We explore the integration of biotechnology and information technology in healthcare innovation. The convergence of these fields has revolutionized diagnostics, therapeutics and patient management. Biotechnology advancements, such as genomics and molecular diagnostics, enable personalized medicine, while information technology facilitates data management and analysis. The integration also extends healthcare access through telemedicine and remote patient monitoring, enhancing healthcare delivery in underserved areas. Challenges include data security and privacy concerns. Looking ahead, the integration of biotechnology and information technology holds immense potential for further healthcare innovation, transforming patient outcomes and healthcare delivery.
{"title":"Transforming healthcare with the synergy of biotechnology and information technology","authors":"Leelakrishna Reddy, Segun Akinola","doi":"10.3934/bioeng.2023025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2023025","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>We explore the integration of biotechnology and information technology in healthcare innovation. The convergence of these fields has revolutionized diagnostics, therapeutics and patient management. Biotechnology advancements, such as genomics and molecular diagnostics, enable personalized medicine, while information technology facilitates data management and analysis. The integration also extends healthcare access through telemedicine and remote patient monitoring, enhancing healthcare delivery in underserved areas. Challenges include data security and privacy concerns. Looking ahead, the integration of biotechnology and information technology holds immense potential for further healthcare innovation, transforming patient outcomes and healthcare delivery.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":45029,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Bioengineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135659465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anirudh Gupta, B. Kale, D. Masurkar, Priyanka Jaiswal
Dental implant treatment is turning into a widely accepted and popular treatment option for patients. With the growing era of dental implant therapy, complications and failures have also become common. Such intricacies are becoming a vexing issue for clinicians as well as patients. Implant failures can be due to mechanical or biological reasons. Failure of osseointegration of the implant falls under biological failures, whereas mechanical complications include fracture of the implant, framework or prosthetic components. Diligently observing the implant after placement is the first step in managing the declining circumstances. It is important to have a thorough understanding of how and why implants fail to achieve successful treatment outcomes in the long run. In dentistry, nanoparticles are used to make antibacterial chemicals that improve dental implants. They can be used in conjunction with acrylic resins for fabricating removable dentures during prosthetic treatments, composite resins for direct restoration during restorative treatments, endodontic irrigants and obturation materials during endodontic procedures, orthodontic adhesives and titanium coating during dental implant procedures. This article aimed to review the etiological factors that lead to implant failure and their solutions.
{"title":"Etiology of dental implant complication and failure—an overview","authors":"Anirudh Gupta, B. Kale, D. Masurkar, Priyanka Jaiswal","doi":"10.3934/bioeng.2023010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2023010","url":null,"abstract":"Dental implant treatment is turning into a widely accepted and popular treatment option for patients. With the growing era of dental implant therapy, complications and failures have also become common. Such intricacies are becoming a vexing issue for clinicians as well as patients. Implant failures can be due to mechanical or biological reasons. Failure of osseointegration of the implant falls under biological failures, whereas mechanical complications include fracture of the implant, framework or prosthetic components. Diligently observing the implant after placement is the first step in managing the declining circumstances. It is important to have a thorough understanding of how and why implants fail to achieve successful treatment outcomes in the long run. In dentistry, nanoparticles are used to make antibacterial chemicals that improve dental implants. They can be used in conjunction with acrylic resins for fabricating removable dentures during prosthetic treatments, composite resins for direct restoration during restorative treatments, endodontic irrigants and obturation materials during endodontic procedures, orthodontic adhesives and titanium coating during dental implant procedures. This article aimed to review the etiological factors that lead to implant failure and their solutions.","PeriodicalId":45029,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Bioengineering","volume":"56 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89395471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanishka Taori, A. Borle, Shefali Maheshwari, Amit Reche
Craniofacial tissue-engineered techniques have significantly improved over the past 20 years as a result of developments in engineering and in material science. The regeneration of the craniofacial tissue is frequently complicated due to the craniofacial region's complexity, which includes bone, cartilage, soft tissue, and neurovascular bundles. It is now possible to construct tissues in the lab using scaffolds, cells, and physiologically active chemicals. For bone repair/augmentation, the biomaterials are classified into natural like “collagen, fibrin, alginate, silk, hyaluronate, chitosan” and synthetic like “polyethyleneglycol, poly-e-caprolactone, polyglycolic acid” and some bioceramics “tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, biphasic calcium phosphate, and the bioactive glasses” along with metals certain (Titanium and Zirconia ) and as this is part of advanced tissue engineering in dentistry there are some bioactive restorative materials like mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine. The newer advanced techniques like 3D printed templates present a framework for achieving the three pillars of tissue engineering: healing, rebuilding and rejuvenation. The field of tissue engineering has recently become interested in 3D printing, also known as “Additive Manufacturing”, which is a ground-breaking technique that allows for the printing of patient-specific scaffolds, medical devices, multiscale, biomimetic/intricate cytoarchitecture/function-structure hierarchies and multicellular tissues in complex microenvironments. Biopolymers use is dependent on meeting the criteria for various scaffolds, including mechanical integrity, thermal stability, chemical composition, along with biological properties. Researchers have developed a revolutionary 4D bioprinting technique using cell traction forces and they are used to develop intricate dynamic structures, smart medical devices, or complex human organs.
{"title":"An insight into the biomaterials used in craniofacial tissue engineering inclusive of regenerative dentistry","authors":"Tanishka Taori, A. Borle, Shefali Maheshwari, Amit Reche","doi":"10.3934/bioeng.2023011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2023011","url":null,"abstract":"Craniofacial tissue-engineered techniques have significantly improved over the past 20 years as a result of developments in engineering and in material science. The regeneration of the craniofacial tissue is frequently complicated due to the craniofacial region's complexity, which includes bone, cartilage, soft tissue, and neurovascular bundles. It is now possible to construct tissues in the lab using scaffolds, cells, and physiologically active chemicals. For bone repair/augmentation, the biomaterials are classified into natural like “collagen, fibrin, alginate, silk, hyaluronate, chitosan” and synthetic like “polyethyleneglycol, poly-e-caprolactone, polyglycolic acid” and some bioceramics “tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, biphasic calcium phosphate, and the bioactive glasses” along with metals certain (Titanium and Zirconia ) and as this is part of advanced tissue engineering in dentistry there are some bioactive restorative materials like mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine. The newer advanced techniques like 3D printed templates present a framework for achieving the three pillars of tissue engineering: healing, rebuilding and rejuvenation. The field of tissue engineering has recently become interested in 3D printing, also known as “Additive Manufacturing”, which is a ground-breaking technique that allows for the printing of patient-specific scaffolds, medical devices, multiscale, biomimetic/intricate cytoarchitecture/function-structure hierarchies and multicellular tissues in complex microenvironments. Biopolymers use is dependent on meeting the criteria for various scaffolds, including mechanical integrity, thermal stability, chemical composition, along with biological properties. Researchers have developed a revolutionary 4D bioprinting technique using cell traction forces and they are used to develop intricate dynamic structures, smart medical devices, or complex human organs.","PeriodicalId":45029,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Bioengineering","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76434800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global health problem often caused by the inability of pancreatic islets to compensate for the high insulin demand due to apoptosis. However, the complex mechanisms underlying the activation of apoptosis and its counter process, anti-apoptosis, during T2D remain unclear. In this study, we employed bioinformatics and systems biology approaches to understand the anti-apoptosis-associated gene expression and the biological network in the pancreatic islets of T2D mice. First, gene expression data from four peripheral tissues (islets, liver, muscle and adipose) were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in T2D compared to non-T2D mouse strains. Our comparative analysis revealed that Gm2036 is upregulated across all four tissues in T2D and is functionally associated with increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels, which may alter the signal transduction pathways controlling metabolic processes. Next, our study focused on islets and performed functional enrichment analysis, which revealed that upregulated genes are significantly associated with sucrose and fructose metabolic processes, as well as negative regulation of neuron apoptosis. Using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool of QIAGEN, gene regulatory networks and their biological effects were analyzed, which revealed that glucose is associated with the underlying change in gene expression in the islets of T2D; and an activated gene regulatory network—containing upregulated CCK, ATF3, JUNB, NR4A1, GAST and downregulated DPP4—is possibly inhibiting apoptosis of islets and β-cells in T2D. Our computational-based study has identified a putative regulatory network that may facilitate the survival of pancreatic islets in T2D; however, further validation in a larger sample size is needed. Our results provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of T2D and may offer potential targets for developing more efficacious treatments.
{"title":"Deciphering the gene regulatory network associated with anti-apoptosis in the pancreatic islets of type 2 diabetes mice using computational approaches","authors":"F. Ahmed","doi":"10.3934/bioeng.2023009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2023009","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global health problem often caused by the inability of pancreatic islets to compensate for the high insulin demand due to apoptosis. However, the complex mechanisms underlying the activation of apoptosis and its counter process, anti-apoptosis, during T2D remain unclear. In this study, we employed bioinformatics and systems biology approaches to understand the anti-apoptosis-associated gene expression and the biological network in the pancreatic islets of T2D mice. First, gene expression data from four peripheral tissues (islets, liver, muscle and adipose) were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in T2D compared to non-T2D mouse strains. Our comparative analysis revealed that Gm2036 is upregulated across all four tissues in T2D and is functionally associated with increased cytosolic Ca2+ levels, which may alter the signal transduction pathways controlling metabolic processes. Next, our study focused on islets and performed functional enrichment analysis, which revealed that upregulated genes are significantly associated with sucrose and fructose metabolic processes, as well as negative regulation of neuron apoptosis. Using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool of QIAGEN, gene regulatory networks and their biological effects were analyzed, which revealed that glucose is associated with the underlying change in gene expression in the islets of T2D; and an activated gene regulatory network—containing upregulated CCK, ATF3, JUNB, NR4A1, GAST and downregulated DPP4—is possibly inhibiting apoptosis of islets and β-cells in T2D. Our computational-based study has identified a putative regulatory network that may facilitate the survival of pancreatic islets in T2D; however, further validation in a larger sample size is needed. Our results provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of T2D and may offer potential targets for developing more efficacious treatments.","PeriodicalId":45029,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Bioengineering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81814847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background At present, radiotherapy (RT) is widely used in cancer treatment, but traditional RT methods using ionizing radiation cannot avoid damage to normal tissues. Therefore, the development of a more precise RT is an important research direction for relevant researchers. Concurrently, research on radiosensitizers (RSs) using nanotechnology is developing rapidly, and RSs that are selective for cancerous tissues or cancer cells may become an important part of future precision RT. Methods Using RSs and RT as keywords, the relevant papers in the PubMed database from 2013 to 2022 were summarized. Articles on RS with selectivity to cancer tissue were collected. Among the selected articles, RSs were classified into “active selectivity”, “passive selectivity” and “others” according to the different selectivity principles of RSs. Results A total of 771 articles were retrieved from PubMed. After screening, the research content of the remaining 79 articles was found to be related to the selectivity of RSs to cancer tissues. Among them, 28 articles were classified as “active selectivity”, and most of the sensitizers in this category could target specific targets in cancer tissues. There were 30 papers classified as “passive selectivity” and the selectivity principles were mainly the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, aggregation caused by pH sensitivity, and aggregation in anoxic environments. There were 21 papers classified as “others”. The sensitizers in these studies showed selectivity for cancer tissue, but the mechanism was not clear. This review attempts to summarize studies on RSs that are selective for cancer tissues. Conclusions We reviewed nearly ten years of literature on selective RSs and classified the selectivity of different RSs into active and passive selectivities.
{"title":"A systematic review on the development of radiosensitizers, with cancer selectivity, for radiotherapy using ionizing radiation","authors":"Hengmao Zhang, Haobo Zhao, M. Chi, Kaizhen Yang, Yukang Chen, Jiahui Mao, Peilin Li, Zukang Wang, Fa-liang Song, Wenxuan Guo, Miyu Sakai, Junko Takahashi","doi":"10.3934/bioeng.2023008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2023008","url":null,"abstract":"Background At present, radiotherapy (RT) is widely used in cancer treatment, but traditional RT methods using ionizing radiation cannot avoid damage to normal tissues. Therefore, the development of a more precise RT is an important research direction for relevant researchers. Concurrently, research on radiosensitizers (RSs) using nanotechnology is developing rapidly, and RSs that are selective for cancerous tissues or cancer cells may become an important part of future precision RT. Methods Using RSs and RT as keywords, the relevant papers in the PubMed database from 2013 to 2022 were summarized. Articles on RS with selectivity to cancer tissue were collected. Among the selected articles, RSs were classified into “active selectivity”, “passive selectivity” and “others” according to the different selectivity principles of RSs. Results A total of 771 articles were retrieved from PubMed. After screening, the research content of the remaining 79 articles was found to be related to the selectivity of RSs to cancer tissues. Among them, 28 articles were classified as “active selectivity”, and most of the sensitizers in this category could target specific targets in cancer tissues. There were 30 papers classified as “passive selectivity” and the selectivity principles were mainly the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, aggregation caused by pH sensitivity, and aggregation in anoxic environments. There were 21 papers classified as “others”. The sensitizers in these studies showed selectivity for cancer tissue, but the mechanism was not clear. This review attempts to summarize studies on RSs that are selective for cancer tissues. Conclusions We reviewed nearly ten years of literature on selective RSs and classified the selectivity of different RSs into active and passive selectivities.","PeriodicalId":45029,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Bioengineering","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89066867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides an overview of nanoscale antenna systems in wireless communications and emerging biomedical applications. The research examines the importance of nanoscale antennas and the significance of nanotechnology in antenna layout. It delves into numerous layout concerns along with challenges of miniaturization, frequency selection and trade-offs between size, bandwidth, performance and radiation properties. The paper also explores the role of nanomaterials in antenna packages, specializing in their properties and overall performance-improving properties. It explores synthetic methods and techniques for incorporating nanomaterials into antenna designs, opening the way for new designs and improved performance. In the field of wireless communication, the article includes miniaturized antennas for wearable devices, Internet of Things (IoT) applications, millimeter wave, terahertz communication systems and it also explores antenna designs for compact wireless devices with constrained form factors overcoming challenges due to size limitations. In the biomedical field, antennas integrated into implantable medical devices and biosensing platforms are explored. The article examines the use and fabrication of biocompatible materials for biomedical antennas by considering their applicability in biomedical environments. Performance analysis and characterization techniques for nanoscale antennas are presented, including calibration methods, radiation sample analysis, gain, efficiency, impedance matching and analysis of performance parameters in various typical application scenarios. It helps to optimize antenna configuration for various cases. The article concludes with a discussion of key findings and contributions to the study. It highlights future directions and potential developments in nanoscale antenna systems, including power efficiency and energy collection, reliability and robustness in active areas and integration with wireless communication systems and networking. Finally, this article presents treasured insights into the design, fabric packages and research of nanoscale antenna systems. It gives a roadmap for future studies and improvement, focusing on the transformative capability of nanoscale antennas in Wi-Fi communications and biomedical applications.
{"title":"Nanoscale antenna systems: Transforming wireless communications and biomedical applications","authors":"Segun Akinola, Leelakrishna Reddy","doi":"10.3934/bioeng.2023019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2023019","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>This article provides an overview of nanoscale antenna systems in wireless communications and emerging biomedical applications. The research examines the importance of nanoscale antennas and the significance of nanotechnology in antenna layout. It delves into numerous layout concerns along with challenges of miniaturization, frequency selection and trade-offs between size, bandwidth, performance and radiation properties. The paper also explores the role of nanomaterials in antenna packages, specializing in their properties and overall performance-improving properties. It explores synthetic methods and techniques for incorporating nanomaterials into antenna designs, opening the way for new designs and improved performance. In the field of wireless communication, the article includes miniaturized antennas for wearable devices, Internet of Things (IoT) applications, millimeter wave, terahertz communication systems and it also explores antenna designs for compact wireless devices with constrained form factors overcoming challenges due to size limitations. In the biomedical field, antennas integrated into implantable medical devices and biosensing platforms are explored. The article examines the use and fabrication of biocompatible materials for biomedical antennas by considering their applicability in biomedical environments. Performance analysis and characterization techniques for nanoscale antennas are presented, including calibration methods, radiation sample analysis, gain, efficiency, impedance matching and analysis of performance parameters in various typical application scenarios. It helps to optimize antenna configuration for various cases. The article concludes with a discussion of key findings and contributions to the study. It highlights future directions and potential developments in nanoscale antenna systems, including power efficiency and energy collection, reliability and robustness in active areas and integration with wireless communication systems and networking. Finally, this article presents treasured insights into the design, fabric packages and research of nanoscale antenna systems. It gives a roadmap for future studies and improvement, focusing on the transformative capability of nanoscale antennas in Wi-Fi communications and biomedical applications.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":45029,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Bioengineering","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135699265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy, poses substantial health risks for both mothers and infants due to the interplay of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Molecular biomarkers, including SNPs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and proteins, have been linked to GDM development during pregnancy. Notably, miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression holds pivotal roles in metabolic disorders. This study aims to identify diagnostic biomarkers for GDM and establish a diagnostic model. Methods Firstly, gene expression data from GDM samples (N = 9) and normal samples (N = 9) were sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, the limma package was employed to discern differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with subsequent functional and enrichment analyses executed using the clusterProfiler package. A comprehensive exploration of genes significantly correlated with GDM was undertaken via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was facilitated by STRING, while visualization of hub genes was achieved through Cytoscape. Moreover, the miRNA-mRNA network was established using StarBase. Concurrently, immune infiltration significantly correlated with hub genes was identified. Results In this study, 209 DEGs between normal and GDM samples were identified, and these genes were associated with collagen containing extracellular matrix heparin binding and axon guidance, etc. Then, 18 modules were identified by WGCNA and the brown module including 212 genes had a significantly negative correlation with GDM (r = −0.66, P = 0.003). Additionally, five low gene expressions (CXCL12, MEF2C, MMP2, SOX17 and THBS2) and two high gene expressions (BMP4 and SFRP5) were identified as GDM related hub genes. Moreover, hub genes regulated by alternations of miRNAs were established and three hub genes (CXCL12, MEF2C and THBS2) were negatively correlated with activated Natural Killer (NK) cells while two hub genes (BMP4 and SFRP5) were positively correlated with activated NK cells. Conclusions This study offers novel hub genes that could contribute to the diagnostic approach for GDM, potentially shedding light on the intricate mechanisms underpinning GDM's developmental pathways.
背景妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)以妊娠期葡萄糖耐受不良为特征，由于胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能障碍的相互作用，对母亲和婴儿都造成了巨大的健康风险。包括snp、microrna (miRNAs)和蛋白质在内的分子生物标志物与妊娠期GDM的发生有关。值得注意的是，mirna介导的基因表达调控在代谢紊乱中起着关键作用。本研究旨在鉴定GDM的诊断性生物标志物，建立诊断模型。方法首先从gene expression Omnibus (GEO)数据库中获取GDM样本(N = 9)和正常样本(N = 9)的基因表达数据。随后，limma包被用来识别差异表达基因(deg)，随后的功能和富集分析使用clusterProfiler包执行。通过加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA)全面探索与GDM显著相关的基因。STRING促进了蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络的构建，而Cytoscape则实现了枢纽基因的可视化。此外，利用StarBase建立了miRNA-mRNA网络。同时发现免疫浸润与枢纽基因显著相关。结果在正常和GDM样本中鉴定出209个基因，这些基因与含胶原的细胞外基质肝素结合和轴突引导等相关。WGCNA鉴定出18个模块，其中棕色模块包含212个基因，与GDM呈显著负相关(r = - 0.66, P = 0.003)。此外，鉴定出5个低表达基因(CXCL12、MEF2C、MMP2、SOX17和THBS2)和2个高表达基因(BMP4和SFRP5)为GDM相关枢纽基因。此外，我们还建立了受mirna改变调控的枢纽基因，其中3个枢纽基因(CXCL12、MEF2C和THBS2)与活化NK细胞呈负相关，2个枢纽基因(BMP4和SFRP5)与活化NK细胞呈正相关。本研究提供了新的中枢基因，可能有助于GDM的诊断方法，潜在地揭示了GDM发育途径的复杂机制。
{"title":"Identification of diagnostic biomarkers of gestational diabetes mellitus based on transcriptome gene expression and alternations of microRNAs","authors":"Xuemei Xia, Xuemei Hu","doi":"10.3934/bioeng.2023014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2023014","url":null,"abstract":"Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy, poses substantial health risks for both mothers and infants due to the interplay of insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Molecular biomarkers, including SNPs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and proteins, have been linked to GDM development during pregnancy. Notably, miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression holds pivotal roles in metabolic disorders. This study aims to identify diagnostic biomarkers for GDM and establish a diagnostic model. Methods Firstly, gene expression data from GDM samples (N = 9) and normal samples (N = 9) were sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, the limma package was employed to discern differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with subsequent functional and enrichment analyses executed using the clusterProfiler package. A comprehensive exploration of genes significantly correlated with GDM was undertaken via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was facilitated by STRING, while visualization of hub genes was achieved through Cytoscape. Moreover, the miRNA-mRNA network was established using StarBase. Concurrently, immune infiltration significantly correlated with hub genes was identified. Results In this study, 209 DEGs between normal and GDM samples were identified, and these genes were associated with collagen containing extracellular matrix heparin binding and axon guidance, etc. Then, 18 modules were identified by WGCNA and the brown module including 212 genes had a significantly negative correlation with GDM (r = −0.66, P = 0.003). Additionally, five low gene expressions (CXCL12, MEF2C, MMP2, SOX17 and THBS2) and two high gene expressions (BMP4 and SFRP5) were identified as GDM related hub genes. Moreover, hub genes regulated by alternations of miRNAs were established and three hub genes (CXCL12, MEF2C and THBS2) were negatively correlated with activated Natural Killer (NK) cells while two hub genes (BMP4 and SFRP5) were positively correlated with activated NK cells. Conclusions This study offers novel hub genes that could contribute to the diagnostic approach for GDM, potentially shedding light on the intricate mechanisms underpinning GDM's developmental pathways.","PeriodicalId":45029,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Bioengineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78706691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigated a physical system for unsteady blood flow and solute transport in a section of a constricted porous artery. The aim of this study was to determine effects of hematocrit, stenosis, pulse oscillation, diffusion, convection and chemical reaction on the solute transport. The significance of this study was uncovering combined roles played by stenosis height, hematocrit, pulse oscillation period, reactive rate, blood speed, blood pressure force and radial and axial extent of the porous artery on the solute transported by the blood flow in the described porous artery. We used both analytical and computational methods to determine blood flow quantities and solute transport for different parametric values of the described physical system. We found that solute transport increases with increasing stenosis height, blood pulsation period, convection and blood pressure force. However, transportation of solute reduces with increasing hematocrit, chemical reactive rate and radial or axial distance.
{"title":"Modeling and computation for unsteady blood flow and solute concentration in a constricted porous artery","authors":"D. N. Riahi, S. Orizaga","doi":"10.3934/bioeng.2023007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2023007","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated a physical system for unsteady blood flow and solute transport in a section of a constricted porous artery. The aim of this study was to determine effects of hematocrit, stenosis, pulse oscillation, diffusion, convection and chemical reaction on the solute transport. The significance of this study was uncovering combined roles played by stenosis height, hematocrit, pulse oscillation period, reactive rate, blood speed, blood pressure force and radial and axial extent of the porous artery on the solute transported by the blood flow in the described porous artery. We used both analytical and computational methods to determine blood flow quantities and solute transport for different parametric values of the described physical system. We found that solute transport increases with increasing stenosis height, blood pulsation period, convection and blood pressure force. However, transportation of solute reduces with increasing hematocrit, chemical reactive rate and radial or axial distance.","PeriodicalId":45029,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Bioengineering","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89097354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent investigations have shown that special frequencies and intensities of electromagnetic waves could control the differentiations of some types of cells. Using this fact, tumor-treating fields (TTFields) therapy has been proposed as a technique which uses alternating electric fields of intermediate frequency (~100–500 kHz) and low intensity (1–3 V/cm) to disrupt the cell divisions of tumors. However, this technique may have harmful effects on ionic liquids around normal cells. For example, electrodes could induce an extra electrical current within blood vessels. To observe these effects, we connected electrodes to a slide that includes water and some extra ions and put them under a 1000× microscope. We found that some ions, microbes and cells move toward negative electrons and some go away. These attractions of cells by electrodes could cause the destruction of the brain. We also found some electrical currents within the liquid emerge which absorb or repel water molecules and induce some bubbles. If these types of bubbles arise within the blood vessels, they can exert a force on the membranes of normal cells and destroy them. To avoid these problems, we suggest that electrodes should be replaced by some electromagnetic sender/receiver which emits some special frequencies. These frequencies could be absorbed only by blood vessels around the tumors because these vessels may be created only to provide the needed food for tumor cells and thus have a different potential and electrical current as compared to vessels around normal cells. Thus, these tumor vessels could act as the antenna for TTFields.
{"title":"A comment to improve tumor-treating fields therapy","authors":"M. Fioranelli, A. Sepehri","doi":"10.3934/bioeng.2023002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2023002","url":null,"abstract":"Recent investigations have shown that special frequencies and intensities of electromagnetic waves could control the differentiations of some types of cells. Using this fact, tumor-treating fields (TTFields) therapy has been proposed as a technique which uses alternating electric fields of intermediate frequency (~100–500 kHz) and low intensity (1–3 V/cm) to disrupt the cell divisions of tumors. However, this technique may have harmful effects on ionic liquids around normal cells. For example, electrodes could induce an extra electrical current within blood vessels. To observe these effects, we connected electrodes to a slide that includes water and some extra ions and put them under a 1000× microscope. We found that some ions, microbes and cells move toward negative electrons and some go away. These attractions of cells by electrodes could cause the destruction of the brain. We also found some electrical currents within the liquid emerge which absorb or repel water molecules and induce some bubbles. If these types of bubbles arise within the blood vessels, they can exert a force on the membranes of normal cells and destroy them. To avoid these problems, we suggest that electrodes should be replaced by some electromagnetic sender/receiver which emits some special frequencies. These frequencies could be absorbed only by blood vessels around the tumors because these vessels may be created only to provide the needed food for tumor cells and thus have a different potential and electrical current as compared to vessels around normal cells. Thus, these tumor vessels could act as the antenna for TTFields.","PeriodicalId":45029,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Bioengineering","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88094612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Calvo-Guirado, Marta Belén Cabo-Pastor, F. Martínez-Martínez, M. Garcés-Villalá, Félix de Carlos-Villafranca, N. García-Carrillo, M. Fernández-Domínguez
The objective of this evaluation was to measure the width and length of connective tissue (CT) and crestal bone resorption (CBR) related to minicono® abutment inserted in conical connection dental implants, which were placed crestal and subcrestally in a dog's mandible. Materials and Methods Forty-eight Top DM implants with the same coronal diameter were placed at the crestal level, 1 mm (test 1 group) and 2 mm (test 2 group) positions underneath buccal-lingual bone crests. Dental implants used in the study were separated into three groups of 16 implants each. The implants were randomly inserted into healed bone after two months post-extraction sockets of three lower premolars, and first molar, bilaterally in six male fox hound dogs. One 3 mm minicono height abutment was connected to conical connection implants placed at the crestal level (control), 1 mm (test 1) and 2 mm (test 2) positions under buccal-lingual crests. Results All abutments and implants used were clinically and histologically integrated into the bone-soft tissue. Soft tissue behavior was observed at eight and 12 weeks in all test groups, displaying similar quantitative findings with significant differences (p > 0.05). However, crestal bone loss was significantly greater at the buccal side around that control group compared to the test 1 and 2 groups. The difference values between groups at the implant shoulder to the top of the lingual bone crest (IS-LBC) and the implant shoulder to the top of the buccal bone crest (IS-BBC) were significantly greater for the test 2 group in comparison with the other two groups (p < 0.05) at eight weeks. In addition, crestal bone resorption (CBR) increased in the crestal group at twelve weeks, but it was reduced for the test 1 and test 2 groups in implants placed sub-crestally (p < 0.05). Conclusions Crestal bone loss could be reduced using a 3 mm high abutment on implants submerged below the bone crest from 1 to 2 mm positions.
{"title":"Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of minicono abutment on implant surrounding tissue healing and bone resorption on implants placed in healed bone. An experimental study in dogs","authors":"J. Calvo-Guirado, Marta Belén Cabo-Pastor, F. Martínez-Martínez, M. Garcés-Villalá, Félix de Carlos-Villafranca, N. García-Carrillo, M. Fernández-Domínguez","doi":"10.3934/bioeng.2023013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/bioeng.2023013","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this evaluation was to measure the width and length of connective tissue (CT) and crestal bone resorption (CBR) related to minicono® abutment inserted in conical connection dental implants, which were placed crestal and subcrestally in a dog's mandible. Materials and Methods Forty-eight Top DM implants with the same coronal diameter were placed at the crestal level, 1 mm (test 1 group) and 2 mm (test 2 group) positions underneath buccal-lingual bone crests. Dental implants used in the study were separated into three groups of 16 implants each. The implants were randomly inserted into healed bone after two months post-extraction sockets of three lower premolars, and first molar, bilaterally in six male fox hound dogs. One 3 mm minicono height abutment was connected to conical connection implants placed at the crestal level (control), 1 mm (test 1) and 2 mm (test 2) positions under buccal-lingual crests. Results All abutments and implants used were clinically and histologically integrated into the bone-soft tissue. Soft tissue behavior was observed at eight and 12 weeks in all test groups, displaying similar quantitative findings with significant differences (p > 0.05). However, crestal bone loss was significantly greater at the buccal side around that control group compared to the test 1 and 2 groups. The difference values between groups at the implant shoulder to the top of the lingual bone crest (IS-LBC) and the implant shoulder to the top of the buccal bone crest (IS-BBC) were significantly greater for the test 2 group in comparison with the other two groups (p < 0.05) at eight weeks. In addition, crestal bone resorption (CBR) increased in the crestal group at twelve weeks, but it was reduced for the test 1 and test 2 groups in implants placed sub-crestally (p < 0.05). Conclusions Crestal bone loss could be reduced using a 3 mm high abutment on implants submerged below the bone crest from 1 to 2 mm positions.","PeriodicalId":45029,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Bioengineering","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84439736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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