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Multi-Framework Implementation of the Problem Management Process 问题管理过程的多框架实现
IF 1.2 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2021.3.94.104
Rita de Cássia de Faria Pereira, I. Bianchi, V. M. Araujo
Many different information technology frameworks have been proposed to assist organizations implementing information technology. However, these frameworks are complex, difficult to implement, and overlap with one another making their simultaneous implementation even more difficult to accomplish by organizations. This study proposes to develop an overlapless maturity model that helps organizations deal with the aforementioned problems. The model was applied and evaluated by experts at five organizations. This approach was recognized as useful, complete, and helpful in a multi-framework implementation by problem management (PM) experts. This research provides contributions for academics since it distinguishes itself from the existing studies in the body of knowledge and is a baseline for further investigation.
已经提出了许多不同的信息技术框架,以协助各组织实施信息技术。然而,这些框架很复杂,很难实施,而且彼此重叠,这使得组织更难同时实施这些框架。本研究建议开发一个过度成熟度模型,帮助组织处理上述问题。五个组织的专家对该模型进行了应用和评估。问题管理(PM)专家认为这种方法在多框架实现中是有用、完整和有帮助的。这项研究为学术界提供了贡献,因为它区别于现有的知识体系研究,是进一步调查的基线。
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引用次数: 1
Innovation Ecosystems in the Automotive Industry between Opportunities and Limitations 机遇与局限之间的汽车工业创新生态系统
IF 1.2 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2021.3.66.80
Rikardo da Sil'va, P. C. Kaminski, Rafael Ortega Marin
The creation of effective innovation ecosystems (IES) at the national or sectoral level remains a difficult and not always feasible task. Basing on evidence from the Brazilian automotive industry, a case of unused opportunities for building a strong IES is considered. This is due to the insensitivity of such ecosystems to new complicated configurations and the formats of non-traditional interaction that they suggest - a “new ecology of competition”, etc. The internal context of companies in relation to the practice of open innovation has been studied. Despite joint projects with close value chain partners, carmakers are showing a closed attitude to external collaboration, unlike players in industries such as aerospace or information and communications technology that gained growth and major transformation by building a broader IES. Only a high demand from the government for creating a strong IES can change the situation.
在国家或部门层面建立有效的创新生态系统仍然是一项困难的任务,并不总是可行的。根据巴西汽车行业的证据,考虑了一个建立强大IES的未利用机会的案例。这是由于这些生态系统对新的复杂配置和它们所暗示的非传统互动形式——“竞争的新生态”等——不敏感。已经研究了公司与开放创新实践相关的内部背景。尽管汽车制造商与紧密的价值链合作伙伴开展了联合项目,但他们对外部合作表现出了封闭的态度,这与航空航天或信息通信技术等行业的参与者不同,后者通过建立更广泛的IES获得了增长和重大转型。只有政府对建立一个强大的IES的高要求才能改变这种情况。
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引用次数: 2
Identification of the Technology Frontier 技术前沿的识别
IF 1.2 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2021.3.23.34
E. Balatsky
The subject of this study is the innovation market. To understand the laws of its functioning, this article introduces the concept of a technology frontier. This is understood as the relative productivity of labor (relative to the technological leader – the United States), the achievement of which makes it justified for developing economies to move from large-scale borrowing of foreign new technologies to their development within the country. The purpose of the article is to determine the specified frontier, for which a simple econometric model based on international statistics for 61 countries is proposed. To improve the accuracy of the calculations, countries were clustered into two groups: advanced, for which the technology frontier has been crossed and their own developments of new technologies prevail, and developing, for which the problem of the technology frontier remains important. The current value of the technology frontier is in the region of 70% of labor productivity in the United States. The comparison with previous estimates shows that this value tends to increase, which creates additional difficulties for the transition of catching-up countries from the mode of borrowing to the mode of creating new technologies. Taking into account the technological frontier allows avoiding both an undue delay in the development of proprietary technologies as well as a premature transition to the creation of innovations while ignoring the possibilities of borrowing.
本研究的主题是创新市场。为了理解其运作的规律,本文引入了技术前沿的概念。这被理解为劳动力的相对生产力(相对于技术领先者美国),这一成就使发展中经济体有理由从大规模借用外国新技术转向在国内发展。本文的目的是确定特定的边界,为此提出了一个基于61个国家国际统计数据的简单计量模型。为了提高计算的准确性,将国家分为两类:先进国家和发展中国家,前者跨越了技术前沿,本国的新技术发展占主导地位;后者的技术前沿问题仍然很重要。技术前沿的当前价值在美国劳动生产率的70%左右。与以往估计数的比较表明,这一数值往往会增加,这给追赶国家从借贷模式向创造新技术模式的过渡带来了额外的困难。考虑到技术前沿,既可以避免专有技术开发的过度延迟,也可以避免过早过渡到创新创造,同时忽略借贷的可能性。
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引用次数: 2
Transformation of Value in Innovative Business Models: The Case of Pharmaceutical Market 创新商业模式中的价值转换——以医药市场为例
IF 1.2 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2021.3.52.65
D. Klimanov, O. Tretyak, Uri Goren, Timothy White
Creating and developing innovative business models (BM) is currently one of the key success factors for contemporary business. Rapid complex changes in the world reemphasize the need to better understand how BM can be successfully innovated in different markets. The digital component of BM innovation comes under a special spotlight, using the example of a company within the pharmaceutical industry. In particular, this study demonstrates how BM innovation can be developed and implemented in practice within the pharmaceutical market, which accelerates its digital transformation to increase the value it brings to the healthcare systems around the world while sustaining the ongoing crisis. In order to do that, the current paper offers a framework for BM innovation that defines BM elements, BM innovation aspects, and BM innovation logic. The study covers six markets that represent different value creation systems and mechanisms. This paper demonstrates how technological innovations can be activated using managerial tools and insights and also how they can be combined into the holistic system based on the needs of the key value chain actors.
创建和发展创新的商业模式(BM)是当代商业成功的关键因素之一。世界的快速复杂变化再次强调了更好地理解BM如何在不同市场成功创新的必要性。BM创新的数字部分受到了特别的关注,以制药行业的一家公司为例。特别是,这项研究展示了如何在制药市场的实践中开发和实施BM创新,从而加速其数字化转型,增加其为世界各地的医疗系统带来的价值,同时维持持续的危机。为了做到这一点,本文为BM创新提供了一个框架,定义了BM要素、BM创新方面和BM创新逻辑。该研究涵盖了代表不同价值创造体系和机制的六个市场。本文展示了如何利用管理工具和见解激活技术创新,以及如何根据关键价值链参与者的需求将其结合到整体系统中。
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引用次数: 8
New Strategic Approaches to Gaining from Emerging Advanced Manufacturing Markets 从新兴先进制造业市场获利的新战略途径
IF 1.2 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2021.3.6.21
Y. Simachev, A. Fedyunina, M. Yurevich, M. Kuzyk, N. Gorodnyi
Advanced Manufacturing (AM) markets are a major factor of contemporary worldwide growth that to a large extent determines countries’ competitiveness. Strengthening and/or optimizing the positions on AM markets is among the major challenges for modern industrial policy. This article discusses the structure and dynamics of the development of advanced manufacturing markets, as well as the specifics of the policies of the countries strengthening their positions in these markets. Gaining entry into AM markets currently implies individual countries’ and industries’ adopting different models which combine a wide range of factors. Small nations are rapidly applying such approaches, gaining advantages and thus increasing their competitive edge, which creates certain challenges for leading high-tech countries too slow to adjust their industrial policies. So far the basis for Industry 4.0 markets is just emerging, and remains limited to a few nations including developing ones. Country cases are presented below to illustrate the development of AM markets. The authors conclude that in the current context, no universal approaches to shaping a successful industrial policy remain. The most productive strategy is to combine the unique advantages of a particular economy.
先进制造(AM)市场是当代全球增长的主要因素,在很大程度上决定了各国的竞争力。加强和/或优化AM市场的地位是现代产业政策的主要挑战之一。本文讨论了先进制造业市场发展的结构和动态,以及各国加强其在这些市场中的地位的政策细节。目前,进入AM市场意味着各个国家和行业采用不同的模式,这些模式结合了广泛的因素。小国正在迅速应用这些方法,获得优势,从而增加其竞争优势,这给调整工业政策速度太慢的领先高科技国家带来了某些挑战。到目前为止,工业4.0市场的基础才刚刚出现,而且仍然局限于包括发展中国家在内的少数国家。以下是国家案例,以说明AM市场的发展。作者的结论是,在目前的背景下,没有形成成功的产业政策的通用方法。最有成效的策略是将特定经济体的独特优势结合起来。
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引用次数: 6
Green digitalization in the electric power industry 电力行业的绿色数字化
IF 1.2 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2021.3.35.51
Julia Turovets, L. Proskuryakova, Alena Starodubtseva, V. Bianco
The lasting global economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic allows decision-makers and societies to re-think the basis and drivers of economic growth, laying the foundation for sustainable development. The green economic recovery takes place with a leading role played by the energy industry. This paper focuses on the application and desired effects of green digital technologies in the electric power industry in ten countries — the largest electricity producers and consumers. The study is designed in the framework of the sectoral innovation systems concept. The research tasks were addressed, first, through horizon scanning (the analysis of research and analytical publications). Second, the green digitialization indicators for the electric power industry in the selected countries were identified with the use of statistical and other available reliable data and compared. Third, a comparative analysis of national strategic documents was performed, along with corporate tasks and indicators that reflect the digital transformation at micro level. As a result of the study, key trends and three models of green digitalization at the national level were identified, the prerequisites and potential social and economic effects of the application of these technologies in electric power industry were described.
2019冠状病毒病大流行造成的全球经济持续低迷,促使决策者和社会重新思考经济增长的基础和动力,为可持续发展奠定基础。绿色经济复苏以能源产业为主导。本文主要研究绿色数字技术在十个最大的电力生产国和消费国的电力工业中的应用和预期效果。该研究是在部门创新系统概念的框架内设计的。首先,通过水平扫描(研究和分析出版物的分析)解决了研究任务。其次,利用统计和其他可获得的可靠数据确定所选国家电力行业的绿色数字化指标并进行比较。第三,对比分析国家战略文件,以及微观层面反映数字化转型的企业任务和指标。在此基础上,提出了国家层面绿色数字化发展的主要趋势和三种模式,并阐述了这些技术在电力行业应用的前提条件和潜在的社会经济效应。
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引用次数: 5
Forecasting Technology Trends through the Gap Between Science and Technology: The Case of Software as an E-Commerce Service 通过科技差距预测技术趋势:以软件作为电子商务服务为例
IF 1.2 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2021.2.12.24
T. Daim, Esraa Bukhari, Dana Bakry, J. VanHuis, Haydar Yalçın, Xiaoli Wang
Identifying technology trends can be a key success factor for companies to be competitive and take advantage of technological trends before they occur. The companies always work to plan for future products and services. For that, it is important to turn to methods that are used for technology forecasting. These tools help the companies to define potential markets for innovative new products and services. This paper uses text mining techniques along with expert judgment to detect and analyze the near-term technology evolution trends in a Software as a Service (SaaS) case study. The longer-term technology development trend in this case is forecasted by analyzing the gaps between science and technology. This paper contributes to the technology forecasting methodology and will be of interest to those in SaaS technology. Our findings reveal five trends in the technology: 1) virtual networking, 2) the hybrid cloud, 3) modeling methodologies, 4) mobile applications, and 5) web applications. Among the results achieved, we can summarize the interesting ones as follows: it is possible to say that traditional information systems are now evolving into online information systems. On the other hand, the use of a licensing model based on subscriptions triggers the change in perpetual licensing models. The product range that has evolved towards mobile technologies has put pressure on information storage technologies and has led to the search for new methods especially in the development of database systems.
识别技术趋势是公司保持竞争力并在技术趋势出现之前利用技术趋势的关键成功因素。这些公司总是为未来的产品和服务做计划。为此,转向用于技术预测的方法是很重要的。这些工具有助于公司确定创新新产品和服务的潜在市场。本文使用文本挖掘技术和专家判断来检测和分析软件即服务(SaaS)案例研究中的近期技术发展趋势。通过分析科学与技术之间的差距,预测了这种情况下的长期技术发展趋势。本文有助于技术预测方法,并将引起SaaS技术人员的兴趣。我们的研究结果揭示了该技术的五个趋势:1)虚拟网络,2)混合云,3)建模方法,4)移动应用程序和5)web应用程序。在所取得的成果中,我们可以将有趣的成果总结如下:可以说,传统的信息系统现在正在演变为在线信息系统。另一方面,使用基于订阅的许可模式会触发永久许可模式的变化。向移动技术发展的产品范围给信息存储技术带来了压力,并促使人们寻找新的方法,尤其是在开发数据库系统方面。
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引用次数: 3
Roadmapping in the Era of Uncertainty: How to Integrate Data-Driven Methods with Expert Insights 不确定性时代的路线图:如何将数据驱动的方法与专家见解相结合
IF 1.2 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2021.2.39.51
Sungjoon Lee, Kook Jin Jang, Myung Han Lee, Seong Ryong Shin
Roadmapping has long been regarded as a practical tool for supporting decision-making for science and technology innovation and it has received recent attention for its potential use in responses to uncertainty. Indeed, roadmapping enables forward-looking strategy making and thus helps to reduce uncertainty. Accordingly, numerous studies have been conducted to propose new approaches to roadmapping for a wide range of contexts, including the data-driven and expert-based approaches. Although these two main approaches have distinct advantages and disadvantages, few previous studies have focused on how to integrate them into roadmapping to better support decision-making related to science and technology innovation. To address this research gap, this study investigated how to integrate data-driven approaches with expert insights during roadmapping. For this purpose, a workshop-based roadmapping method was combined with data-driven methods to test this approach in the context of technology planning for the automobile industry. An ethnographic approach was used to collect data on when, where, and how data analysis must be conducted to support experts’ discussions. The research findings open a discussion regarding how to integrate data-driven methods with expert insights during roadmapping based on the trade-offs between the two types of data, that is, hard data for data-driven methods and soft data from expert insights, and suggest possible opportunities for future roadmapping developments.
长期以来,路线图一直被视为支持科学和技术创新决策的实用工具,最近因其在应对不确定性方面的潜在用途而受到关注。事实上,路线图有助于制定前瞻性战略,从而有助于减少不确定性。因此,已经进行了大量研究,以提出适用于各种背景的路线图新方法,包括数据驱动和基于专家的方法。尽管这两种主要方法有明显的优势和劣势,但以前很少有研究关注如何将它们整合到路线图中,以更好地支持与科技创新相关的决策。为了填补这一研究空白,本研究调查了如何在路线图绘制过程中将数据驱动的方法与专家见解相结合。为此,将基于车间的路线图方法与数据驱动方法相结合,在汽车行业技术规划的背景下测试这种方法。民族志方法用于收集数据,说明必须在何时、何地以及如何进行数据分析,以支持专家的讨论。研究结果开启了一场关于如何在路线图绘制过程中,基于两种类型的数据(即数据驱动方法的硬数据和专家见解的软数据)之间的权衡,将数据驱动方法与专家见解相结合的讨论,并为未来的路线图开发提供了可能的机会。
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引用次数: 3
Foresight and Roadmapping Methodology: Trends and Outlook 前瞻性和路线图方法:趋势和展望
IF 1.2 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2021.2.5.11
Y. Kishita
This guest editorial article introduces contextual and theoretical frameworks of foresight and futures studies’ methodology. Outstanding questions relating to methodological development are then addressed. This is followed by an introduction to five papers that make important methodological contributions. The article ends by a call for further research on the questions that have been identified, but remain unanswered.
这篇客座社论文章介绍了前瞻和期货研究方法论的背景和理论框架。然后讨论与方法发展有关的悬而未决的问题。接下来是对五篇在方法论上做出重要贡献的论文的介绍。文章最后呼吁对已确定但仍未得到解答的问题进行进一步研究。
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引用次数: 9
Knowledge Co-Creation Roadmapping for Future Industrial Visions: Case Study on Smart Infrastructure 未来工业愿景的知识共同创造路线图:智能基础设施案例研究
IF 1.2 Q3 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.17323/2500-2597.2021.2.52.64
Hisashi Murata, Kotaro Nakamura, K. Shirahada
This paper proposes a knowledge co-creation roadmapping tool for knowledge creation in future-oriented discussions for members of competing firms with the aim of co-creatively envisioning the future of the industry. This approach adapts the roadmapping method to knowledge creation, thus building a communication infrastructure for discussing future plans beyond an organization (i.e., participants are from competing companies). Knowledge co-creation roadmapping could be commissioned to an open industry organization consisting of members sent by individual companies interested in overcoming obstacles to development. We put our method into practice with the subcommittee of the Engineering Advancement Association of Japan and set the subject as “The Future of Smart Social Infrastructure”, a theme involving multiple stakeholders. We were able to draw up a vision of smart technology on the basis of the insights gained through the roadmapping activities. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in terms of acquiring knowledge that could not be obtained by our own company or a single industry organization alone.
本文提出了一种知识共创路线图工具,用于在面向未来的讨论中为竞争企业的成员创造知识,目的是共同创造性地展望行业的未来。这种方法将路线图方法应用于知识创造,从而建立了一个沟通基础设施,用于讨论组织之外的未来计划(即参与者来自竞争公司)。可以委托一个开放的行业组织制定知识共创路线图,该组织由有兴趣克服发展障碍的个别公司派出的成员组成。我们与日本工程促进会的小组委员会一起将我们的方法付诸实践,并将主题定为“智能社会基础设施的未来”,这是一个涉及多个利益相关者的主题。我们能够在通过路线图活动获得的见解的基础上制定智能技术的愿景。这些结果证明了我们的方法在获取知识方面的有效性,而这些知识是我们自己的公司或单个行业组织无法单独获得的。
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引用次数: 4
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Foresight and STI Governance
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