{"title":"Les vues glaciaires de Jean-Antoine Linck – un jalon de l’histoire des glaciers du Mont Blanc du xviiie","authors":"Samuel U. Nussbaumer, Heinz J. Zumbühl","doi":"10.4000/rga.12275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.12275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44965,"journal":{"name":"Revue De Geographie Alpine-Journal of Alpine Research","volume":"26 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135975162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melaine Le Roy, Kurt Nicolussi, Christian Schlüchter
{"title":"Tree-ring Dating of the Little Ice Age Maxima of Arolla Glaciers (Valais, Switzerland)","authors":"Melaine Le Roy, Kurt Nicolussi, Christian Schlüchter","doi":"10.4000/rga.12170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.12170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44965,"journal":{"name":"Revue De Geographie Alpine-Journal of Alpine Research","volume":"26 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135975161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"De l’observation des écroulements aux solutions opérationnelles : près de deux décennies d’études sur les risques cryo-gravitaires dans le massif du Mont-Blanc","authors":"Florence Magnin, Ludovic Ravanel, Matan Ben-Asher, Josué Bock, Maëva Cathala, Pierre-Allain Duvillard, Pierrick Jean, Jean-Yves Josnin, Suvrat Kaushik, André Revil, Philip Deline","doi":"10.4000/rga.11644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.11644","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44965,"journal":{"name":"Revue De Geographie Alpine-Journal of Alpine Research","volume":"27 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135975352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Chiarle, Costanza Morino, Giovanni Mortara, Walter Alberto, Mario Ravello, Aristide Franchino, Giuseppe Orombelli, Marco Giardino, Luigi Perotti, Guido Nigrelli
{"title":"Frane di Natale nelle Alpi Italiane","authors":"Marta Chiarle, Costanza Morino, Giovanni Mortara, Walter Alberto, Mario Ravello, Aristide Franchino, Giuseppe Orombelli, Marco Giardino, Luigi Perotti, Guido Nigrelli","doi":"10.4000/rga.11964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.11964","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44965,"journal":{"name":"Revue De Geographie Alpine-Journal of Alpine Research","volume":"27 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135975353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta Chiarle, Costanza Morino, Giovanni Mortara, Walter Alberto, Mario Ravello, Aristide Franchino, Giuseppe Orombelli, Marco Giardino, Luigi Perotti, Guido Nigrelli
Mass movements at high elevation during wintertime are rare events in the Italian Alps, but are generally large events compared to those occurring in other seasons. In a context of climate change, their interpretation is particularly challenging due to the risk implications during a highly tourist season in the mountains, and because their occurrence seemingly contradicts the attribution of recent mass movements in high-alpine environments to global warming. To shed some light on this topic, we reviewed 12 mass movements in the Italian Alps that occurred at elevations above 1500 m, documented from mid-December to January, henceforth during the Christmas period. The aim is to understand whether recent events may be related to ongoing climate and environmental changes. Even though the small number of analysed mass movements does not allow statistically based conclusions, some preliminary considerations could be drafted. We observe a seeming increase in the frequency and elevation of winter mass-movement events in the last two decades, with an increased number of failures involving rock slopes under permafrost conditions, and a transition from heavy-precipitations controlled mass movements to temperature-anomalies and -fluctuations controlled mass movements. We also show that any type of instability process can occur in winter, including debris flows, with rock falls/avalanches prevailing. These findings may partly stem from an increased number of mass-movement reports deriving from the growing attention in recent years to the impacts of climate change and their related risks. Considering the growing anthropic pressure on alpine areas even in winter, especially for tourism purposes, it is crucial to broaden our knowledge on winter mass movements by expanding and analysing a larger case history, through the opportunities offered by new technologies and citizen science.
{"title":"Christmas Mass Movements in the Italian Alps","authors":"Marta Chiarle, Costanza Morino, Giovanni Mortara, Walter Alberto, Mario Ravello, Aristide Franchino, Giuseppe Orombelli, Marco Giardino, Luigi Perotti, Guido Nigrelli","doi":"10.4000/rga.12048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.12048","url":null,"abstract":"Mass movements at high elevation during wintertime are rare events in the Italian Alps, but are generally large events compared to those occurring in other seasons. In a context of climate change, their interpretation is particularly challenging due to the risk implications during a highly tourist season in the mountains, and because their occurrence seemingly contradicts the attribution of recent mass movements in high-alpine environments to global warming. To shed some light on this topic, we reviewed 12 mass movements in the Italian Alps that occurred at elevations above 1500 m, documented from mid-December to January, henceforth during the Christmas period. The aim is to understand whether recent events may be related to ongoing climate and environmental changes. Even though the small number of analysed mass movements does not allow statistically based conclusions, some preliminary considerations could be drafted. We observe a seeming increase in the frequency and elevation of winter mass-movement events in the last two decades, with an increased number of failures involving rock slopes under permafrost conditions, and a transition from heavy-precipitations controlled mass movements to temperature-anomalies and -fluctuations controlled mass movements. We also show that any type of instability process can occur in winter, including debris flows, with rock falls/avalanches prevailing. These findings may partly stem from an increased number of mass-movement reports deriving from the growing attention in recent years to the impacts of climate change and their related risks. Considering the growing anthropic pressure on alpine areas even in winter, especially for tourism purposes, it is crucial to broaden our knowledge on winter mass movements by expanding and analysing a larger case history, through the opportunities offered by new technologies and citizen science.","PeriodicalId":44965,"journal":{"name":"Revue De Geographie Alpine-Journal of Alpine Research","volume":"52 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135975961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ludovic Ravanel, Melaine Le Roy, Florence Magnin, Marta Chiarle
{"title":"The Glaciated Slopes of the High Alpine Mountains: Holocene Evolution and Impacts of the Current Climate Crisis","authors":"Ludovic Ravanel, Melaine Le Roy, Florence Magnin, Marta Chiarle","doi":"10.4000/rga.12294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.12294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44965,"journal":{"name":"Revue De Geographie Alpine-Journal of Alpine Research","volume":"54 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin P. Kirkbride, Susan P. Mains, Vanessa Brazier
{"title":"Turner’s 1836 Alpine Crossing and the Little Ice Age Portrayed in Val Veny and Val Ferret; a Geography of the Sublime","authors":"Martin P. Kirkbride, Susan P. Mains, Vanessa Brazier","doi":"10.4000/rga.11844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.11844","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44965,"journal":{"name":"Revue De Geographie Alpine-Journal of Alpine Research","volume":"26 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135975160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transferring Cryosphere Knowledge between Mountains Globally: A Case Study of Western Canadian Mountains, the European Alps and the Scandes","authors":"Emilie Stewart-Jones, Stephan Gruber","doi":"10.4000/rga.12203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.12203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44965,"journal":{"name":"Revue De Geographie Alpine-Journal of Alpine Research","volume":"27 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135975156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paolo Pogliotti, Edoardo Cremonese, Umberto Morra di Cella
{"title":"Réchauffement du permafrost dans les Alpes occidentales: une nouvelle preuve d’un réchauffement qui dépend de l’altitude?","authors":"Paolo Pogliotti, Edoardo Cremonese, Umberto Morra di Cella","doi":"10.4000/rga.11819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.11819","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44965,"journal":{"name":"Revue De Geographie Alpine-Journal of Alpine Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135975158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L’alpinisme est une pratique sportive qui dépend fortement des conditions des milieux physiques dans lesquels elle se développe. Les alpinistes doivent ainsi faire face à des aléas glaciaires et périglaciaires importants, tels que ceux qui affectent les deux principaux itinéraires d’ascension du mont Blanc (4808 m ; Alpes européennes occidentales) : les chutes de pierres dans le Grand Couloir de l’aiguille du Goûter sur la Voie Royale et les chutes de séracs sur le versant NNO du mont Blanc du Tacul sur l’itinéraire des Trois Monts. Les aléas dans ces deux secteurs ainsi que la fréquentation ont été mesurés grâce à un dispositif multicapteurs et à des acquisitions photographiques automatiques, respectivement. Sur le premier site, où l'on déplore une très forte accidentalité avec en moyenne 3,7 décès par an, 17 768 passages ont été comptabilisés au cours de l’été 2019 et 2 648 signaux sismiques ont été classés comme des chutes de pierres ayant affecté le Grand Couloir. Le risque de décès associé à ces chutes de pierres, dont la fréquence est dépendante des températures et de la présence d’eau liquide dans le terrain, serait de 1,7 × 10-4. Au Tacul, où en moyenne 0,6 décès se produit chaque année, 6 770 passages ont été relevés au cours de l’été 2017, ainsi que 31 chutes de séracs sans lien avec les températures. Le risque de décès y est de 8,3 × 10-5. L'aléa est également quantifié pour chacune des traces faites sur le versant glaciaire. Les résultats obtenus permettent de préciser les risques encourus par les alpinistes et de favoriser des stratégies de réduction des risques.
登山运动是一项高度依赖于其发展的物理环境条件的运动。因此，登山者必须应对重要的冰川和冰期变化，如勃朗峰的两条主要攀登路线(4808米;(西欧阿尔卑斯山脉):皇家路线上aiguille du gouter大走廊上的石头瀑布，以及三山路线上Tacul勃朗峰NNO斜坡上的seracs瀑布。使用多传感器设备和自动摄影采集分别测量了这两个部门的危险和出勤率。在第一个地点，事故发生率非常高，平均每年3.7人死亡，2019年夏季记录了17768次地震，2648次地震信号被归类为影响大走廊的岩崩。与这些石头坠落相关的死亡风险为1.7 × 10-4，坠落的频率取决于温度和地面中液态水的存在。在塔库尔，平均每年有0.6人死亡，2017年夏季记录了6770次转移，以及31次与温度无关的冰雹下降。死亡风险为8.3 × 10-5。对于冰川斜坡上的每一条痕迹，风险也被量化。所获得的结果有助于确定登山者所面临的风险，并支持降低风险的策略。
{"title":"Ascension du mont Blanc (4808 m) : quels risques prend-on dans le Grand Couloir du Goûter et dans la face nord du mont Blanc du Tacul ?","authors":"Ludovic Ravanel, Jacques Mourey, Lorig Tamian, Sébastien Ibanez, Didier Hantz, Pascal Lacroix, Pierre-Allain Duvillard","doi":"10.4000/rga.11728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rga.11728","url":null,"abstract":"L’alpinisme est une pratique sportive qui dépend fortement des conditions des milieux physiques dans lesquels elle se développe. Les alpinistes doivent ainsi faire face à des aléas glaciaires et périglaciaires importants, tels que ceux qui affectent les deux principaux itinéraires d’ascension du mont Blanc (4808 m ; Alpes européennes occidentales) : les chutes de pierres dans le Grand Couloir de l’aiguille du Goûter sur la Voie Royale et les chutes de séracs sur le versant NNO du mont Blanc du Tacul sur l’itinéraire des Trois Monts. Les aléas dans ces deux secteurs ainsi que la fréquentation ont été mesurés grâce à un dispositif multicapteurs et à des acquisitions photographiques automatiques, respectivement. Sur le premier site, où l'on déplore une très forte accidentalité avec en moyenne 3,7 décès par an, 17 768 passages ont été comptabilisés au cours de l’été 2019 et 2 648 signaux sismiques ont été classés comme des chutes de pierres ayant affecté le Grand Couloir. Le risque de décès associé à ces chutes de pierres, dont la fréquence est dépendante des températures et de la présence d’eau liquide dans le terrain, serait de 1,7 × 10-4. Au Tacul, où en moyenne 0,6 décès se produit chaque année, 6 770 passages ont été relevés au cours de l’été 2017, ainsi que 31 chutes de séracs sans lien avec les températures. Le risque de décès y est de 8,3 × 10-5. L'aléa est également quantifié pour chacune des traces faites sur le versant glaciaire. Les résultats obtenus permettent de préciser les risques encourus par les alpinistes et de favoriser des stratégies de réduction des risques.","PeriodicalId":44965,"journal":{"name":"Revue De Geographie Alpine-Journal of Alpine Research","volume":"51 9‐10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135975963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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