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Science & Dissent: Alternative Temporalities, Geographies, Epistemologies 科学与异议:另类时间、地理、认识论
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.17351/ests2022.489
K. Moore, B. Strasser
The analysis of dissent, or the mobilization of scientific claims to challenge existing political arrangements, has a long history in STS and was central to the formation of the field of STS itself and its current contours. Based on a conference that sought to bring together analysts and activists from around the world and from varied disciplines, this collection illuminates new temporal, geographic, and epistemological lenses through which scientists and other people have creatively challenged relationships of power. First, by attending to long-past practices and to the long-term development of styles and forms of dissent and resistance in Latin America, South Asia, Africa, Europe, and the USA, contributors show how geography and situated forms of politics are mobilized in scientific dissent. Second, contributors also examine how political arrangements shape the ways that the movement of bodies, as well as their sensory qualities, is central to many forms of technoscientific dissent. A third focus, on epistemic politics, demonstrates how building parallel or alternative structures and systems of knowledge pose challenges to power arrangements, even when those systems are not mobilized to make formal legal or administrative challenges.
对异议的分析,或动员科学主张来挑战现有的政治安排,在STS中有着悠久的历史,是STS本身及其当前轮廓形成的核心。基于一次试图将来自世界各地和不同学科的分析人士和活动家聚集在一起的会议,本系列阐明了科学家和其他人创造性地挑战权力关系的新的时间、地理和认识论视角。首先,通过关注拉丁美洲、南亚、非洲、欧洲和美国长期以来的实践以及异议和抵抗的风格和形式的长期发展,撰稿人展示了地理和政治的情境形式是如何在科学异议中被动员起来的。其次,贡献者还研究了政治安排如何塑造身体运动的方式,以及它们的感官品质,是许多形式的技术科学异议的核心。第三个重点是认识政治,它表明建立平行或替代的知识结构和系统如何对权力安排构成挑战,即使这些系统没有被动员起来提出正式的法律或行政挑战。
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引用次数: 3
Knowledge Co-Production in Scientific and Activist Alliances: Unsettling Coloniality 科学和活动家联盟中的知识共同生产:令人不安的殖民主义
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.17351/ests2022.479
Marta Conde, Mariana Walter
This paper examines alliances between scientists and local groups in the context of environmental justice conflicts. We analyze the trajectories of two white male scientific experts collaborating with activist groups in mining and nuclear conflicts around the world. We posit the knowledge co-production processes that take place in these collaborations can challenge (internal and external) power relations and hegemonic discourses around pollution. These collaborations can entail three types of co-production: (i) co-production of knowledge where new technical knowledge is co-created; (ii) co-production of interpretation through which knowledge is contextualized technically and politically; and (iii) the co-production of the mobilization of knowledge where different expertise collaborate in the elaboration of strategies based on their (scientific, local, Indigenous, traditional or experiential) knowledges and networks. Whilst knowledge co-production provides legitimacy and confidence to local groups; knowledge interpretation and its mobilization provide public legitimacy, visibility, and political leverage. This paper unsettles seemingly colonial processes pointing to the importance of locally driven alliances, the collaborative dynamics at play merging local and scientific expertise as well as the motivations and trajectories of scientists and local groups. Our approach makes visible how these alliances are the result of supra-local networks of support that connect scientists with local groups struggling against extractive activities.
本文在环境正义冲突的背景下考察了科学家和地方团体之间的联盟。我们分析了两位白人男性科学专家在世界各地采矿和核冲突中与激进团体合作的轨迹。我们假设,在这些合作中发生的知识共同生产过程可以挑战(内部和外部)权力关系和围绕污染的霸权话语。这些合作可能涉及三种类型的共同生产:(i)共同生产知识,共同创造新的技术知识;(ii)共同制作解释,通过这种解释,知识在技术和政治上被置于背景之中;以及(iii)共同制作知识动员,不同的专业知识合作制定基于其(科学、地方、土著、传统或经验)知识和网络的战略。知识合作生产为地方团体提供合法性和信心;知识解释及其动员提供了公共合法性、可见性和政治影响力。这篇论文扰乱了看似殖民的进程,指出了地方驱动的联盟的重要性,融合地方和科学专业知识的合作动态,以及科学家和地方团体的动机和轨迹。我们的方法表明,这些联盟是超地方支持网络的结果,这些网络将科学家与反对采掘活动的地方团体联系起来。
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引用次数: 5
How to Deal with Cosmoecological Perplexities: Artscience, Critical Zones, Pluriversal Politics 如何应对宇宙生态的困惑:艺术科学、关键地带、多元政治
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.17351/ests2022.1461
C. Jensen
In this review essay, I discuss the relations between Clarissa Lee’s (2021) Artscience: A Curious Education, Bruno Latour and Peter Weibel’s (2020) edition Critical Zones: The Science and Politics of Landing on Earth, and Arturo Escobar’s (2020) Pluriversal Politics: The Real and the Possible from the point of view of their contribution to cosmoecology and the need to think and inhabit the earth differently.
在这篇综述文章中,我讨论了Clarissa Lee(2021)的《艺术科学:好奇的教育》、Bruno Latour和Peter Weibel(2020)的《临界区:登陆地球的科学与政治》之间的关系,以及阿图罗·埃斯科瓦尔(Arturo Escobar)(2020)的《多元政治:真实与可能》(Pluriversal Politics:The Real and The Possible),从他们对宇宙生态学的贡献以及对地球进行不同思考和居住的必要性的角度来看。
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引用次数: 2
From Resistance to Co-Management?: Rethinking Scientization in the Contestation of the Technosciences 从抵制到共同管理?:技术科学竞争中的科学化再思考
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.17351/ests2022.473
S. Topçu
Since the critique of science movements emerged in the 1970s, knowledge-power relationships in the technosciences have changed significantly. The mobilizations both of scientists to produce science for the people and of lay producers of knowledge and expertise have helped to remedy the perceived deficits of official science. STS research to date has abundantly and rather enthusiastically examined the forms and conditions of production of this critical, dissident, alternative knowledge, but few studies have looked at how scientific and political elites react to and engage with such knowledge-based mobilizations. Focusing on ways of governing techno-criticism, this article aims to contribute to filling this gap. It investigates the innovative capacity of social movements and public authorities as well as their capacity for renewal and ability to shift power relations in their favor, including in the inevitable crisis and scandal situations. Drawing on empirical evidence from a long-term sociohistorical study of the contestations over French nuclear complexes, I propose an analytical framework that distinguishes four historically situated modes of managing scientifically informed contestations of the technosciences. I conclude that scientized or expert activism can be most effective, including within top-down participatory settings, if it is accompanied by oppositional protest and even radical criticism.
自20世纪70年代出现科学运动批判以来,技术科学中的知识-权力关系发生了重大变化。动员科学家为人民生产科学,动员知识和专业知识的非专业生产者,有助于弥补官方科学的缺陷。迄今为止,STS的研究已经大量、相当热情地研究了这种批判性、持不同政见的替代知识的产生形式和条件,但很少有研究关注科学和政治精英如何应对和参与这种基于知识的动员。本文着重探讨技术批评的治理方式,旨在为填补这一空白做出贡献。它调查了社会运动和公共当局的创新能力,以及他们更新和改变权力关系的能力,包括在不可避免的危机和丑闻情况下。根据对法国核设施争端的长期社会历史研究的经验证据,我提出了一个分析框架,区分了四种历史上管理技术科学科学争端的模式。我的结论是,科学化或专家行动主义可能是最有效的,包括在自上而下的参与环境中,如果伴随着反对抗议甚至激进批评。
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引用次数: 2
Building Community with ESTS 用无害环境技术建立社区
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.17351/ests2022.1671
A. Khandekar, Noela Invernizzi, Duygu Kaşdoğan, Alison Kenner, Angela Okune, G. Otsuki, S. Raman, A. Windle, Emily York
This editorial describes the crucial role of building transnationally diverse STS communities that our Editorial Collective (EC) has imagined and sought to implement for Engaging Science, Technology, and Society (ESTS). Community-building as an ethic characterizes all aspects of our EC’s work: from editorial practices to infrastructural development, and from content publication to the broader initiatives that we undertake. In a context where the role of scholarly journals is increasingly instrumentalized through corporate-led valuation systems that effectively also render them largely inaccessible, we see this as an especially important value to affirm in and through strengthening open access publication.  
这篇社论描述了建立跨国家多样化的STS社区的关键作用,这是我们的编辑集体(EC)为参与科学、技术和社会(ESTS)所设想和寻求实施的。从编辑实践到基础设施发展,从内容出版到我们开展的更广泛的活动,社区建设作为一种道德规范体现在我们委员会工作的各个方面。在学术期刊的作用越来越工具化的背景下,通过企业主导的评估系统,有效地使它们在很大程度上无法获得,我们认为这是一个特别重要的价值,需要通过加强开放获取出版来肯定。
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引用次数: 0
The Empowering Virtues of Citizen Science: Claiming Clean Air in Brussels 公民科学的赋权美德:在布鲁塞尔宣称空气清洁
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.17351/ests2022.795
Nicola da Schio
The governance and monitoring of environmental hazards—and of air pollution in particular—is often dominated by technical expertise and scientific knowledge. Approaches of this kind remove the issue from the public debate and democratic deliberation: citizens are de facto excluded from related decision-making and their knowledge about the problem is barely taken into account. This article explores the potential and limits of citizen science to challenge unfair frameworks of environmental monitoring and governance, inasmuch as it empowers citizens, by enabling three critical processes: gaining knowledge, gaining epistemic recognition, and building transdisciplinary coalitions. Empirically, this study is based on AirCasting Brussels, a Citizen Science project that unrolled in Brussels in the context of a mobilization for cleaner air to which it contributed. The analysis shows that citizen science has increased the ability of participating communities to scrutinize air pollution policy and to contribute to and influence public discussion about it, albeit with certain limits. Overall, as a counterpart to their fundamental right to participate in democracy, Citizen Science proves effective to strengthen citizens’ capabilities to do so in a meaningful manner.
环境危害,特别是空气污染的治理和监测,往往由技术专长和科学知识主导。这种方法将这个问题从公共辩论和民主审议中排除:公民事实上被排除在相关决策之外,他们对这个问题的了解几乎没有被考虑在内。本文探讨了公民科学挑战不公平的环境监测和治理框架的潜力和局限性,因为它通过实现三个关键过程赋予公民权力:获得知识、获得认知认可和建立跨学科联盟。从经验上讲,这项研究是基于AirCasting Brussels,这是一个公民科学项目,在动员更清洁的空气的背景下在布鲁塞尔展开,它对此做出了贡献。分析表明,公民科学提高了参与社区审查空气污染政策、参与和影响公众讨论的能力,尽管有一定的局限性。总的来说,作为参与民主的基本权利的对应物,公民科学被证明可以有效地加强公民以有意义的方式这样做的能力。
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引用次数: 2
The Unique and the Universal: Analyzing the Interplay Between Regulatory Frameworks, Researchers and Research Participants in Data Making 独特性和普遍性:分析数据制作中监管框架、研究人员和研究参与者之间的互动
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2022-05-29 DOI: 10.17351/ests2022.929
Francisca Nordfalk, Maria Olejaz, K. Høyer
Contemporary health research is becoming increasingly data intensive with a dependency on more data, of different types, and on more people. Multiple measures are therefore taken to ensure a variety of data, for example by re-appropriating data collected for purposes other than research. In genetic research, there is a general aim of more personalized diagnostics and treatments. Personalization in many ways depends on access to a universal data pool to gain statistical strength when identifying rare variants affecting unique individuals. If the aim of identifying the unique depends on access to the universal, how are we then to understand the dialectic between these two concepts? Further, if data-intensive research thrives on repurposing data, how does the repurposing affect the interests of the people from whom the data derive? In this article, we explore these questions by comparing two Danish initiatives aimed at making more data available for research through repurposing: one from a screening program of newborns at the beginning of life; and the other through an educational program collecting bodies after death. They both involve reinventing the original collection practices and they illustrate how regulatory frameworks, researchers and research participants reason differently about what can be considered as unique and as universal, as well as the risks and benefits involved in participating in data-intensive research.
当代卫生研究正变得越来越数据密集,依赖于更多不同类型的数据和更多的人。因此,采取多种措施确保数据的多样性,例如将收集的数据重新用于研究以外的目的。在基因研究中,有一个更个性化的诊断和治疗的总体目标。在许多方面,个性化依赖于对通用数据池的访问,以便在识别影响独特个体的罕见变异时获得统计强度。如果识别独特的目的取决于对普遍的接近,那么我们如何理解这两个概念之间的辩证法呢?此外,如果数据密集型研究在重新利用数据的基础上蓬勃发展,那么重新利用数据会如何影响数据来源者的利益?在本文中,我们通过比较丹麦两项旨在通过重新定位为研究提供更多数据的举措来探讨这些问题:一项来自生命初期的新生儿筛查计划;另一个是通过一个教育项目收集死后的尸体。它们都涉及重塑原始的收集实践,并说明了监管框架、研究人员和研究参与者如何对可被视为独特和普遍的东西进行不同的推理,以及参与数据密集型研究所涉及的风险和收益。
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引用次数: 2
Publishing ESTS 出版est序列
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.1407
ESTS Editorial Collective, A. Khandekar, Noela Invernizzi, Duygu Kaşdoğan, Alison Kenner, Angela Okune, G. Otsuki, S. Raman, A. Windle, Emily York
In our previous editorial (Khandekar et al. 2021), we noted the blackboxing of scholarly publication infrastructure that we encountered when we assumed editorship of the journal. We outlined several aspects of infrastructuring that we have undertaken since, with an explicit goal of supporting transnational workflows and participation in ESTS. In this editorial, we continue describing our infrastructural work, highlighting especially the work of content production at ESTS. We also discuss the relevance of our infrastructural work for open access (OA) scholarly publishing.
在我们之前的社论(Khandekar et al. 2021)中,我们注意到我们担任期刊编辑时遇到的学术出版基础设施的黑盒。我们概述了自那时以来我们进行的基础设施建设的几个方面,其明确目标是支持跨国工作流程和参与无害环境技术。在这篇社论中,我们将继续描述我们的基础设施工作,特别强调ESTS的内容制作工作。我们还讨论了我们的基础设施工作与开放获取(OA)学术出版的相关性。
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引用次数: 1
STS as a Lens to Study Disciplines and Interdisciplinarity STS作为研究学科和跨学科的一个镜头
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.857
Knut H. Sørensen
In the 2020 Prague Virtual Conference of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), Sharon Traweek was awarded the society’s John D. Bernal Prize jointly with Langdon Winner. The Bernal Prize is awarded annually to individuals who have made distinguished contributions to the field of STS. Prize recipients include founders of the field of STS, along with outstanding scholars who have devoted their careers to the understanding of the social dimensions of science and technology. In this essay responding to Traweek's Bernal lecture, Sørensen draws on her critical understanding of academic disciplines to discuss how STS may develop the field’s understanding of disciplines, interdisciplinarity, and itself.
在2020年科学社会研究学会布拉格虚拟会议上,Sharon Traweek与兰登奖获得者共同获得了该学会的约翰·D·伯纳尔奖。伯纳尔奖每年颁发给在STS领域做出杰出贡献的个人。获奖者包括STS领域的创始人,以及致力于理解科学技术社会层面的杰出学者。在这篇回应Traweek的Bernal讲座的文章中,sørensen利用她对学术学科的批判性理解,讨论STS如何发展该领域对学科、跨学科性及其本身的理解。
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引用次数: 0
A “Middle Voice” from the South 来自南方的“中间声音”
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.815
Jorge Núñez, Maka Suarez
In the 2020 Prague Virtual Conference of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), Sharon Traweek was awarded the society’s John D. Bernal Prize jointly with Langdon Winner. The Bernal Prize is awarded annually to individuals who have made distinguished contributions to the field of STS. Prize recipients include founders of the field of STS, along with outstanding scholars who have devoted their careers to the understanding of the social dimensions of science and technology. This is a reflection on Traweek’s work on epistemic authority in relation to Kaleidos—Center for Interdisciplinary Ethnography in Ecuador.
在2020年科学社会研究学会布拉格虚拟会议上,Sharon Traweek与兰登奖获得者共同获得了该学会的约翰·D·伯纳尔奖。伯纳尔奖每年颁发给在STS领域做出杰出贡献的个人。获奖者包括STS领域的创始人,以及致力于理解科学技术社会层面的杰出学者。这是对Traweek关于Kaleidos——厄瓜多尔跨学科民族志中心——的认识权威工作的反思。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Engaging Science Technology and Society
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