Pub Date : 2019-09-25DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.77.88
Silvia Carnini Pulino, R. Maiolini, P. Venturi
Social entrepreneurship (third sector) is an increasingly important global economic phenomenon that is squarely under the academic lens. Social entrepreneurship represents an interesting opportunity for policy makers to explore new frontiers of economic growth and implement innovation in a potentially growing services sector with possible job opportunities coming from new job creation in the upcoming decades. Based on evidence from Italy, this paper considers the broader picture of this phenomenon. Addressing the need to better understand the drivers of social entrepreneurship policy, we propose a model for interpreting the impact of the recent Italian reform of the third sector at various levels of the ecosystem, which favors innovation, technology adaptation, and greater employability. The presented results contribute to laying the foundation for the further development of a theory of entrepreneurship policy.
{"title":"Social Entrepreneurship Policy: Evidences from the Italian Reform","authors":"Silvia Carnini Pulino, R. Maiolini, P. Venturi","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.77.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.77.88","url":null,"abstract":"Social entrepreneurship (third sector) is an increasingly important global economic phenomenon that is squarely under the academic lens. Social entrepreneurship represents an interesting opportunity for policy makers to explore new frontiers of economic growth and implement innovation in a potentially growing services sector with possible job opportunities coming from new job creation in the upcoming decades. Based on evidence from Italy, this paper considers the broader picture of this phenomenon. Addressing the need to better understand the drivers of social entrepreneurship policy, we propose a model for interpreting the impact of the recent Italian reform of the third sector at various levels of the ecosystem, which favors innovation, technology adaptation, and greater employability. The presented results contribute to laying the foundation for the further development of a theory of entrepreneurship policy.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44799502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-23DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.41.49
E. Streltsova, Gleb Kuz'min
The paper discusses the technological specialization and patent portfolios of the Russian ‘technograds’ - the cities which are the key actors in contributing to the development of new technologies in the country.A patent analysis used for the study allowed us to identify technological domains where these cities have a significant competitive advantage and high potential for further growth. According to the research-intensity of the domains prevailing in their technological specialization, the technograds might be divided into three categories: oriented towards mostly high technologies (Moscow, St Petersburg, Tomsk), low technologies (Krasnodar, Perm), and those with mixed specialization including both high and low tech (Voronezh, Ufa, Kazan, Novosibirsk, Ekaterinburg, and Samara). To achieve the aim of the research, a new methodological approach was elaborated upon to analyze patent data for individual cities and other smaller geographical units. As a result, the paper might be of interest not only for practitioners and decision makers on the regional and municipal levels, but also for researchers in the fields of regional economics, economic geography, and economics of science, technology, and innovation.
{"title":"Russian Technograds: The Technological Profiles of the Cities","authors":"E. Streltsova, Gleb Kuz'min","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.41.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.41.49","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the technological specialization and patent portfolios of the Russian ‘technograds’ - the cities which are the key actors in contributing to the development of new technologies in the country.A patent analysis used for the study allowed us to identify technological domains where these cities have a significant competitive advantage and high potential for further growth. According to the research-intensity of the domains prevailing in their technological specialization, the technograds might be divided into three categories: oriented towards mostly high technologies (Moscow, St Petersburg, Tomsk), low technologies (Krasnodar, Perm), and those with mixed specialization including both high and low tech (Voronezh, Ufa, Kazan, Novosibirsk, Ekaterinburg, and Samara). To achieve the aim of the research, a new methodological approach was elaborated upon to analyze patent data for individual cities and other smaller geographical units. As a result, the paper might be of interest not only for practitioners and decision makers on the regional and municipal levels, but also for researchers in the fields of regional economics, economic geography, and economics of science, technology, and innovation.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45682394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-23DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.51.60
N. Molotja, S. Parker, P. Mudavanhu
The paper explores the patterns of business investment in research and development (R&D) using evidence from companies in South Africa, in comparison with indicators for a number of other countries. This study covers the period 2006–2016, the studied companies were grouped by the amount of R&D expenditures (BERD), the number of reports on research performance for the first and last years of monitoring. A typical characteristic of private sector R&D activities is the uneven distribution of resources in space and time. The major financial and other assets are concentrated within few large companies from a limited number of industries, while the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises invest in R&D projects only sporadically, for a period of no more than two consequential years. Firms that perform R&D for longer periods invest in R&D incrementally and remain more persistent than enterprises performing less R&D for shorter time periods. In view of the common nature of a number of patterns, these observations suggest different approaches to policies supporting R&D performance in the business sector not only in South Africa, but also in other countries.
{"title":"Patterns of Investing into Business R&D in South Africa","authors":"N. Molotja, S. Parker, P. Mudavanhu","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.51.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.51.60","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the patterns of business investment in research and development (R&D) using evidence from companies in South Africa, in comparison with indicators for a number of other countries. This study covers the period 2006–2016, the studied companies were grouped by the amount of R&D expenditures (BERD), the number of reports on research performance for the first and last years of monitoring. A typical characteristic of private sector R&D activities is the uneven distribution of resources in space and time. The major financial and other assets are concentrated within few large companies from a limited number of industries, while the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises invest in R&D projects only sporadically, for a period of no more than two consequential years. Firms that perform R&D for longer periods invest in R&D incrementally and remain more persistent than enterprises performing less R&D for shorter time periods. In view of the common nature of a number of patterns, these observations suggest different approaches to policies supporting R&D performance in the business sector not only in South Africa, but also in other countries.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46454241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-23DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.13.22
Seongsu Kim, Yo Sop Choi
After several decades of rapid development, South Korea has recently experienced a critical economic downturn. The paper considers the prerequisites for the current state-of-the-art, as well as the new economic policy agenda aimed at fostering innovation in various sectors, thereby suggesting improved policy directions. To implement the innovation-driven policy, the Korean government produced the framework for the Innovative Platform Programme (IPP), which covers a wide range of sectors related to Industry 4.0 like artificial intelligence and blockchain. For the IPP to be successful, the authors believe, it is vital to understand and resolve the trade-offs between contradictory policy priorities - innovation-led growth, income-led growth, and a fair economy.
{"title":"The Innovative Platform Programme in South Korea: Economic Policies in Innovation-Driven Growth","authors":"Seongsu Kim, Yo Sop Choi","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.13.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.13.22","url":null,"abstract":"After several decades of rapid development, South Korea has recently experienced a critical economic downturn. The paper considers the prerequisites for the current state-of-the-art, as well as the new economic policy agenda aimed at fostering innovation in various sectors, thereby suggesting improved policy directions. To implement the innovation-driven policy, the Korean government produced the framework for the Innovative Platform Programme (IPP), which covers a wide range of sectors related to Industry 4.0 like artificial intelligence and blockchain. For the IPP to be successful, the authors believe, it is vital to understand and resolve the trade-offs between contradictory policy priorities - innovation-led growth, income-led growth, and a fair economy.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48171399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-23DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.6.12
F. Gault
The paper reviews the current state of user innovation in the business and household sectors and considers the impact of the digital economy on user innovation. A general definition of innovation, applicable in all sectors of the economy, is introduced to expand the domain of user innovation to all economic sectors, not just the business sector and households. This raises questions about innovation policy, especially in a digital economy, and how policy affects innovation in households. The outcomes of this study include the implications for skills needed to support user innovation in the different economic sectors of the digital economy and the relevance of user innovation to policy objectives.
{"title":"User Innovation in the Digital Economy","authors":"F. Gault","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.6.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.3.6.12","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reviews the current state of user innovation in the business and household sectors and considers the impact of the digital economy on user innovation. A general definition of innovation, applicable in all sectors of the economy, is introduced to expand the domain of user innovation to all economic sectors, not just the business sector and households. This raises questions about innovation policy, especially in a digital economy, and how policy affects innovation in households. The outcomes of this study include the implications for skills needed to support user innovation in the different economic sectors of the digital economy and the relevance of user innovation to policy objectives.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41908335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.62.71
M. Fritsch, Michael Wyrwich
We investigate the regional emergence of new information technology start-ups in Germany. The largest share of these start-ups is located in cities or densely populated regions that are well equipped with institutions of higher education and research. The empirical analysis clearly indicates the critical role of industry-specific knowledge plays for new. Hence, strengthening the regional knowledge base should be a key policy that aims at stimulating entrepreneurship in this sector.
{"title":"Regional Emergence of Start-Ups in Information Technologies: The Role of Knowledge, Skills and Opportunities","authors":"M. Fritsch, Michael Wyrwich","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.62.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.62.71","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the regional emergence of new information technology start-ups in Germany. The largest share of these start-ups is located in cities or densely populated regions that are well equipped with institutions of higher education and research. The empirical analysis clearly indicates the critical role of industry-specific knowledge plays for new. Hence, strengthening the regional knowledge base should be a key policy that aims at stimulating entrepreneurship in this sector.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41457101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.72.83
Marta Getts
The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) transformed global value chains by transforming them into adaptive networks of enterprises. To remain competitive, companies need to integrate themselves into these networks, which require increased flexibility in terms of reorganizing business structure and expanding the portfolio of competencies. This article attempts to find ties between the concepts of Industry 4.0 and clusters. This new viewpoint helps one discern the role clusters play in the development of necessary skills as part of this nww context. Spatial proximity provides unique opportunities for such interactions, which cannot be imitated by remote digital technologies. As a result, clusters, while meeting certain requirements, will not lose their relevance in the context of Industry 4.0, but, on the contrary, become its key driver.
{"title":"The Industry 4.0 Induced Agility and New Skills in Clusters","authors":"Marta Getts","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.72.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.72.83","url":null,"abstract":"The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) transformed global value chains by transforming them into adaptive networks of enterprises. To remain competitive, companies need to integrate themselves into these networks, which require increased flexibility in terms of reorganizing business structure and expanding the portfolio of competencies. This article attempts to find ties between the concepts of Industry 4.0 and clusters. This new viewpoint helps one discern the role clusters play in the development of necessary skills as part of this nww context. Spatial proximity provides unique opportunities for such interactions, which cannot be imitated by remote digital technologies. As a result, clusters, while meeting certain requirements, will not lose their relevance in the context of Industry 4.0, but, on the contrary, become its key driver.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42800418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.52.60
Ina Krause
{"title":"Coworking Space: A Window to the Future of Work?","authors":"Ina Krause","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.52.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.52.60","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49075998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.10.18
Frenk Fossen, Alina Sorgner
We investigate the impact of new digital technologies upon occupations. We argue that these impacts may be both destructive and transformative. The destructive effects of digitalization substitute human labor, while transformative effects of digitalization complement it. We distinguish between four broad groups of occupations that differ with regard to the impact of digitalization upon them. “Rising star” occupations are characterized by the low destructive and high transformative effects of digitalization. In contrast, “collapsing” occupations face a high risk of destructive effects. “Human terrain” occupations have low risks of both destructive and transformative digitalization, whereas “machine terrain” occupations are affected by both types. We analyze the differences between these four occupational groups in terms of the capabilities, which can be considered bottlenecks to computerization. The results help to identify which capabilities will be in demand and to what degree workers with different abilities can expect their occupations to be transformed in the digital era.
{"title":"Mapping the Future of Occupations: Transformative and Destructive Effects of New Digital Technologies on Jobs","authors":"Frenk Fossen, Alina Sorgner","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.10.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.10.18","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the impact of new digital technologies upon occupations. We argue that these impacts may be both destructive and transformative. The destructive effects of digitalization substitute human labor, while transformative effects of digitalization complement it. We distinguish between four broad groups of occupations that differ with regard to the impact of digitalization upon them. “Rising star” occupations are characterized by the low destructive and high transformative effects of digitalization. In contrast, “collapsing” occupations face a high risk of destructive effects. “Human terrain” occupations have low risks of both destructive and transformative digitalization, whereas “machine terrain” occupations are affected by both types. We analyze the differences between these four occupational groups in terms of the capabilities, which can be considered bottlenecks to computerization. The results help to identify which capabilities will be in demand and to what degree workers with different abilities can expect their occupations to be transformed in the digital era.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46284799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
В статье рассматривается влияние прорывных технологических направлений, таких как искусственный интеллект, большие данные, интернет вещей, блокчейн, на традиционные профессии и функции сотрудников банков. Выводы основаны на обширной информации, полученной в ходе исследования кадров высшей квалификации в 2017-2018 гг. и включающей результаты текст-майнинга, анализа кейсов и экспертных интервью. При оценке изменений требований к кадрам и компетенциям учитывались текущий уровень развития технологий (включая наличие реализованных проектов по внедрению продуктов и сервисов в зарубежных и российских компаниях) и вероятность замещения отдельных функций в рамках профессий автоматизированными решениями в среднесрочной перспективе. Результаты исследования показывают, что влияние технологий на функциональные блоки банковской организации неоднородно. Большинство рассмотренных профессий трансформируются в направлении расширения набора выполняемых функций, однако некоторые профессии попадают в категорию «умирающих». В ближайшие годы весь функционал по сбору и первичному анализу данных возьмут на себя автоматизированные системы, но они не заменят полностью сотрудников банков, поскольку выступают в роли вспомогательных инструментов для повышения эффективности и результативности специалистов, расширения информационной базы, ускорения процессов принятия решений, сокращения расходов, снижения рисков.
{"title":"Twenty-First Century Skills in Finance: Prospects for a Profound Job Transformation","authors":"Шматко Наталья Анатольевна, Лавриненко Алина Станиславовна","doi":"10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.42.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2019.2.42.51","url":null,"abstract":"В статье рассматривается влияние прорывных технологических направлений, таких как искусственный интеллект, большие данные, интернет вещей, блокчейн, на традиционные профессии и функции сотрудников банков. Выводы основаны на обширной информации, полученной в ходе исследования кадров высшей квалификации в 2017-2018 гг. и включающей результаты текст-майнинга, анализа кейсов и экспертных интервью. При оценке изменений требований к кадрам и компетенциям учитывались текущий уровень развития технологий (включая наличие реализованных проектов по внедрению продуктов и сервисов в зарубежных и российских компаниях) и вероятность замещения отдельных функций в рамках профессий автоматизированными решениями в среднесрочной перспективе. Результаты исследования показывают, что влияние технологий на функциональные блоки банковской организации неоднородно. Большинство рассмотренных профессий трансформируются в направлении расширения набора выполняемых функций, однако некоторые профессии попадают в категорию «умирающих». В ближайшие годы весь функционал по сбору и первичному анализу данных возьмут на себя автоматизированные системы, но они не заменят полностью сотрудников банков, поскольку выступают в роли вспомогательных инструментов для повышения эффективности и результативности специалистов, расширения информационной базы, ускорения процессов принятия решений, сокращения расходов, снижения рисков.","PeriodicalId":45026,"journal":{"name":"Foresight and STI Governance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48783702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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