Complementarity between Dhow Shipping Networks and Standard Shipping Lines in the Gulfs of Persia, Oman and Aden","authors":"E. Lendjel, Nora Mareï","doi":"10.4000/cybergeo.37025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.37025","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides the very first appraisal of the extent of dhow shipping networks and their transport capacity around the Arabian Peninsula (in the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea) and the level of interconnection between dhow and containerized shipping. Dhows have a characteristic ogival-shaped wooden hull and a decorated superstructure at the stern. With a modest transport capacity ranging from 200 tons to more than 2,000 tons for the largest, dhows stay below the radars of academic research. Yet, compiled satellite pictures using Google-Earth allow a census to be conducted of dhows along coastlines and to measure their transport capacity and the extent of their network. The article starts with a short survey of the existing literature, and then presents the methodological framework of the study. It tests the spatial complementarity/duality of dhow networks with normal maritime networks (i.e. mainly containerized shipping lines), so as to understand the economic conditions of dhows’ survival. Next, it shows that the embeddedness of dhow ports in cities is also part of the explanation of surviving dhow trade. A concluding discussion tackles the necessity of normalization interfaces when a standardized transport network is interconnected with a local traditional transport network in a port.","PeriodicalId":44890,"journal":{"name":"CyberGeo-European Journal of Geography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46906843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Les odonymes, ou noms des voies de circulation, comportent une richesse linguistique importante en France. Ils presentent habituellement deux parties, l’une "generique" (rue, place, avenue…) a portee generale et l’autre "specifique" qui associe un nom a la premiere. Ainsi constitues, les odonymes sont les temoins d’une geographie sous-jacente dont il est interessant d’observer l’organisation. En 2018, on trouve en France environ 28,5 millions d’adresses geolocalisees dans la Base Adresse Nationale (BAN). De cette derniere, nous avons extrait 2,33 millions d’odonymes dans les communes de France. Une methodologie innovante, utilisant le traitement automatique du langage naturel et la creation d’une ontologie des 448 generiques, a permis de faire un etiquetage puis un decoupage morpho-syntaxique de ces odonymes et d’en constituer une base de donnees geolocalisee coherente et homogene. Une etude cartographique de la repartition des generiques dans l’espace francais a l’echelle des departements est ensuite realisee. Elle montre, contre toute attente, que leur repartition est loin d’etre homogene, y compris pour les plus courants d’entre eux comme "rue".
{"title":"Trente millions d'adresses : boulevards et impasses d'une recherche sur la complexité lexicale et spatiale des odonymes","authors":"Dominique Badariotti, Fabien Pfaender, J. Pinol","doi":"10.4000/cybergeo.36989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.36989","url":null,"abstract":"Les odonymes, ou noms des voies de circulation, comportent une richesse linguistique importante en France. Ils presentent habituellement deux parties, l’une \"generique\" (rue, place, avenue…) a portee generale et l’autre \"specifique\" qui associe un nom a la premiere. Ainsi constitues, les odonymes sont les temoins d’une geographie sous-jacente dont il est interessant d’observer l’organisation. En 2018, on trouve en France environ 28,5 millions d’adresses geolocalisees dans la Base Adresse Nationale (BAN). De cette derniere, nous avons extrait 2,33 millions d’odonymes dans les communes de France. Une methodologie innovante, utilisant le traitement automatique du langage naturel et la creation d’une ontologie des 448 generiques, a permis de faire un etiquetage puis un decoupage morpho-syntaxique de ces odonymes et d’en constituer une base de donnees geolocalisee coherente et homogene. Une etude cartographique de la repartition des generiques dans l’espace francais a l’echelle des departements est ensuite realisee. Elle montre, contre toute attente, que leur repartition est loin d’etre homogene, y compris pour les plus courants d’entre eux comme \"rue\".","PeriodicalId":44890,"journal":{"name":"CyberGeo-European Journal of Geography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45181917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As part of a broader multidisciplinary research project dealing with the association between health and green/blue environments, this paper aims at exploring the spatial variation of medication reimbursements within Belgium. These data were potentially and a priori considered as a proxy for health. This paper is purely exploratory: statistical maps, correlations, PCAs and cluster analyses corroborate the results. Five groups of medications prescribed for health disorders associated with the environment have been selected. We show that – at the level of the municipalities – the spatial distributions of the five medication groups are positively correlated to each other (medication consumption co-vary positively in space, whatever their type), but are independent of the environmental and socio-economic conditions measured. Against our expectation, they prove to be negatively correlated to air pollution and green spaces. Strikingly, the spatial distribution of medication prescriptions follows the linguistic border between Flanders and Wallonia. This implies that the observed differences are mainly due to administrative/political regional differences in terms of health policies, medical schools, pharmaceutical commercial activities, etc. that are hard to quantify (no data, diversity of actors) but should be taken into account in any further explanatory model. Medication reimbursements data correspond to a new type of data, and despite their potential attractiveness for health analyses, extreme care has to be taken when interpreting their spatial variation and their link to health.
{"title":"Geography of medication reimbursements in Belgium: an exploratory analysis","authors":"Sonia Trabelsi, L. C. Ruiz, B. Nemery, I. Thomas","doi":"10.4000/cybergeo.36950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.36950","url":null,"abstract":"As part of a broader multidisciplinary research project dealing with the association between health and green/blue environments, this paper aims at exploring the spatial variation of medication reimbursements within Belgium. These data were potentially and a priori considered as a proxy for health. This paper is purely exploratory: statistical maps, correlations, PCAs and cluster analyses corroborate the results. Five groups of medications prescribed for health disorders associated with the environment have been selected. We show that – at the level of the municipalities – the spatial distributions of the five medication groups are positively correlated to each other (medication consumption co-vary positively in space, whatever their type), but are independent of the environmental and socio-economic conditions measured. Against our expectation, they prove to be negatively correlated to air pollution and green spaces. Strikingly, the spatial distribution of medication prescriptions follows the linguistic border between Flanders and Wallonia. This implies that the observed differences are mainly due to administrative/political regional differences in terms of health policies, medical schools, pharmaceutical commercial activities, etc. that are hard to quantify (no data, diversity of actors) but should be taken into account in any further explanatory model. Medication reimbursements data correspond to a new type of data, and despite their potential attractiveness for health analyses, extreme care has to be taken when interpreting their spatial variation and their link to health.","PeriodicalId":44890,"journal":{"name":"CyberGeo-European Journal of Geography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43245319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cet article examine les effets de differents scenarios de localisations residentielles periurbaines sur les emissions de CO2 liees a la mobilite quotidienne. Ces scenarios sont etudies sur deux territoires periurbains assez contrastes, l’un dependant d’une metropole dont l’aire urbaine compte 2,3 millions d’habitants (Lyon) et l’autre d’une metropole un peu moins peuplee et au dynamisme different (Strasbourg). Les scenarios etudies portent une attention particuliere aux politiques de polarisation de l’urbanisation, faisant l’hypothese qu’en matiere d’urbanisme et d’amenagement, l’enjeu est moins dans la densification que dans la localisation residentielle. Il apparait que les effets de la concentration de la population sur quelques poles periurbains sont singulierement limites du point de vue de la reduction des emissions de CO2. Ces faibles performances, cumulees aux couts sociaux et politiques de leur realisation eventuelle, rendent ces scenarios peu pertinents pour la decarbonation de la mobilite quotidienne, surtout en comparaison des effets potentiels des politiques centrees sur les comportements de mobilite. Ces dernieres permettent en effet d’atteindre les objectifs de decarbonation de la mobilite dans le periurbain sans remettre massivement en cause la structure heritee de l’urbanisation en France. L’article s’interroge pour finir sur le role potentiel de l’amenagement dans la mise en œuvre de telles politiques centrees sur la mobilite.
{"title":"Tous en ville ! Faut-il empêcher l’émiettement périurbain pour décarboner la mobilité ?","authors":"C. Raux, Eric Charmes","doi":"10.4000/CYBERGEO.36910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/CYBERGEO.36910","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article examine les effets de differents scenarios de localisations residentielles periurbaines sur les emissions de CO2 liees a la mobilite quotidienne. Ces scenarios sont etudies sur deux territoires periurbains assez contrastes, l’un dependant d’une metropole dont l’aire urbaine compte 2,3 millions d’habitants (Lyon) et l’autre d’une metropole un peu moins peuplee et au dynamisme different (Strasbourg). Les scenarios etudies portent une attention particuliere aux politiques de polarisation de l’urbanisation, faisant l’hypothese qu’en matiere d’urbanisme et d’amenagement, l’enjeu est moins dans la densification que dans la localisation residentielle. Il apparait que les effets de la concentration de la population sur quelques poles periurbains sont singulierement limites du point de vue de la reduction des emissions de CO2. Ces faibles performances, cumulees aux couts sociaux et politiques de leur realisation eventuelle, rendent ces scenarios peu pertinents pour la decarbonation de la mobilite quotidienne, surtout en comparaison des effets potentiels des politiques centrees sur les comportements de mobilite. Ces dernieres permettent en effet d’atteindre les objectifs de decarbonation de la mobilite dans le periurbain sans remettre massivement en cause la structure heritee de l’urbanisation en France. L’article s’interroge pour finir sur le role potentiel de l’amenagement dans la mise en œuvre de telles politiques centrees sur la mobilite.","PeriodicalId":44890,"journal":{"name":"CyberGeo-European Journal of Geography","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79364640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cet article examine le role des agences d’urbanisme dans un urbain metropolise qui fait du developpement numerique un nouvel objectif politique. Il repositionne les agences d’urbanisme parmi les differents appuis en ingenierie publique et privee a l’adresse des metropoles et agglomerations engagees dans une strategie "Smart City". L’article montre qu’il existe une grande diversite de niveaux d’engagement des agences, allant d’une volonte de porter les dossiers au plus pres des acteurs jusqu’a un certain evitement du sujet juge peu prioritaire malgre l’engagement croissant des collectivites partenaires. Un classement national de l’investissement sur la periode 2010-2018 est ici propose. L’article decrypte les raisons qui expliquent ce niveau differencie de prise en compte et avance quelques arguments sur un prochain renforcement des agences en la matiere.
{"title":"La prise en compte du numérique par les agences d’urbanisme : évaluation de la situation française","authors":"P. Vidal, M. Gauthier","doi":"10.4000/CYBERGEO.36839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/CYBERGEO.36839","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article examine le role des agences d’urbanisme dans un urbain metropolise qui fait du developpement numerique un nouvel objectif politique. Il repositionne les agences d’urbanisme parmi les differents appuis en ingenierie publique et privee a l’adresse des metropoles et agglomerations engagees dans une strategie \"Smart City\". L’article montre qu’il existe une grande diversite de niveaux d’engagement des agences, allant d’une volonte de porter les dossiers au plus pres des acteurs jusqu’a un certain evitement du sujet juge peu prioritaire malgre l’engagement croissant des collectivites partenaires. Un classement national de l’investissement sur la periode 2010-2018 est ici propose. L’article decrypte les raisons qui expliquent ce niveau differencie de prise en compte et avance quelques arguments sur un prochain renforcement des agences en la matiere.","PeriodicalId":44890,"journal":{"name":"CyberGeo-European Journal of Geography","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87523135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ce manuel est le dernier ne d’une serie d’ouvrages recents sur la geographie de l’environnement francaise. Dirige par Simon Dufour et Laurent Lespez, il complete la Political Ecology a la francaise par une approche plus physique qui s’interesse avant tout aux processus biophysiques. Il se reclame donc de la Critical Physical Geography, et propose une perspective differente du recent Chartier et Rodary (2016), Manifeste pour une geographie environnementale. Ce dernier repondait a l’ouvrage tre...
这本手册是最近关于法国环境地理的一系列著作中的最后一本。在西蒙·杜福尔(Simon Dufour)和洛朗·勒斯佩兹(Laurent Lespez)的指导下，他以一种更物理的方法完成了《法国政治生态学》(french Political Ecology)，主要关注生物物理过程。因此，它使用了关键的物理地理，并提出了一个不同的视角，最近的Chartier和Rodary(2016)，环境地理宣言。后者回应了tre…
{"title":"Dufour S., Lespez L., (dir.) 2020, Géographie de l’environnement. La nature au temps de l’Anthropocène, Paris, A. Colin, Coll. U, 288 p.","authors":"Emilie Lavie","doi":"10.4000/CYBERGEO.36824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/CYBERGEO.36824","url":null,"abstract":"Ce manuel est le dernier ne d’une serie d’ouvrages recents sur la geographie de l’environnement francaise. Dirige par Simon Dufour et Laurent Lespez, il complete la Political Ecology a la francaise par une approche plus physique qui s’interesse avant tout aux processus biophysiques. Il se reclame donc de la Critical Physical Geography, et propose une perspective differente du recent Chartier et Rodary (2016), Manifeste pour une geographie environnementale. Ce dernier repondait a l’ouvrage tre...","PeriodicalId":44890,"journal":{"name":"CyberGeo-European Journal of Geography","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81788881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.48088/EJG.P.TSA.12.1.019.036
Pavlos Tsagkis, Y. Photis
Fear of crime is a social phenomenon that mainly affects the population of urban communities and it is recognized as an issue by both the academic community and society itself. To study the phenomenon, it is necessary to collect primary data, either using traditional data collection methods or using well-established online questionnaires. This paper describes the process and architecture of developing an interactive data survey, analysis, and geovisualization web-based platform to support online questionnaires and surveys, related to the urban fear of crime. The main goal is to provide tools and utilities for researchers, journalists, groups or individuals, interested in the scientific aspect of fear of crime, to collect related data and analyze them within a common interface. The fear of crime platform utilizes a client-server Web-GIS application that gives access to a worldwide spatial database. As the fear of crime platform is a dynamic ecosystem that grows up every day, this database is also growing proportionally by individuals around the world. The project’s development is accessible at the following web address: www.fearofcrime.com
{"title":"Perceived safety and fear of crime: A web-based GIS platform.","authors":"Pavlos Tsagkis, Y. Photis","doi":"10.48088/EJG.P.TSA.12.1.019.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48088/EJG.P.TSA.12.1.019.036","url":null,"abstract":"Fear of crime is a social phenomenon that mainly affects the population of urban communities and it is recognized as an issue by both the academic community and society itself. To study the phenomenon, it is necessary to collect primary data, either using traditional data collection methods or using well-established online questionnaires. This paper describes the process and architecture of developing an interactive data survey, analysis, and geovisualization web-based platform to support online questionnaires and surveys, related to the urban fear of crime. The main goal is to provide tools and utilities for researchers, journalists, groups or individuals, interested in the scientific aspect of fear of crime, to collect related data and analyze them within a common interface. The fear of crime platform utilizes a client-server Web-GIS application that gives access to a worldwide spatial database. As the fear of crime platform is a dynamic ecosystem that grows up every day, this database is also growing proportionally by individuals around the world. The project’s development is accessible at the following web address: www.fearofcrime.com","PeriodicalId":44890,"journal":{"name":"CyberGeo-European Journal of Geography","volume":"34 1","pages":"11761-11766"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85378876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.48088/EJG.A.MIK.12.1.006.018
Andrey Sergeevich Mikhaylov, V. Gorochnaya
Coastal cities are the focus of academic research for being the attractors of a significant share of human, entrepreneurial, and financial resources. The advanced development of coastal territories is a widely known phenomenon called coastalization. Given the favourability of coastal zones, we assume that human intelligence accumulated in coastal cities greatly increases their intellectual capital, strengthening the knowledge production capability. Our focus is on academic knowledge, which is an important input to a territorial intellectual capital that drives innovation development via knowledge commercialization. We aim at testing the hypothesis on the superiority of coastal over the inland type of cities by their capacity to generate knowledge. The study sample is 479 cities of 10 countries located in the Baltic region with different levels of socio-economic and innovative development. Spatial scientometrics is applied as a research method for processing a large volume of bibliometric data. Research results indicate significant differences between coastal cities in their ability to undertake research and produce knowledge. Coastalization has not proven to be a determining factor for academic productivity. The overall level of innovation development of the country and the functional role of the city has a greater impact. The advantages of the coastal position are related to unique marine-related research developed in coastal cities and agglomerations with an enabling atmosphere for academic knowledge production.
{"title":"Divergence of coastal cities in the Baltic region by knowledge production capabilities","authors":"Andrey Sergeevich Mikhaylov, V. Gorochnaya","doi":"10.48088/EJG.A.MIK.12.1.006.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48088/EJG.A.MIK.12.1.006.018","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal cities are the focus of academic research for being the attractors of a significant share of human, entrepreneurial, and financial resources. The advanced development of coastal territories is a widely known phenomenon called coastalization. Given the favourability of coastal zones, we assume that human intelligence accumulated in coastal cities greatly increases their intellectual capital, strengthening the knowledge production capability. Our focus is on academic knowledge, which is an important input to a territorial intellectual capital that drives innovation development via knowledge commercialization. We aim at testing the hypothesis on the superiority of coastal over the inland type of cities by their capacity to generate knowledge. The study sample is 479 cities of 10 countries located in the Baltic region with different levels of socio-economic and innovative development. Spatial scientometrics is applied as a research method for processing a large volume of bibliometric data. Research results indicate significant differences between coastal cities in their ability to undertake research and produce knowledge. Coastalization has not proven to be a determining factor for academic productivity. The overall level of innovation development of the country and the functional role of the city has a greater impact. The advantages of the coastal position are related to unique marine-related research developed in coastal cities and agglomerations with an enabling atmosphere for academic knowledge production.","PeriodicalId":44890,"journal":{"name":"CyberGeo-European Journal of Geography","volume":"9 1","pages":"11761-11766"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87704410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last two decades, a wide range of geographical tools including the calculation of landscape metrics were transposed to ecological studies to build models for land-use dynamics. Currently, few studies have evaluated the biases which can occur during the rasterization step which could influence the results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of dataset rasterization on area and perimeter variables, which are frequently used to calculate landscape indices, according to (i) the rasterization cell size and (ii) the shape of geographic features. The Urban Atlas 2006 dataset focused on Bas-Rhin department (France) was used as a vector reference layer. Rasterization was performed for various cell sizes to evaluate the influence of spatial resolution on the errors injected into shape descriptors. Five morphological metrics were calculated for all geographic features. For the first time, a UMAP algorithm was performed to relate the rasterization relative errors at all spatial resolutions with morphological attributes. Results showed that low values of area errors were obtained for cell sizes lower than 5 m ( 10%) with an overestimation tendency. For cell sizes greater to 10 m, overestimations and underestimations were occurring according to the shape of geographic features. This study showed that sensitivity analyses must be performed before any study carried out on landscape changes estimation to define the best raster cell size as function to the morphological attributes of the geographic features, the predefined error threshold.
{"title":"Biases in morphological landscape features: challenges for environmental purposes in GIScience and related fields","authors":"V. Chardon, Q. Poterek, C. Staentzel","doi":"10.4000/CYBERGEO.36770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/CYBERGEO.36770","url":null,"abstract":"During the last two decades, a wide range of geographical tools including the calculation of landscape metrics were transposed to ecological studies to build models for land-use dynamics. Currently, few studies have evaluated the biases which can occur during the rasterization step which could influence the results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of dataset rasterization on area and perimeter variables, which are frequently used to calculate landscape indices, according to (i) the rasterization cell size and (ii) the shape of geographic features. The Urban Atlas 2006 dataset focused on Bas-Rhin department (France) was used as a vector reference layer. Rasterization was performed for various cell sizes to evaluate the influence of spatial resolution on the errors injected into shape descriptors. Five morphological metrics were calculated for all geographic features. For the first time, a UMAP algorithm was performed to relate the rasterization relative errors at all spatial resolutions with morphological attributes. Results showed that low values of area errors were obtained for cell sizes lower than 5 m ( 10%) with an overestimation tendency. For cell sizes greater to 10 m, overestimations and underestimations were occurring according to the shape of geographic features. This study showed that sensitivity analyses must be performed before any study carried out on landscape changes estimation to define the best raster cell size as function to the morphological attributes of the geographic features, the predefined error threshold.","PeriodicalId":44890,"journal":{"name":"CyberGeo-European Journal of Geography","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77848159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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