Widely distributed and often repeated discursive patterns which represent migrants can influence the education of migrant students ( Calavita, 1996 ; Santa Ana, 2002 ; Cutler, 2017 ; and Dabach et al., 2017 ). Ideological discourses (e.g., ‘immigrants are threats’) are particularly potent structures that mediate language, cognition and social life. Whilst there has been a recent increase in studies of texts on the topic of migration generally, there are few that focus on the intersection of migration and education or on discursive patterns that transcend registers. This study introduces a multi-dimensional analysis approach for the identification of ideological discourses from a 9 million-word corpus of twenty-first century, US texts about migrant education from multiple registers (online comments, national and regional newspaper texts, and federal and state government webpages) using the distribution of lexical variables that characterise variants of migrant/ migration. Eleven ideological discourses (e.g., ‘US immigration policies are problematic, but there is no consensus for solutions’) were found. Of these, several had not been previously identified, one confirmed a previously identified discourse, and several complemented and extended previously identified discursive patterns on this topic. Together, these findings reveal the highly naturalised ideologically discursive landscape that shapes educational opportunities for US migrant students.
{"title":"Twenty-first century ideological discourses about US migrant education that transcend registers","authors":"Shannon Fitzsimmons‐Doolan","doi":"10.3366/cor.2023.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/cor.2023.0280","url":null,"abstract":"Widely distributed and often repeated discursive patterns which represent migrants can influence the education of migrant students ( Calavita, 1996 ; Santa Ana, 2002 ; Cutler, 2017 ; and Dabach et al., 2017 ). Ideological discourses (e.g., ‘immigrants are threats’) are particularly potent structures that mediate language, cognition and social life. Whilst there has been a recent increase in studies of texts on the topic of migration generally, there are few that focus on the intersection of migration and education or on discursive patterns that transcend registers. This study introduces a multi-dimensional analysis approach for the identification of ideological discourses from a 9 million-word corpus of twenty-first century, US texts about migrant education from multiple registers (online comments, national and regional newspaper texts, and federal and state government webpages) using the distribution of lexical variables that characterise variants of migrant/ migration. Eleven ideological discourses (e.g., ‘US immigration policies are problematic, but there is no consensus for solutions’) were found. Of these, several had not been previously identified, one confirmed a previously identified discourse, and several complemented and extended previously identified discursive patterns on this topic. Together, these findings reveal the highly naturalised ideologically discursive landscape that shapes educational opportunities for US migrant students.","PeriodicalId":44933,"journal":{"name":"Corpora","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48339384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review: Islentyeva. 2020. Corpus-based Analysis of Ideological Bias: Migration in the British Press. London: Routledge","authors":"A. Black","doi":"10.3366/cor.2023.0285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/cor.2023.0285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44933,"journal":{"name":"Corpora","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48989826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manually coded data form the basis of many of our analyses in corpus linguistics. It is thus imperative that we work towards increased reliability and enhanced transparency in our coding practices, since failing to do so may ultimately lead us to draw erroneous conclusions about language. Using spoken data from a study on adverb usage for illustration, this methods paper discusses some strategies for identifying threats to the reliability of our coding and offers suggestions for how to mitigate these and ensure that our coding can be assessed and replicated. The paper also includes suggestions for best practices for manual linguistic coding and concludes with a discussion of the benefits of such practices. With this paper, we expand on the ongoing discussions in the field on issues of reliability and transparency as they relate to manual coding. We argue that while tests of inter-rater reliability offer a helpful starting point, further steps are needed to ensure increased reliability and transparency.
{"title":"Towards increased reliability and transparency in projects with manual linguistic coding","authors":"Nicole Hober, Tülay Dixon, Tove Larsson","doi":"10.3366/cor.2023.0284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/cor.2023.0284","url":null,"abstract":"Manually coded data form the basis of many of our analyses in corpus linguistics. It is thus imperative that we work towards increased reliability and enhanced transparency in our coding practices, since failing to do so may ultimately lead us to draw erroneous conclusions about language. Using spoken data from a study on adverb usage for illustration, this methods paper discusses some strategies for identifying threats to the reliability of our coding and offers suggestions for how to mitigate these and ensure that our coding can be assessed and replicated. The paper also includes suggestions for best practices for manual linguistic coding and concludes with a discussion of the benefits of such practices. With this paper, we expand on the ongoing discussions in the field on issues of reliability and transparency as they relate to manual coding. We argue that while tests of inter-rater reliability offer a helpful starting point, further steps are needed to ensure increased reliability and transparency.","PeriodicalId":44933,"journal":{"name":"Corpora","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41419454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Corpus of Historical Mapudungun (chm), which I present here, is a lemmatised, part-of-speech and grapho-phonologically parsed collection of texts in the ancestral language of the Mapuche people. This paper gives an overview of the corpus materials (spanning 1606 to 1930), their processing and search capabilities. The tei xml tags at the word and morpheme levels are shown to be suitable to account for the abundant agglutinative morphology of the language. The advantages of visualising sound–spelling equivalences across the various spelling systems in the corpus are also emphasised. Some uses and limitations of the corpus are surveyed too, with a particular emphasis on the contribution of typologically diverse languages to understanding language change and the importance of making heritage materials available to native speaker communities for revitalisation purposes.
{"title":"The Corpus of Historical Mapudungun: morpho-phonological parsing and the history of a Native American language","authors":"Benjamin Molineaux","doi":"10.3366/cor.2023.0281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/cor.2023.0281","url":null,"abstract":"The Corpus of Historical Mapudungun (chm), which I present here, is a lemmatised, part-of-speech and grapho-phonologically parsed collection of texts in the ancestral language of the Mapuche people. This paper gives an overview of the corpus materials (spanning 1606 to 1930), their processing and search capabilities. The tei xml tags at the word and morpheme levels are shown to be suitable to account for the abundant agglutinative morphology of the language. The advantages of visualising sound–spelling equivalences across the various spelling systems in the corpus are also emphasised. Some uses and limitations of the corpus are surveyed too, with a particular emphasis on the contribution of typologically diverse languages to understanding language change and the importance of making heritage materials available to native speaker communities for revitalisation purposes.","PeriodicalId":44933,"journal":{"name":"Corpora","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43046650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports on a comparative investigation into the differences and similarities in the use of phrasal verbs (pvs) by L1 English and L1 Chinese scholars (ess and css) in academic English writing. Using a corpus of research articles from the fields of Physics, Computer Science, Linguistics and Management written by ess and css, we present data to reveal that: ( i) pvs are used in both css’ and ess’ research articles across disciplines; ( ii) there are significant differences in the use of pvs between css and ess, with css employing pvs less frequently than ess in both types and tokens; ( iii) disciplinary variations have been detected – research articles in soft science disciplines (Linguistics and Management) deploy significantly more pvs and the tendency is particularly so in ess’ research articles; ( iv) both css and ess use the ‘Verb + Adverbial particle + np’ or ‘Verb + np + Adverbial particle’ pattern and the ‘Verb + Preposition + np’ pattern most frequently; and ( v) the majority of the most frequent pvs are shared by css and ess and used in their metaphorical senses. Qualitative analyses of the four selected items demonstrate that the co-selection between the collocating nouns and the structural patterns of pvs decides the senses being realised. These findings shed light on teaching academic writing and provide writers with some guidance on verb choices.
{"title":"A comparable corpus-based study of phrasal verbs in academic writing by English and Chinese scholars across disciplines","authors":"Xianwei Gao","doi":"10.3366/cor.2023.0283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/cor.2023.0283","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on a comparative investigation into the differences and similarities in the use of phrasal verbs (pvs) by L1 English and L1 Chinese scholars (ess and css) in academic English writing. Using a corpus of research articles from the fields of Physics, Computer Science, Linguistics and Management written by ess and css, we present data to reveal that: ( i) pvs are used in both css’ and ess’ research articles across disciplines; ( ii) there are significant differences in the use of pvs between css and ess, with css employing pvs less frequently than ess in both types and tokens; ( iii) disciplinary variations have been detected – research articles in soft science disciplines (Linguistics and Management) deploy significantly more pvs and the tendency is particularly so in ess’ research articles; ( iv) both css and ess use the ‘Verb + Adverbial particle + np’ or ‘Verb + np + Adverbial particle’ pattern and the ‘Verb + Preposition + np’ pattern most frequently; and ( v) the majority of the most frequent pvs are shared by css and ess and used in their metaphorical senses. Qualitative analyses of the four selected items demonstrate that the co-selection between the collocating nouns and the structural patterns of pvs decides the senses being realised. These findings shed light on teaching academic writing and provide writers with some guidance on verb choices.","PeriodicalId":44933,"journal":{"name":"Corpora","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43988076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyses the discourse functions of tense in the New York Times Corpus under a three-dimensional framework – the three dimensions being tense, verb and textual position. The texts are divided into ten 10 percent sub-sections and the distribution of the tenses along textual positions, the distribution of verb categories along textual positions as well as the distribution of tense-verb construction along textual positions are calculated to examine the features of tense use in news reports. The association between tense and verb categories is calculated using WordSmith log-likelihood statistics. Quantitative distribution analysis of the tenses reveals their distribution patterns. The distribution of the present and the present perfect follows a multi-peaked curve while there is a steady increase of preterit from the beginning to the end. The association between tense and verb shows that different tenses have attractions for different verb categories. The present tense attracts state verbs, the past tense attracts achievement verbs, and the present perfect prefers achievement and activity verbs. Analysis of tense-verb constructions along textual positions reveals that tense-verb constructions have localised functions – within different textual positions, tense-verb constructions take on various features and focus on different functions. All these findings constitute the stylistic use of tenses in news reports and reveal modern news values in the journalistic community.
{"title":"A corpus-based study of the discourse functions of English tense: the co-occurrence of tense and lexical aspect at various textual positions of news reports","authors":"Liying Zhang","doi":"10.3366/cor.2023.0282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/cor.2023.0282","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the discourse functions of tense in the New York Times Corpus under a three-dimensional framework – the three dimensions being tense, verb and textual position. The texts are divided into ten 10 percent sub-sections and the distribution of the tenses along textual positions, the distribution of verb categories along textual positions as well as the distribution of tense-verb construction along textual positions are calculated to examine the features of tense use in news reports. The association between tense and verb categories is calculated using WordSmith log-likelihood statistics. Quantitative distribution analysis of the tenses reveals their distribution patterns. The distribution of the present and the present perfect follows a multi-peaked curve while there is a steady increase of preterit from the beginning to the end. The association between tense and verb shows that different tenses have attractions for different verb categories. The present tense attracts state verbs, the past tense attracts achievement verbs, and the present perfect prefers achievement and activity verbs. Analysis of tense-verb constructions along textual positions reveals that tense-verb constructions have localised functions – within different textual positions, tense-verb constructions take on various features and focus on different functions. All these findings constitute the stylistic use of tenses in news reports and reveal modern news values in the journalistic community.","PeriodicalId":44933,"journal":{"name":"Corpora","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46920870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The original meaning of words or phrases is often in dispute in Founding Era legislation, especially the US Constitution. The Corpus of Founding Era American English (cofea) accurately provides evidence for the meaning of contested terms during the Founding Era. cofea consists of 126,394 texts and over 136 million words. This corpus has been and is being used by legal researchers and interpreters in scholarly research as well as various courts, including the Supreme Court. This paper describes the motivation for the creation of cofea and describes the process of designing and collecting the corpus.
{"title":"Corpus of Founding Era American English: designing a corpus for interpreting the United States Constitution","authors":"Brett Hashimoto","doi":"10.3366/cor.2023.0270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/cor.2023.0270","url":null,"abstract":"The original meaning of words or phrases is often in dispute in Founding Era legislation, especially the US Constitution. The Corpus of Founding Era American English (cofea) accurately provides evidence for the meaning of contested terms during the Founding Era. cofea consists of 126,394 texts and over 136 million words. This corpus has been and is being used by legal researchers and interpreters in scholarly research as well as various courts, including the Supreme Court. This paper describes the motivation for the creation of cofea and describes the process of designing and collecting the corpus.","PeriodicalId":44933,"journal":{"name":"Corpora","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47861140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To date, corpus-based methods for comparing language varieties have fallen into one of two camps: ( 1) md analysis – a complicated multi-variate approach based on analysis of functionally motivated linguistic features in each text of a corpus, or ( 2) keyword/key pos analysis – simple, univariate techniques to identify any feature with a statistically skewed distribution in a corpus. In this paper, we introduce a complementary technique – key feature analysis – which is a simple quantitative approach to compare the texts in two varieties with respect to a set of functionally motivated lexico-grammatical features. We introduce the methods of key feature analysis, contrast them with other approaches for comparing text varieties, and present case studies from the domains of online registers and US presidential debates.
{"title":"Key feature analysis: a simple, yet powerful method for comparing text varieties","authors":"Jesse Egbert, D. Biber","doi":"10.3366/cor.2023.0275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/cor.2023.0275","url":null,"abstract":"To date, corpus-based methods for comparing language varieties have fallen into one of two camps: ( 1) md analysis – a complicated multi-variate approach based on analysis of functionally motivated linguistic features in each text of a corpus, or ( 2) keyword/key pos analysis – simple, univariate techniques to identify any feature with a statistically skewed distribution in a corpus. In this paper, we introduce a complementary technique – key feature analysis – which is a simple quantitative approach to compare the texts in two varieties with respect to a set of functionally motivated lexico-grammatical features. We introduce the methods of key feature analysis, contrast them with other approaches for comparing text varieties, and present case studies from the domains of online registers and US presidential debates.","PeriodicalId":44933,"journal":{"name":"Corpora","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44470337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review: Egbert, Larsson and Biber. 2020. Doing Linguistics with a Corpus: Methodological Considerations for the Everyday User","authors":"Veysel Altunel","doi":"10.3366/cor.2023.0277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/cor.2023.0277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44933,"journal":{"name":"Corpora","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49277866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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