Additive manufacturing is poised to enable the next biomedical revolution, where customized, patient-specific tools, therapies, pharmaceuticals, and even replacement organs are taking strides in the biomedical research and development space. Polymeric materials are capable of making inroads in a wide variety of biomedical applications, and in recent years a growing number are being used with additive manufacturing techniques. This review highlights some of the emerging classes of polymers used in additive manufacturing and examples of their use in biomedical applications, with a focus on the delineation of ‘hard’ polymers versus ‘soft’ polymers and the specific applications where they are utilized.
{"title":"Emerging polymeric materials in additive manufacturing for use in biomedical applications","authors":"A. Gladman, M. Garcia‐Leiner, A. Sauer-Budge","doi":"10.3934/bioeng.2019.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2019.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing is poised to enable the next biomedical revolution, where customized, patient-specific tools, therapies, pharmaceuticals, and even replacement organs are taking strides in the biomedical research and development space. Polymeric materials are capable of making inroads in a wide variety of biomedical applications, and in recent years a growing number are being used with additive manufacturing techniques. This review highlights some of the emerging classes of polymers used in additive manufacturing and examples of their use in biomedical applications, with a focus on the delineation of ‘hard’ polymers versus ‘soft’ polymers and the specific applications where they are utilized.","PeriodicalId":45029,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Bioengineering","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84739010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01Epub Date: 2016-07-25DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2016.3.305
Joseph M Chambers, Robert A McKee, Bridgette E Drummond, Rebecca A Wingert
The kidney is a complex organ whose excretory and regulatory functions are vital for maintaining homeostasis. Previous techniques used to study the kidney, including various animal models and 2D cell culture systems to investigate the mechanisms of renal development and regeneration have many benefits but also possess inherent shortcomings. Some of those limitations can be addressed using the emerging technology of 3D organoids. An organoid is a 3D cluster of differentiated cells that are developed ex vivo by addition of various growth factors that result in a miniature organ containing structures present in the tissue of origin. Here, we discuss renal organoids, their development, and how they can be employed to further understand kidney development and disease.
{"title":"Evolving technology: creating kidney organoids from stem cells.","authors":"Joseph M Chambers, Robert A McKee, Bridgette E Drummond, Rebecca A Wingert","doi":"10.3934/bioeng.2016.3.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2016.3.305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The kidney is a complex organ whose excretory and regulatory functions are vital for maintaining homeostasis. Previous techniques used to study the kidney, including various animal models and 2D cell culture systems to investigate the mechanisms of renal development and regeneration have many benefits but also possess inherent shortcomings. Some of those limitations can be addressed using the emerging technology of 3D organoids. An organoid is a 3D cluster of differentiated cells that are developed <i>ex vivo</i> by addition of various growth factors that result in a miniature organ containing structures present in the tissue of origin. Here, we discuss renal organoids, their development, and how they can be employed to further understand kidney development and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45029,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Bioengineering","volume":"3 3","pages":"305-318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5381928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34898433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Po-Yeh Lin, Chien-Ming Chen, J. Lee, Yu-Chia Cheng
Optical activity and its relation to molecular chirality are significant in the measurement of optical rotation or circular dichroism characteristics to determine the absolute configuration of a chiral molecule. A quarter-wave plate, which is usually made from quartz, can convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. In this study, we suggest using l-lactic acid (l-LA), a chiral material, and a water-based transparent glue to produce biodegradable films. Adjusting the number of thin layers, which are deposited from the mixture of l-LA and polyvinyl alcohol, leads to different phase differences, forming l-LA films. A modified microscope system was used to observe the appearance of the l-LA wave plates. Six layers and 0.8% l-LA solution were the optimal conditions to fabricate an l-LA film. The circular polarization experiment showed that the changes in maximum and minimum light intensity were within 2% compared to the average light intensity at a specific angle of the l-LA film. The performance of the l-LA film was consistent with that of a commercial quarter-wave plate. In conclusion, circularly polarized light was successfully produced using the l-LA film. The biodegradable l-LA film has widespread application in the field of biomedicine. Featured Application: l-Lactic acid film uses biodegradable and biocompatible materials. It can produce circularly polarized light and is beneficial for application in biomedicine.
{"title":"Fabrication of biodegradable films using l-lactate as a chiral material to produce circularly polarized light","authors":"Po-Yeh Lin, Chien-Ming Chen, J. Lee, Yu-Chia Cheng","doi":"10.3934/bioeng.2022024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2022024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Optical activity and its relation to molecular chirality are significant in the measurement of optical rotation or circular dichroism characteristics to determine the absolute configuration of a chiral molecule. A quarter-wave plate, which is usually made from quartz, can convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. In this study, we suggest using l-lactic acid (l-LA), a chiral material, and a water-based transparent glue to produce biodegradable films. Adjusting the number of thin layers, which are deposited from the mixture of l-LA and polyvinyl alcohol, leads to different phase differences, forming l-LA films. A modified microscope system was used to observe the appearance of the l-LA wave plates. Six layers and 0.8% l-LA solution were the optimal conditions to fabricate an l-LA film. The circular polarization experiment showed that the changes in maximum and minimum light intensity were within 2% compared to the average light intensity at a specific angle of the l-LA film. The performance of the l-LA film was consistent with that of a commercial quarter-wave plate. In conclusion, circularly polarized light was successfully produced using the l-LA film. The biodegradable l-LA film has widespread application in the field of biomedicine. Featured Application: l-Lactic acid film uses biodegradable and biocompatible materials. It can produce circularly polarized light and is beneficial for application in biomedicine.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45029,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Bioengineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82274469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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