Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1142/s1793984422500040
Dipan Bandyopadhyay, S. Nag, D. Das, Srikanta Acharya, B. Tudu, P. Pramanik, R. Bandyopadhyay, R. B. Roy
An electrochemical detection of inositol content using platinum (Pt)-based noble metal electrode is investigated. In this work, the electrochemical behavior of the platinum electrode has been studied and analyzed using a three-electrode system against a silver–silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode and a steel counter electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry technique has been employed for this experimental study. A satisfactory linear range of operation was obtained from 50 to 400[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M with [Formula: see text]M. Electrochemical responses for several inositol concentrations 50, 80, 100, 200, 300 and 400[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M have also been analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) with effective data clustering. A good class separability index (SI) was found to be 142.91. In addition, a prediction estimation of inositol contents using partial least square regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR) algorithms were also evaluated and prediction accuracies of 93.69% and 93.71% were obtained, respectively. Moreover, the application of the Pt electrode over real orange juice sample extracts revealed satisfactory recovery rate of 96.18%. Thus, this technique of electrochemical system may be subjected for inositol detection in our daily-life food (especially juice, beverages) consumption.
{"title":"Voltammetric Detection of Inositol Using a Platinum Based Electrode","authors":"Dipan Bandyopadhyay, S. Nag, D. Das, Srikanta Acharya, B. Tudu, P. Pramanik, R. Bandyopadhyay, R. B. Roy","doi":"10.1142/s1793984422500040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793984422500040","url":null,"abstract":"An electrochemical detection of inositol content using platinum (Pt)-based noble metal electrode is investigated. In this work, the electrochemical behavior of the platinum electrode has been studied and analyzed using a three-electrode system against a silver–silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode and a steel counter electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry technique has been employed for this experimental study. A satisfactory linear range of operation was obtained from 50 to 400[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M with [Formula: see text]M. Electrochemical responses for several inositol concentrations 50, 80, 100, 200, 300 and 400[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M have also been analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) with effective data clustering. A good class separability index (SI) was found to be 142.91. In addition, a prediction estimation of inositol contents using partial least square regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR) algorithms were also evaluated and prediction accuracies of 93.69% and 93.71% were obtained, respectively. Moreover, the application of the Pt electrode over real orange juice sample extracts revealed satisfactory recovery rate of 96.18%. Thus, this technique of electrochemical system may be subjected for inositol detection in our daily-life food (especially juice, beverages) consumption.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46510081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.1142/s1793984422500015
Swati Singh, P. Chaudhary, Sunanda Singh, Vandana Verma, R. Srivastava, R. K. Tripathi, Kaman Singh, B. Yadav
This paper deals with the facile approach to the synthesis of different metal oxide nanoparticles and their comparative study for humidity sensing application at room temperature. The synthesis of these metal oxide nanoparticles is through co-precipitation method for nickel oxide and tin ferrite and hydrothermal route for cuprous oxide. The SEM and EDX reveal the porous morphology and confirmed composition of the synthesized metal oxides. FTIR detects the presence of functional groups like –OH and confirms the inverse spinal structure in tin ferrite. The optical band gap was determined by UV spectroscopy: 3.86[Formula: see text]eV for NiO, 4.13[Formula: see text]eV for Cu2O, and 4.07[Formula: see text]eV for SnFe2O4. XRD gives the information about the average crystallite size for tin ferrite 2.42[Formula: see text]nm, cuprous oxide 12.88[Formula: see text]nm and nickel oxide 22.51[Formula: see text]nm as the size comes to nano range the surface area increases, which is a good indication for humidity sensing. The humidity sensing of materials was detected by electrical modes. The deposited thin films were prepared by spin coater and observed sensitivity of these films was 0.72[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text]/%RH for NiO, 1.59[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text]/%RH for Cu2O, and 2.07[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text]/%RH for SnFe2O4. The experiments were repeated after few weeks and the aging effects of samples were found negligible which makes the sensor stable.
{"title":"Investigation on Metal Nanoparticles: Nickel Oxide, Cuprous Oxide and Tin Ferrite with Their Humidity Sensing at Room Temperature","authors":"Swati Singh, P. Chaudhary, Sunanda Singh, Vandana Verma, R. Srivastava, R. K. Tripathi, Kaman Singh, B. Yadav","doi":"10.1142/s1793984422500015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793984422500015","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the facile approach to the synthesis of different metal oxide nanoparticles and their comparative study for humidity sensing application at room temperature. The synthesis of these metal oxide nanoparticles is through co-precipitation method for nickel oxide and tin ferrite and hydrothermal route for cuprous oxide. The SEM and EDX reveal the porous morphology and confirmed composition of the synthesized metal oxides. FTIR detects the presence of functional groups like –OH and confirms the inverse spinal structure in tin ferrite. The optical band gap was determined by UV spectroscopy: 3.86[Formula: see text]eV for NiO, 4.13[Formula: see text]eV for Cu2O, and 4.07[Formula: see text]eV for SnFe2O4. XRD gives the information about the average crystallite size for tin ferrite 2.42[Formula: see text]nm, cuprous oxide 12.88[Formula: see text]nm and nickel oxide 22.51[Formula: see text]nm as the size comes to nano range the surface area increases, which is a good indication for humidity sensing. The humidity sensing of materials was detected by electrical modes. The deposited thin films were prepared by spin coater and observed sensitivity of these films was 0.72[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text]/%RH for NiO, 1.59[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text]/%RH for Cu2O, and 2.07[Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text]/%RH for SnFe2O4. The experiments were repeated after few weeks and the aging effects of samples were found negligible which makes the sensor stable.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43039355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.1142/s1793984422500039
Ginia Ghosh, S. Misra, P. Karmakar
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a tumor suppressor protein with dual phosphatase activity, is found to be frequently mutated in various cancers. PTEN is post-translationally modulated at various amino acid residues which are crucial for sub-cellular localization as well as its catalytic functions rendering genomic stability. Recent reports suggest that PTEN also acts as a DNA repair protein. But how post-translational modulation of PTEN affects cytological damage and aneuploidy is not studied in detail. Here, we focus on the role of sumoylation of PTEN in context with DNA damage induced cytological damage like micronucleus (MNi), nuclear bud (NB), and nuclear bridge formation. Our data suggest that wild type PTEN but not sumo-dead PTEN significantly reduces cytological damage in PTEN mutant PC3 cells. In case of sumo-dead PTEN, the cytological parameters are increased during 24[Formula: see text]h recovery time point after DNA damage. Next, we measured the effectiveness of the sumo-dead (PTEN-K254R) mutant on aneuploidy, where we found that sumoylation is essential for maintaining chromosome number. As chromosome number variation in daughter cell is due to multiple spindle pole formation, we qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the [Formula: see text] tubulin pole formation in PTEN-K254R clone transfected cells. We found aberrant pole formation is significantly increased in PTEN-K254R transfected cells compared to wild-type PTEN. Further depletion of sumoylation activity of PTEN increases the expression of phosphorylated form of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) (T288) and PLK1 (T210) proteins with or without nocodazole, a microtubule depolymerizing agent compared to cells expressing wild-type PTEN. Thus, sumoylation of PTEN is essential for maintaining genomic stability.
{"title":"PTEN: Sumoylation Function is the Key to the Maintenance of Genomic Stability of Cell","authors":"Ginia Ghosh, S. Misra, P. Karmakar","doi":"10.1142/s1793984422500039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793984422500039","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a tumor suppressor protein with dual phosphatase activity, is found to be frequently mutated in various cancers. PTEN is post-translationally modulated at various amino acid residues which are crucial for sub-cellular localization as well as its catalytic functions rendering genomic stability. Recent reports suggest that PTEN also acts as a DNA repair protein. But how post-translational modulation of PTEN affects cytological damage and aneuploidy is not studied in detail. Here, we focus on the role of sumoylation of PTEN in context with DNA damage induced cytological damage like micronucleus (MNi), nuclear bud (NB), and nuclear bridge formation. Our data suggest that wild type PTEN but not sumo-dead PTEN significantly reduces cytological damage in PTEN mutant PC3 cells. In case of sumo-dead PTEN, the cytological parameters are increased during 24[Formula: see text]h recovery time point after DNA damage. Next, we measured the effectiveness of the sumo-dead (PTEN-K254R) mutant on aneuploidy, where we found that sumoylation is essential for maintaining chromosome number. As chromosome number variation in daughter cell is due to multiple spindle pole formation, we qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the [Formula: see text] tubulin pole formation in PTEN-K254R clone transfected cells. We found aberrant pole formation is significantly increased in PTEN-K254R transfected cells compared to wild-type PTEN. Further depletion of sumoylation activity of PTEN increases the expression of phosphorylated form of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) (T288) and PLK1 (T210) proteins with or without nocodazole, a microtubule depolymerizing agent compared to cells expressing wild-type PTEN. Thus, sumoylation of PTEN is essential for maintaining genomic stability.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45398418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.1142/s1793984422500027
Ruchi Chawla, V. Karri, V. Rani, Mohini Mishra, K. Kumar
Efavirenz (EFV) suffers from poor aqueous solubility which results in low bioavailability of the drug. Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems offer a suitable alternative for improving the physico-chemical properties of the drug and hence its efficacy. Nanosuspension (NS) of EFV was formulated by solvent-anti solvent precipitation method using PVP K-30 as stabilizer and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as the wetting agent. Multi-level factorial design was applied to select the optimal formulation which was further characterized. The optimal batch exhibited mean particle size of 305[Formula: see text]nm and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.345. Solid-state characterization studies of the NS conducted using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed compatibility between the drug and the excipients and modest alteration in the crystallinity of the drug. There was progressive increase in the solubility of the drug when incorporated in NS from 17.39[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml to 256[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml. Further, drug release studies showed significantly better and controlled drug release pattern in comparison to the free drug due to the presence of nanosized particles in the formulation.
{"title":"Factorial Design-Based Nanocarrier Mediated Formulation of Efavirenz and Its Characterization","authors":"Ruchi Chawla, V. Karri, V. Rani, Mohini Mishra, K. Kumar","doi":"10.1142/s1793984422500027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793984422500027","url":null,"abstract":"Efavirenz (EFV) suffers from poor aqueous solubility which results in low bioavailability of the drug. Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems offer a suitable alternative for improving the physico-chemical properties of the drug and hence its efficacy. Nanosuspension (NS) of EFV was formulated by solvent-anti solvent precipitation method using PVP K-30 as stabilizer and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as the wetting agent. Multi-level factorial design was applied to select the optimal formulation which was further characterized. The optimal batch exhibited mean particle size of 305[Formula: see text]nm and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.345. Solid-state characterization studies of the NS conducted using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed compatibility between the drug and the excipients and modest alteration in the crystallinity of the drug. There was progressive increase in the solubility of the drug when incorporated in NS from 17.39[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml to 256[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/ml. Further, drug release studies showed significantly better and controlled drug release pattern in comparison to the free drug due to the presence of nanosized particles in the formulation.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44437008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.1142/s1793984422300011
Rama Sharma
Late developments in nanotechnology have changed various logical and mechanical regions as well as the food business. The use of nanotechnology has been tested in various areas of food science, such as food microbiology, including food handling, food packaging, transportation of useful foods, hygiene and identification of transmitted microorganisms for food. This paper sums up the capability of nanoparticles’ utilizations in the food business to give shoppers a secure and defilement free of charge food and to guarantee the customer worthiness of the food with upgraded useful assets. Parts of utilization of nanotechnology corresponding to expanding in food nourishment and sensing properties like taste, touch, etc. of food varieties have additionally been examined momentarily alongside a couple of experiences on wellbeing issues and administrative worries on nano-prepared food items.
{"title":"Nanotechnology: Pros and Cons in Food Quality","authors":"Rama Sharma","doi":"10.1142/s1793984422300011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793984422300011","url":null,"abstract":"Late developments in nanotechnology have changed various logical and mechanical regions as well as the food business. The use of nanotechnology has been tested in various areas of food science, such as food microbiology, including food handling, food packaging, transportation of useful foods, hygiene and identification of transmitted microorganisms for food. This paper sums up the capability of nanoparticles’ utilizations in the food business to give shoppers a secure and defilement free of charge food and to guarantee the customer worthiness of the food with upgraded useful assets. Parts of utilization of nanotechnology corresponding to expanding in food nourishment and sensing properties like taste, touch, etc. of food varieties have additionally been examined momentarily alongside a couple of experiences on wellbeing issues and administrative worries on nano-prepared food items.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45315557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanozyme is a kind of nanomaterial with simulated enzyme activity. Due to its high catalytic efficiency, better stability and modifiability, the role of nanozymes in medicine, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, is receiving more and more attention. Nanozymes usually contain metals and are often used in combination with drugs or antigens/antibodies to become multifunctional materials for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. At present, the detailed synthesis, classification and function of nanozymes need to be supplemented. In our review, we introduce the research status, synthesis and classification of nanozymes roundly. Then we summarized and introduced some characteristic nanozymes according to their functions, mainly including tumor diagnosis, tumor therapy, tumor surgical adjuvant therapy and multifunctional complexes. We believe that many breakthroughs have been made in the research of nanozymes, and more and more multifunctional nanozymes have been studied. However, there are still some shortcomings in the current research on nanozymes such as the lack of solutions to some of the insufficient properties of nanoparticles, like spontaneous aggregation, nonspecific phagocytosis, etc. At the same time, the catalytic reaction is relatively simple, which limits the further application of nanozyme. In our review, we made our own comments and prospects on the diagnostic, therapeutic and application of nanozymes. In the future, nanozymes will play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors due to their potential modifiability and versatility as well as their increasingly perfect physicochemical properties.
{"title":"The Application of Nanozymes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of TUMOR: A Review","authors":"Wenbo Yang, Hongzhi Hu, Peng Wang, Wei Huang, Zengwu Shao","doi":"10.1142/s1793984421410063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793984421410063","url":null,"abstract":"Nanozyme is a kind of nanomaterial with simulated enzyme activity. Due to its high catalytic efficiency, better stability and modifiability, the role of nanozymes in medicine, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, is receiving more and more attention. Nanozymes usually contain metals and are often used in combination with drugs or antigens/antibodies to become multifunctional materials for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. At present, the detailed synthesis, classification and function of nanozymes need to be supplemented. In our review, we introduce the research status, synthesis and classification of nanozymes roundly. Then we summarized and introduced some characteristic nanozymes according to their functions, mainly including tumor diagnosis, tumor therapy, tumor surgical adjuvant therapy and multifunctional complexes. We believe that many breakthroughs have been made in the research of nanozymes, and more and more multifunctional nanozymes have been studied. However, there are still some shortcomings in the current research on nanozymes such as the lack of solutions to some of the insufficient properties of nanoparticles, like spontaneous aggregation, nonspecific phagocytosis, etc. At the same time, the catalytic reaction is relatively simple, which limits the further application of nanozyme. In our review, we made our own comments and prospects on the diagnostic, therapeutic and application of nanozymes. In the future, nanozymes will play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors due to their potential modifiability and versatility as well as their increasingly perfect physicochemical properties.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42381591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.1142/s1793984421500070
Viswanathan Kaliyaperumal, A. Palavesam, Arul kumar Kandasamy, Vijayashanthi Ramalingam, Chitra Karuppan, Madhan Nithiyanantham, Indira Harikrishnan, D. Gopal, R. Muthusamy, S. Alagesan
In this paper, new oral beads were developed for poultry applications using garlic nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs were synthesized using water in oil micro-emulsion method and it was confirmed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The biocompatibility was evaluated by using the chicken blood, chicken intestinal cell line and the results indicated that the particles are highly safe. The oral beads were formulated using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose phthalate as polymer protective layer and specifically dissolved in pH 6.5 and released the NPs at the intestine. To study their impacts, the chickens were fed with beads starting day 3 after hatching, and their weight was recorded. To study the anti-parasitic effect, the chickens were challenged with Eimeria species. The active treatments with oral beads effectively cure the intestinal damages triggered by the Eimeria species and improved the chicken weight. The prophylactic treatment 100% protects chicken against Eimeria infection and increased the body weight.
{"title":"Development of Garlic Oral Beads using Garlic Nanoparticles and Studies on their Protective Effects Against Avian Coccidiosis","authors":"Viswanathan Kaliyaperumal, A. Palavesam, Arul kumar Kandasamy, Vijayashanthi Ramalingam, Chitra Karuppan, Madhan Nithiyanantham, Indira Harikrishnan, D. Gopal, R. Muthusamy, S. Alagesan","doi":"10.1142/s1793984421500070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793984421500070","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, new oral beads were developed for poultry applications using garlic nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs were synthesized using water in oil micro-emulsion method and it was confirmed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The biocompatibility was evaluated by using the chicken blood, chicken intestinal cell line and the results indicated that the particles are highly safe. The oral beads were formulated using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose phthalate as polymer protective layer and specifically dissolved in pH 6.5 and released the NPs at the intestine. To study their impacts, the chickens were fed with beads starting day 3 after hatching, and their weight was recorded. To study the anti-parasitic effect, the chickens were challenged with Eimeria species. The active treatments with oral beads effectively cure the intestinal damages triggered by the Eimeria species and improved the chicken weight. The prophylactic treatment 100% protects chicken against Eimeria infection and increased the body weight.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42556139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-09DOI: 10.1142/s1793984421410051
Haoran Sun, Qilong Zhao, Liwu Zheng, W. Lu, Min Wang
Electrospun fibrous scaffolds attract great attention in tissue engineering owing to their high similarity in architecture to the extracellular matrix (ECM) that support cell attachment and growth in human bodies. Although they have shown superiority in promoting cell attachment and proliferation on their surfaces and hence, hold great promise for the regeneration of body tissues, the research still faces a great challenge of three-dimensional (3D) cell incorporation in electrospun scaffolds to form thick and cell-dense constructs because deep cell infiltration is hard to achieve in conventional electrospun scaffolds that normally have very small diameters of interconnected pores. Such hindrance has severely limited the clinical application of electrospun fibrous scaffolds to repair/regenerate various body tissues, particularly those with complex anatomies. To address this challenge, we have developed a concurrent cell electrospinning and emulsion electrospinning technique for fabricating bioactive bio-hybrid scaffolds with 3D and high-density cell incorporation. Through concurrent electrospinning, cell-encapsulated hydrogel fibers (“cell fibers”) and growth factor-containing ultrafine fibers are simultaneously deposited to form two-component scaffolds (i.e., scaffolds composed of two types of fibers) according to the design. With the breakup of cell fibers, live cells with well-preserved cell viability are released in situ inside the scaffolds, resulting in the creation of cell-incorporated bioactive scaffolds with ECM-mimicking fibrous architectures and 3D and high-density incorporation of cells. The growth and functions of incorporated cells in the scaffolds can be enhanced by the released growth factor from the emulsion electrospun fibrous component. The bioactive bio-hybrid scaffolds fabricated via concurrent electrospinning mimic the cell-matrix organization of body tissues and therefore have great potential for regenerating body tissues such as tendon and ligament.
{"title":"Cell-Incorporated Bioactive Tissue Engineering Scaffolds made by Concurrent Cell Electrospinning and Emulsion Electrospinning","authors":"Haoran Sun, Qilong Zhao, Liwu Zheng, W. Lu, Min Wang","doi":"10.1142/s1793984421410051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793984421410051","url":null,"abstract":"Electrospun fibrous scaffolds attract great attention in tissue engineering owing to their high similarity in architecture to the extracellular matrix (ECM) that support cell attachment and growth in human bodies. Although they have shown superiority in promoting cell attachment and proliferation on their surfaces and hence, hold great promise for the regeneration of body tissues, the research still faces a great challenge of three-dimensional (3D) cell incorporation in electrospun scaffolds to form thick and cell-dense constructs because deep cell infiltration is hard to achieve in conventional electrospun scaffolds that normally have very small diameters of interconnected pores. Such hindrance has severely limited the clinical application of electrospun fibrous scaffolds to repair/regenerate various body tissues, particularly those with complex anatomies. To address this challenge, we have developed a concurrent cell electrospinning and emulsion electrospinning technique for fabricating bioactive bio-hybrid scaffolds with 3D and high-density cell incorporation. Through concurrent electrospinning, cell-encapsulated hydrogel fibers (“cell fibers”) and growth factor-containing ultrafine fibers are simultaneously deposited to form two-component scaffolds (i.e., scaffolds composed of two types of fibers) according to the design. With the breakup of cell fibers, live cells with well-preserved cell viability are released in situ inside the scaffolds, resulting in the creation of cell-incorporated bioactive scaffolds with ECM-mimicking fibrous architectures and 3D and high-density incorporation of cells. The growth and functions of incorporated cells in the scaffolds can be enhanced by the released growth factor from the emulsion electrospun fibrous component. The bioactive bio-hybrid scaffolds fabricated via concurrent electrospinning mimic the cell-matrix organization of body tissues and therefore have great potential for regenerating body tissues such as tendon and ligament.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43974608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.1142/s1793984421500057
Umang Dubey, S. Kesarwani, R. Verma
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is commonly known as bone cement, having good biocompatibility, mechanical qualities. It is extensively used in the biomedical sector as a synthetic bone material, orthopedic surgery and dental applications. However, some primary machining is required to achieve the tailored shape, size and finish before application in the human body. This study focuses on the machining (drilling) behavior of the developed PMMA-based Hydroxyapatite (PMMA-HA) bio-nano- composites. The machining efficiency and parametric control were estimated using a combined principal component analysis (PCA) module and evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS). The Hydroxyapatite (HA) weight percentage (wt.%), spindle speed (SPEED) and tool material (TOOL) viz. HSS, Carbide and TiAlN are chosen according to the Taguchi-based experimental array. The objective is to get the best possible machining responses, such as the material removal rate (MRR), mean surface roughness (Ra) and circularity error ([Formula: see text] using the PCA-EDAS hybrid module. The optimal condition is found as the HSS drilling bit, 10%[Formula: see text]wt.%, SPEED-1428[Formula: see text]rpm with an improvement of 30.53%, 21.15% and 41.9% in MRR, Ra and [Formula: see text]-ERROR, respectively. The microstructural investigation scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the excellent morphology and quality of the drilled hole in the proposed composites. Also, an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the prepared sample was done to ensure the proper reinforcement. The flexural test shows a significant expansion in the mechanical property due to the presence of HA in PMMA
{"title":"Predictive Modeling and Correlated Response Optimization of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-Based Bio-Nano-Composite Material Using a Hybrid Module","authors":"Umang Dubey, S. Kesarwani, R. Verma","doi":"10.1142/s1793984421500057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793984421500057","url":null,"abstract":"Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is commonly known as bone cement, having good biocompatibility, mechanical qualities. It is extensively used in the biomedical sector as a synthetic bone material, orthopedic surgery and dental applications. However, some primary machining is required to achieve the tailored shape, size and finish before application in the human body. This study focuses on the machining (drilling) behavior of the developed PMMA-based Hydroxyapatite (PMMA-HA) bio-nano- composites. The machining efficiency and parametric control were estimated using a combined principal component analysis (PCA) module and evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS). The Hydroxyapatite (HA) weight percentage (wt.%), spindle speed (SPEED) and tool material (TOOL) viz. HSS, Carbide and TiAlN are chosen according to the Taguchi-based experimental array. The objective is to get the best possible machining responses, such as the material removal rate (MRR), mean surface roughness (Ra) and circularity error ([Formula: see text] using the PCA-EDAS hybrid module. The optimal condition is found as the HSS drilling bit, 10%[Formula: see text]wt.%, SPEED-1428[Formula: see text]rpm with an improvement of 30.53%, 21.15% and 41.9% in MRR, Ra and [Formula: see text]-ERROR, respectively. The microstructural investigation scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows the excellent morphology and quality of the drilled hole in the proposed composites. Also, an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the prepared sample was done to ensure the proper reinforcement. The flexural test shows a significant expansion in the mechanical property due to the presence of HA in PMMA","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43372303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1142/s1793984421500069
Ziqi Wang, Chuanrong Chen, Penglin Zou, Yu-Cheng Tao, F. Gao, Chao Jia, Long Liu, Y. Duan, Qiusheng Shi
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and its metastases are the main reasons for the high mortality of prostate cancer. Currently, paclitaxel (PTX)-based chemotherapeutics are used as first-line drugs to treat CRPC, but this treatment does not show good effects and is accompanied by serious side effects, which may be because intravenously injected chemotherapeutic drugs have difficulties gathering at the tumor site. Therefore, a safe and effective drug delivery carrier is urgently needed to enhance the therapeutic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs against CRPC. Methoxy polyethylene glycol-polylacticco-glycolic acid-polylysine (mPEG-PLGA-PLL) nanoparticles (NPs) have shown high drug encapsulation efficiency and good therapeutic effects against ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer, but there are few studies on their treatment against CRPC. To expand the applications of mPEG-PLGA-PLL NPs, in this study, mPEG-PLGA-PLL NPs loaded with PTX (PTX-NPs) were synthesized. The synthesized PTX-NPs had a uniform particle size and no obvious aggregation. PTX-NPs can be uptaked by PC-3 cells, which significantly promotes the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis effects of PTX on cells and reduces the expression levels of CDK6, Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 (cyclins and an apoptosis inhibitor), and these effects can be further enhanced by ultrasound-induced microbubble cavitation (UIMC). Our research provides a new nanocarrier for the treatment of CRPC, laying the foundation for further research in the future.
{"title":"Ultrasound-Induced Microbubble Cavitation Combined with Paclitaxel-Loaded Nanoparticles for the Elimination of PC-3 Cells in vitro","authors":"Ziqi Wang, Chuanrong Chen, Penglin Zou, Yu-Cheng Tao, F. Gao, Chao Jia, Long Liu, Y. Duan, Qiusheng Shi","doi":"10.1142/s1793984421500069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793984421500069","url":null,"abstract":"Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and its metastases are the main reasons for the high mortality of prostate cancer. Currently, paclitaxel (PTX)-based chemotherapeutics are used as first-line drugs to treat CRPC, but this treatment does not show good effects and is accompanied by serious side effects, which may be because intravenously injected chemotherapeutic drugs have difficulties gathering at the tumor site. Therefore, a safe and effective drug delivery carrier is urgently needed to enhance the therapeutic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs against CRPC. Methoxy polyethylene glycol-polylacticco-glycolic acid-polylysine (mPEG-PLGA-PLL) nanoparticles (NPs) have shown high drug encapsulation efficiency and good therapeutic effects against ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer, but there are few studies on their treatment against CRPC. To expand the applications of mPEG-PLGA-PLL NPs, in this study, mPEG-PLGA-PLL NPs loaded with PTX (PTX-NPs) were synthesized. The synthesized PTX-NPs had a uniform particle size and no obvious aggregation. PTX-NPs can be uptaked by PC-3 cells, which significantly promotes the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis effects of PTX on cells and reduces the expression levels of CDK6, Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 (cyclins and an apoptosis inhibitor), and these effects can be further enhanced by ultrasound-induced microbubble cavitation (UIMC). Our research provides a new nanocarrier for the treatment of CRPC, laying the foundation for further research in the future.","PeriodicalId":44929,"journal":{"name":"Nano Life","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47312154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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