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Epistemological Luddism 认识论的劳工运动
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.861
A. Nordmann
In the 2020 Prague Virtual Conference of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), Langdon Winner was awarded the society’s John D. Bernal Prize jointly with Sharon Traweek. The Bernal Prize is awarded annually to individuals who have made distinguished contributions to the field of STS. Prize recipients include founders of the field of STS, along with outstanding scholars who have devoted their careers to the understanding of the social dimensions of science and technology. This response to Winner’s Bernal lecture traces the roots of his epistemological luddism to 20th century modernism, politically as well as aesthetically.
在2020年布拉格科学社会研究学会(4S)虚拟会议上,兰登·温纳与莎朗·特拉维克共同获得了该学会的约翰·伯纳尔奖。伯纳尔奖每年颁发给在STS领域做出杰出贡献的个人。获奖者包括STS领域的创始人,以及致力于理解科学技术的社会层面的杰出学者。这种对温纳在伯纳尔讲座的回应将他的认识论卢德主义的根源追溯到20世纪的现代主义,无论是政治上还是美学上。
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引用次数: 0
Left Button Picture, Right Button Bomb: Nature, Warfare and Technology in a Southern African Border Region 左键图片,右键炸弹:南部非洲边境地区的自然、战争和技术
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.653
J. Merron, Luregn Lenggenhager
In this paper, we argue that the relationship between nature conservation and warfare was and continues to be actualized through socio-technical relationships and shared infrastructures. We historicize “green militari zation”—defined as the use of military techniques, technologies and partnerships in the pursuit of conservation (Lunstrum 2014)—showing that the partnership between military and nature conservation in Southern Africa has a long and violent history. Our paper accounts for the entanglements of war and nature through a shared technological infrastructure used in north-eastern Namibia during the Namibian War of Liberation (1966–1989). In particular, we focus on the Mirage IIIR2Z, an aerial reconnaissance and ground-attack supersonic jet which provided both the South African Defence Force and the civil administration’s nature conservationists with aerial photography and remote sensing data. The spatial information produced jointly by the military and the civil nature conservation department was used to produce strategic maps, but also to fight invasive plants and protect wildlife. Our reading of green militarization against this background sheds light on the long-lasting connections between warfare, conservation and ecology along Southern African border regions and contributes to a novel understanding of the contemporary “war on poachers” through a study of the techno-scientific networks that made it possible. Since there is nothing inevitable about the way technologies emerge or change over time (Bijker and Law 1992), this paper develops an empirically grounded and sustained analysis of technological change in the domain of green militarization through three interlinked concepts: “multiple” (Law 2002), “shifting down” (Latour 1994; 1999), and “firming up” (Bijker and Law 1992).
在本文中,我们认为自然保护和战争之间的关系过去和现在都是通过社会技术关系和共享基础设施来实现的。我们将“绿色军事化”历史化——定义为在追求保护的过程中使用军事技术、技术和伙伴关系(Lunstrum 2014)——表明南部非洲军事与自然保护之间的伙伴关系有着悠久而暴力的历史。我们的论文通过纳米比亚解放战争(1966–1989)期间在纳米比亚东北部使用的共享技术基础设施,说明了战争与自然的纠缠。我们特别关注幻影IIIR2Z,这是一款空中侦察和对地攻击超音速喷气式飞机,为南非国防军和民政部门的自然保护主义者提供了航空摄影和遥感数据。军方和民间自然保护部门联合制作的空间信息用于制作战略地图,也用于对抗入侵植物和保护野生动物。在这种背景下,我们对绿色军事化的解读揭示了南部非洲边境地区战争、保护和生态之间的长期联系,并通过研究使之成为可能的技术科学网络,有助于对当代“偷猎者战争”有一个新的理解。由于技术的出现或变化并不是不可避免的(Bijker和Law 1992),本文通过三个相互关联的概念对绿色军事化领域的技术变化进行了基于经验的持续分析:“多重”(Law 2002)、“向下转移”(Latour 1994;1999)和“稳固”(Bijkr和Law,1992)。
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引用次数: 1
Hormonal Health: Period Tracking Apps, Wellness, and Self-Management in the Era of Surveillance Capitalism. 荷尔蒙健康:监控资本主义时代的经期跟踪应用程序、健康和自我管理》。
IF 1 Q3 SOCIAL ISSUES Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.655
Andrea Ford, Giulia De Togni, Livia Miller

Period tracking is an increasingly widespread practice, and its emphasis is changing from monitoring fertility to encompassing a more broad-based picture of users' health. Delving into the data of one's menstrual cycle, and the hormones that are presumed to be intimately linked with it, is a practice that is reshaping ideas about health and wellness, while also shaping subjects and subjectivities that succeed under conditions of surveillance capitalism. Through close examination of six extended interviews, this article elaborates a version of period tracking that sidesteps fertility and, in doing so, participates in the "queering" of menstrual technologies. Apps can facilitate the integration of institutional medical expertise and quotidian embodied experience within a broader approach to the self as a management project. We introduce the concept of "hormonal health" to describe a way of caring for, and knowing about, bodies, one that weaves together mental and physical health, correlates subjective and objective information, and calls into question the boundary between illness and wellness. For those we spoke with, menstrual cycles are understood to affect selfhood across any simplistic body-mind division or reproductive imperative, engendering complex techniques of self-management, including monitoring, hypothesizing, intervening in medical appointments, adjusting schedules, and interpreting social interactions. Such techniques empower their proponents, but not within conditions of their choosing. In addition to problems with data privacy and profit, these techniques perpetuate individualized solutions and the internalization of pressures in a gender-stratified, neoliberal context, facilitating success within flawed structures.

月经跟踪是一种日益普遍的做法,其重点正在从监测生育率转变为更广泛地了解用户的健康状况。对个人月经周期数据以及与之密切相关的荷尔蒙进行研究,是一种重塑健康观念的做法,同时也塑造了在监控资本主义条件下成功的主体和主体性。本文通过对六个扩展访谈的仔细研究,阐述了一种避开生育问题的经期追踪方式,并以此参与月经技术的 "同性恋化"。应用程序可以促进医疗机构的专业知识与日常生活中的体现性体验相结合,将自我作为一个更广泛的管理项目。我们引入了 "荷尔蒙健康 "的概念来描述一种关爱和了解身体的方式,这种方式将心理和生理健康结合在一起,将主观和客观信息联系在一起,并质疑疾病和健康之间的界限。对于与我们交谈过的人来说,月经周期被理解为对自我身份的影响,超越了任何简单的身心划分或生殖要求,产生了复杂的自我管理技巧,包括监测、假设、干预医疗预约、调整日程安排和解释社会互动。这些技术增强了支持者的能力,但并不是在他们所选择的条件下。除了数据隐私和利益问题之外,这些技术在性别分层、新自由主义的背景下,延续了个性化的解决方案和压力的内化,促进了在有缺陷的结构中取得成功。
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引用次数: 0
Data Durabilities: Towards Conceptualizations of Scientific Long-Term Data Storage 数据持久性:迈向科学长期数据存储的概念化
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.777
E. Sørensen, Laura Kocksch
With the increased requirement for open data and data reuse in the sciences the call for long-term data storage becomes stronger. However, long-term data storage is insufficiently theorized and often considered as simply short-term data that are stored longer. Interviews with scientists at a German university show that data are not in themselves durable; they are made durable. While Science & Technology Studies data research has emphasized the relational character of data, always embedded in local contexts and infrastructures, we propose to add the temporal dimension of data durability to this understanding. We replace notions of long-term and short-term stored data with notions of publication data and project data, because the latter terms point to the practices through which data durability is made in a variety of ways, contingent on the kind of research phases in which the data are embedded, and on their infrastructures and practices. With the notion of data durability devices we inquire into technologies and tools, techniques and skills as well as organizational arrangements, cultural norms and relations that contribute to making data durable. We define scientific data as durable as long as they can operate in a socio-technical apparatus and uphold their capacity to make claims about the world. The scientists’ data practices revealed what we term media data durability devices and scientific data durability devices. The former were media materiality, the care for this materiality, and the compatibility between data and the data apparatus, which all contributed to shaping data durability. Scientific data durability devices, on the other hand included concealment and competition, through which data durability was prolonged, but also distributed unevenly among researchers. With these proposed concepts we hope to initiate discussions on the making of long-term data storage, just as we believe the concepts to be helpful for making realistic and relevant decisions about what data to store and for how long.
随着科学界对开放数据和数据重用需求的增加,对长期数据存储的需求越来越强烈。然而,长期数据存储没有充分的理论化,通常被认为只是存储时间更长的短期数据。对德国一所大学科学家的采访表明,数据本身并不持久;它们经久耐用。虽然科学与技术研究数据研究强调了数据的关系特征,这些特征总是嵌入在本地环境和基础设施中,但我们建议在这种理解中增加数据持久性的时间维度。我们用发布数据和项目数据的概念取代了长期和短期存储数据的概念,因为后一个术语指的是以各种方式实现数据持久性的实践,这取决于数据嵌入的研究阶段以及它们的基础设施和实践。通过数据持久性设备的概念,我们探讨了有助于使数据持久性的技术和工具、技术和技能以及组织安排、文化规范和关系。我们将科学数据定义为持久的,只要它们能够在社会技术设备中运行,并维护其对世界提出主张的能力。科学家们的数据实践揭示了我们所称的媒体数据耐久性设备和科学数据耐久性装置。前者是媒体的重要性,对这种重要性的关注,以及数据和数据设备之间的兼容性,这些都有助于塑造数据的持久性。另一方面,科学数据持久性设备包括隐藏和竞争,通过它们延长了数据持久性,但在研究人员中的分布也不均衡。有了这些拟议的概念,我们希望启动关于长期数据存储的讨论,就像我们相信这些概念有助于就存储什么数据和存储多长时间做出现实和相关的决定一样。
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引用次数: 1
Can Renewable Energy Artifacts have a Global Politics? Towards a Translocal Imaginary of Energy Democracy 可再生能源产品是否具有全球政治意义?迈向能源民主的跨地方想象
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.967
S. Raman
In the 2020 Prague Virtual Conference of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), Langdon Winner was awarded the society’s John D. Bernal Prize jointly with Sharon Traweek. The Bernal Prize is awarded annually to individuals who have made distinguished contributions to the field of STS. Prize recipients include founders of the field of STS, along with outstanding scholars who have devoted their careers to the understanding of the social dimensions of science and technology. This response to Winner’s Bernal lecture considers how visions of energy democracy speak back to decarbonisation imperatives grounded in industrial-scale renewable energy technologies, and asks if these arguments might be further trans-nationalised.
在2020年布拉格科学社会研究学会(4S)虚拟会议上,兰登·温纳与莎朗·特拉维克共同获得了该学会的约翰·伯纳尔奖。伯纳尔奖每年颁发给在STS领域做出杰出贡献的个人。获奖者包括STS领域的创始人,以及致力于理解科学技术的社会层面的杰出学者。这篇对温纳在伯纳尔演讲的回应,思考了能源民主的愿景如何回应以工业规模的可再生能源技术为基础的脱碳必要性,并询问这些论点是否可能进一步跨国化。
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引用次数: 0
Public Trust, Deliberative Engagement and Health Data Projects: Beyond Legal Provisions  公众信任、深思熟虑的参与和健康数据项目:超越法律规定
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.1197
Nishtha Bharti, C. O’Donovan, M. Smallman, James Wilson
In England, a new scheme for collating and sharing General Practitioners’ data has faced resistance from various quarters and has been deferred twice. While insufficient communication and ambiguous safeguards explain the widespread dissatisfaction expressed by the public and experts, we argue how dwindling public trust can be the most damaging variable in this picture - with implications not only for this scheme, but for any future project that aims to mobilise health data for medical research and innovation. We also highlight the indispensability of deliberative public engagement on the values being prioritised in health data initiatives, the significance of securing social license in addition to legal assurances, and the lessons in it of global pertinence. 
在英格兰,一项整理和共享全科医生数据的新计划遭到了各方的抵制,并被推迟了两次。虽然沟通不足和保障措施不明确解释了公众和专家表达的广泛不满,但我们认为,公众信任的减少可能是这幅图中最具破坏性的变量——这不仅对该计划有影响,而且对未来任何旨在调动健康数据进行医学研究和创新的项目都有影响。我们还强调了公众对健康数据倡议中优先考虑的价值观的审慎参与的必要性,除了法律保证之外,确保社会许可的重要性,以及其中具有全球针对性的经验教训。
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引用次数: 3
Langdon Winner’s Theory of Technological Politics: Rethinking Science and Technology for Future Society 兰登·温纳的技术政治理论:对未来社会科学技术的再思考
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.811
E. Schraube
In the 2020 Prague Virtual Conference of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), Langdon Winner was awarded the society’s John D. Bernal Prize jointly with Sharon Traweek. The Bernal Prize is awarded annually to individuals who have made distinguished contributions to the field of STS. Prize recipients include founders of the field of STS, along with outstanding scholars who have devoted their careers to the understanding of the social dimensions of science and technology. This response to Winner’s Bernal lecture reflects on his theory of technological politics, its implications for the psychology of technology as well as its relevance for rethinking science and technology for future society.
在2020年布拉格科学社会研究学会(4S)虚拟会议上,兰登·温纳与莎朗·特拉维克共同获得了该学会的约翰·伯纳尔奖。伯纳尔奖每年颁发给在STS领域做出杰出贡献的个人。获奖者包括STS领域的创始人,以及致力于理解科学技术的社会层面的杰出学者。这是对温纳在伯纳尔演讲的回应,反映了他的技术政治理论,它对技术心理学的影响,以及它与重新思考未来社会的科学和技术的相关性。
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引用次数: 1
Representing Race in Graphs: W.E.B. Du Bois, Corporate Bureaucrats, and Visualization Strategies for Change 用图表表示种族:W.E.B.杜波依斯、公司官僚和变革的可视化策略
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.565
L. Arciniega
In this paper, I draw together W. E. B. Du Bois and corporate bureaucrats to compare the graphical representation of race across three distinct racial epochs: the Progressive, Civil Rights, and post-1980s neoliberal era. I illustrate how, through visual and rhetorical strategies, corporate bureaucrats extend a Du Boisian legacy in constructing popular knowledge of race and racism. I show how they do this by making whiteness visible through data visualizations and rhetorically bundling them to liberal American values of equal opportunity. In examining them as epistemic and semiotic objects, I argue that graphical representations of race compel the enactment of meaningful strategies seen to challenge racial inequalities in the workplace. Yet, insofar as these are employed to equate racism with the absence of equal opportunity in capitalist firms, I argue, they also mask whiteness and reproduce systemic racism. The graphical representation of race, in effect, reveals how the practices of knowledge production and processes of signification are entangled in everyday corporate bureaucracies. Thus, I suggest that we need to reject analytical binaries that pose a bounded distinction between “business” and “social justice” to extend research into the cultural production and productive enactment of racial materiality.
在这篇论文中,我将W·E·B·杜波依斯和企业官僚聚集在一起,比较了三个不同种族时代的种族图形表示:进步时代、民权时代和20世纪80年代后的新自由主义时代。我展示了企业官僚如何通过视觉和修辞策略,在构建种族和种族主义的大众知识方面延续杜波依斯的遗产。我展示了他们是如何做到这一点的,通过数据可视化使白人可见,并在修辞上将他们与自由的美国平等机会价值观捆绑在一起。在将其作为认知和符号对象进行研究时,我认为种族的图形化表示迫使制定有意义的策略,以挑战工作场所的种族不平等。然而,我认为,就这些被用来将种族主义等同于资本主义公司中缺乏平等机会而言,它们也掩盖了白人,并再现了系统性种族主义。事实上,种族的图形表示揭示了知识生产和意义过程的实践是如何与日常企业官僚机构纠缠在一起的。因此,我建议我们需要拒绝在“商业”和“社会正义”之间形成有限区别的分析二元对立,以将研究扩展到文化生产和种族物质性的生产性制定。
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引用次数: 0
The Democratic Shaping of Technology: Its Rise, Fall and Possible Rebirth 技术的民主塑造:它的兴衰与可能的再生
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.17351/ests2021.825
L. Winner
In the 2020 Prague Virtual Conference of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), Langdon Winner was awarded the society’s John D. Bernal Prize jointly with Sharon Traweek. The Bernal Prize is awarded annually to individuals who have made distinguished contributions to the field of STS. Prize recipients include founders of the field of STS, along with outstanding scholars who have devoted their careers to the understanding of the social dimensions of science and technology. This essay comprises Winner’s acceptance speech and is followed by a short postscript written in 2021. The postscript captures a brief reflection on the upheavals of the COVID-19 pandemic and the US election results which shifted the US to a Biden administration. In their award statement, the Bernal Prize committee noted: “Winner’s most cited article “Do Artifacts Have Politics?” of 1980 has inspired a wide spectrum of critique and analysis of technological arrangements as, among other things, political orderings of our society. Since then, his career has focused on the political dimensions of science and technology, technology policy and the politics of technology. Winner has addressed key intellectual questions of classical and modern political theory in order to debate how order, power, freedom, authority and justice had resonance within technological devices. More specifically, he has brought a new dimension into the field by addressing how these classic questions in political theory are often deeply embedded in technical and material frameworks. His work emphasizes that “because technological innovation is inextricably linked to processes of social reconstruction, any society that hopes to control its own structural evolution must confront each significant set of technological possibilities with scrupulous care.”
在2020年科学社会研究学会布拉格虚拟会议(4S)上,兰登奖获得者与莎伦·特拉维共同获得了该学会的约翰·D·伯纳尔奖。伯纳尔奖每年颁发给在STS领域做出杰出贡献的个人。获奖者包括STS领域的创始人,以及致力于理解科学技术社会层面的杰出学者。这篇文章包括Winner的获奖感言,随后是2021年写的一篇简短的后记。附言简要回顾了新冠肺炎疫情的动荡,以及将美国转向拜登政府的美国大选结果。伯纳尔奖委员会在颁奖声明中指出:“获奖者1980年引用最多的文章《文物有政治吗?》激发了对技术安排以及我们社会的政治秩序的广泛批评和分析。从那时起,他的职业生涯一直专注于科学技术的政治层面、技术政策和技术政治。温纳解决了古典和现代政治理论的关键智力问题,以辩论秩序、权力、自由、权威和正义如何在技术设备中产生共鸣。更具体地说,他通过解决政治理论中的这些经典问题往往深深植根于技术和材料框架中,为该领域带来了一个新的维度。他的工作强调,“因为技术创新与社会重建过程密不可分,任何希望控制自身结构演变的社会都必须谨慎地面对每一种重要的技术可能性。”
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引用次数: 0
Editorial Note of Farewell and Gratitude to ESTS Reviewers 《告别并感谢est审稿人》编者按
IF 1.8 Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.17351/ests2020.849
D. Kleinman, K. Vann
In response to the desire of the governing council of the Society for Social Studies of Science to have an online open access Society journal, we were asked to build Engaging Science, Technology, and Society. We did so and launched the journal in 2015. Today, in December 2020, we write to say farewell, and to thank the many reviewers who selflessly gave their time, energy, and expertise to support the journal and the efforts of other authors. On the eve of our departure, we delight in the strength of ESTS and the quality of papers that have been published over the six annual volumes realized since 2015. And in this moment in history, when so many incentives exist for scholars to confine their energy to self-serving activities and show indifference to the quality of literature produced, the good will and actions of the reviewers who have enabled the development and growth of ESTS are what we deeply appreciate. To those ESTS reviewers who are shown below, Thank You. And to those of you who read this, when you see those listed you should know, “There is someone who demonstrated a commitment to quality STS scholarship and to the field.”
为了响应科学社会研究学会管理委员会希望拥有一份在线开放获取的学会期刊的愿望,我们被要求建立引人入胜的科学,技术和社会。我们这样做了,并于2015年创办了该杂志。今天,在2020年12月,我们写信告别,并感谢许多无私奉献时间、精力和专业知识的审稿人,以支持期刊和其他作者的努力。在我们离开的前夕,我们对est的实力和自2015年以来出版的六期年度论文的质量感到高兴。在这个历史的时刻,当学者们有太多的动机将他们的精力局限于自私自利的活动,对所产生的文献质量漠不关心时,审稿人的善意和行动使ESTS得以发展和成长,这是我们深深感激的。对于那些在下面显示的ESTS审稿人,谢谢你们。对于那些读到这篇文章的人,当你看到这些人的名单时,你应该知道,“有人表现出对高质量STS奖学金和该领域的承诺。”
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引用次数: 0
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Engaging Science Technology and Society
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