This article applies a critical approach to rethinking the relationship between nationalism and Ottoman architectural historiography by examining the intellectual medium during the late Ottoman period. More precisely, it examines how the history and theory of Ottoman architecture were initially established by Tanzimat (Reform) intelligentsia with the publication of Usûl-i Mimâri-i Osmani (Fundamentals of Ottoman Architecture) (1873). It addresses how the text was later comprehended and criticized by their successors, who utilized it to constitute their own vision of Turkish national architecture. By detailing the rise of the Turkish nationalist movement and the transition from Ottomanism to Turkism as the dominant identity, this article highlights the demand for the materialization of a national architecture as a component of the cultural construction of a national architectural style and the role of new public buildings as the site of nationalizing endeavors at the beginning of the twentieth century. Finally, this article problematizes the extent to which these new constructions can be deemed “national” by investigating the works of a pioneer figure of architecture, Kemaleddin Bey’s writings and the design and construction of his dormitory building, the Fifth Vakıf Han, in Istanbul.
{"title":"Textual manifestations of Ottoman architectural revival and the search for a national idiom in the late Ottoman period","authors":"A. Tozoğlu","doi":"10.1017/npt.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/npt.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article applies a critical approach to rethinking the relationship between nationalism and Ottoman architectural historiography by examining the intellectual medium during the late Ottoman period. More precisely, it examines how the history and theory of Ottoman architecture were initially established by Tanzimat (Reform) intelligentsia with the publication of Usûl-i Mimâri-i Osmani (Fundamentals of Ottoman Architecture) (1873). It addresses how the text was later comprehended and criticized by their successors, who utilized it to constitute their own vision of Turkish national architecture. By detailing the rise of the Turkish nationalist movement and the transition from Ottomanism to Turkism as the dominant identity, this article highlights the demand for the materialization of a national architecture as a component of the cultural construction of a national architectural style and the role of new public buildings as the site of nationalizing endeavors at the beginning of the twentieth century. Finally, this article problematizes the extent to which these new constructions can be deemed “national” by investigating the works of a pioneer figure of architecture, Kemaleddin Bey’s writings and the design and construction of his dormitory building, the Fifth Vakıf Han, in Istanbul.","PeriodicalId":45032,"journal":{"name":"New Perspectives on Turkey","volume":"67 1","pages":"105 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44849907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"M. Talha Çiçek , Negotiating Empire in the Middle East. Cambridge University Press.","authors":"Matthew H. Ellis","doi":"10.1017/npt.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/npt.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45032,"journal":{"name":"New Perspectives on Turkey","volume":"67 1","pages":"147 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42722701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brian Silverstein, The Social Lives of Numbers Statistics: Reform and the Remaking of Rural Life in Turkey. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020. viii + 121","authors":"Fuat Dündar","doi":"10.1017/npt.2022.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/npt.2022.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45032,"journal":{"name":"New Perspectives on Turkey","volume":"67 1","pages":"153 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41765773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Türkiye ekonomisinin Eylül-Aralık 2021 döneminde karşı karşıya kaldığı, gidişatı yurtiçinde olduğu kadar yurtdışında da dikkatle takip edilen problemler esasen siyasal iktisadın hemen her veçhesi açısından son derece geniş kapsamlı içerimleri olan bir kur krizi anlamına geliyordu. Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB) Eylül’de yüzde 19 olan politika faizini, müteakip aylarda indirim açıklayarak Aralık itibarıyla yüzde 14’e kadar düşürürken, Türk Lirası (TL) emsali görülmedik derecede sert bir değer kaybı –hatta çöküş mü demeli buna?– yaşadı. 1 ABD Doları (USD) Eylül başında 8,30TL iken, Ekim başında 9,55TL, Kasım başında ise 13,36TL oldu; TL’nin sonraki ay boyunca da günden güne değer kaybetmesiyle, 20 Aralık itibarıyla kur 17,50TL’yi gördü. Üstelik bu değer kaybının bir noktadan sonra yavaşlayacağına dair görünürde en ufak bir işaret bile yoktu hâlâ.1 Hükümet TL’deki düşüşü durdurmak için 1-17 Aralık döneminde TCMB rezervlerinin toplamda 6 milyar USD kadar bir kısmını sattı ama nafile. 20 Aralık’ta yapılan kabine toplantısının ardından Kur Korumalı TL Vadeli Mevduat (KKM) planının duyurulmasıyla beraber, dolar/TL paritesi sert bir düşüşle 13,05’e kadar geriledi ve ertesi gün itibarıyla da 13,50 civarına yerleşti. KKM planının amacı, TL’yi daha cazip hale getirerek döviz talebini azaltmaktı. Buna göre 3, 6 veya 12 aylık vadelerle TL mevduat hesabı açtıranlara, vade sonunda kur değişimi faiz oranı üstünde kaldığı takdirde, aradaki farkı telafi etme garantisi veriliyordu. Dolar kurundaki sert düşüşü sadece KKM planına bağlamak bir varsayım olmanın pek ötesine geçebilmiş değil. Bununla beraber, o gün TCMB’nin ve kamu bankalarının toplam 7 milyar USD kadarlık bir satış yapmış olması, durumu açıklama girişimleri arasında en makulü olarak öne çıkıyor. Ayrıca Ocak 2022 ortaları itibarıyla bazı Körfez ülkeleriyle ve daha başka ülkelerle toplam 30 milyar USD
2021年9月至12月，土耳其经济面临挑战，国外出现的问题主要是由于政治权力，这意味着每一所大学内容极其广泛的课程都会出现危机。土耳其中央银行（TCMB）在9月份下降到19%的政治百分比的14%，这解释了几个月来合作的下降，而土耳其里拉（TL）尚未获得批准——即使它下降了？他活了下来。9月初，美元为8.30TL，10月为9.55TL，11月为13.36TL；在接下来的一个月里，TL每天损失17.50 TL。此外，似乎有不小的迹象表明，在12月1日至17日的一段时间后，这一价值将放缓，政府出售了高达60亿美元的部分TCMB储备，以阻止TL的下跌。20 Aralık'ta yapılan kabine toplantısının ardından Kur KorumalıTL Vadeli Mevduat（KKM）计划ınún duyurulmasıyla beraber，dolar/TL paritesi sert bir düşüüş。KKM计划的目的是通过提高TL的吸引力来减少对纹身的需求。因此，那些用3个月、6个月或12个月的钱开立TL账单的人获得了在山谷尽头兑换的付款保证。美元板块的暴跌不仅可能超出KKM计划相关的假设。此外，当天，TCMB和公共银行共进行了70亿美元的销售，这种情况似乎是最合理的风险敞口努力。此外，2022年1月批准了一些最贫穷国家和其他国家300亿美元的中期拨款。
{"title":"Acı Düşüşün Uzun Güzü: Eylül-Aralık 2021 Döneminde Türkiye Ekonomisini Sarsan Olayların Bir Muhasebesi","authors":"Fikret Şenses","doi":"10.1017/npt.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/npt.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"Türkiye ekonomisinin Eylül-Aralık 2021 döneminde karşı karşıya kaldığı, gidişatı yurtiçinde olduğu kadar yurtdışında da dikkatle takip edilen problemler esasen siyasal iktisadın hemen her veçhesi açısından son derece geniş kapsamlı içerimleri olan bir kur krizi anlamına geliyordu. Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB) Eylül’de yüzde 19 olan politika faizini, müteakip aylarda indirim açıklayarak Aralık itibarıyla yüzde 14’e kadar düşürürken, Türk Lirası (TL) emsali görülmedik derecede sert bir değer kaybı –hatta çöküş mü demeli buna?– yaşadı. 1 ABD Doları (USD) Eylül başında 8,30TL iken, Ekim başında 9,55TL, Kasım başında ise 13,36TL oldu; TL’nin sonraki ay boyunca da günden güne değer kaybetmesiyle, 20 Aralık itibarıyla kur 17,50TL’yi gördü. Üstelik bu değer kaybının bir noktadan sonra yavaşlayacağına dair görünürde en ufak bir işaret bile yoktu hâlâ.1 Hükümet TL’deki düşüşü durdurmak için 1-17 Aralık döneminde TCMB rezervlerinin toplamda 6 milyar USD kadar bir kısmını sattı ama nafile. 20 Aralık’ta yapılan kabine toplantısının ardından Kur Korumalı TL Vadeli Mevduat (KKM) planının duyurulmasıyla beraber, dolar/TL paritesi sert bir düşüşle 13,05’e kadar geriledi ve ertesi gün itibarıyla da 13,50 civarına yerleşti. KKM planının amacı, TL’yi daha cazip hale getirerek döviz talebini azaltmaktı. Buna göre 3, 6 veya 12 aylık vadelerle TL mevduat hesabı açtıranlara, vade sonunda kur değişimi faiz oranı üstünde kaldığı takdirde, aradaki farkı telafi etme garantisi veriliyordu. Dolar kurundaki sert düşüşü sadece KKM planına bağlamak bir varsayım olmanın pek ötesine geçebilmiş değil. Bununla beraber, o gün TCMB’nin ve kamu bankalarının toplam 7 milyar USD kadarlık bir satış yapmış olması, durumu açıklama girişimleri arasında en makulü olarak öne çıkıyor. Ayrıca Ocak 2022 ortaları itibarıyla bazı Körfez ülkeleriyle ve daha başka ülkelerle toplam 30 milyar USD","PeriodicalId":45032,"journal":{"name":"New Perspectives on Turkey","volume":"67 1","pages":"126 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45704706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Faisal Husain , Rivers of Sultan. The Tigris and Euphrates in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. 264 pp.","authors":"Onur İnal","doi":"10.1017/npt.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/npt.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45032,"journal":{"name":"New Perspectives on Turkey","volume":"67 1","pages":"137 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44817292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Food price increases stem from economic, agricultural, and political factors. Understanding the dynamics behind the food price formation process and assessing how potential factors contribute to food price changes will significantly affect policies formulated to manage food price increases. High food inflation rates have been a chronic problem in Turkey over the last decade, with unprocessed food prices rising faster than general price levels. In this article, we use exploratory analyses based on economic principles rather than econometric analyses. First, our results indicate that exchange rates are strongly associated with domestic food prices due to dependence on imported inputs. Second, deep-dive analyses on select products show that global price movements and pass-through prices from producer to consumer are not solely responsible for price increases.
{"title":"The evolution of unprocessed food inflation in Turkey: an exploratory study on select products","authors":"Serkan Demirkılıç, Gökhan Ȫzertan, Hasan Tekgüç","doi":"10.1017/npt.2022.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/npt.2022.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Food price increases stem from economic, agricultural, and political factors. Understanding the dynamics behind the food price formation process and assessing how potential factors contribute to food price changes will significantly affect policies formulated to manage food price increases. High food inflation rates have been a chronic problem in Turkey over the last decade, with unprocessed food prices rising faster than general price levels. In this article, we use exploratory analyses based on economic principles rather than econometric analyses. First, our results indicate that exchange rates are strongly associated with domestic food prices due to dependence on imported inputs. Second, deep-dive analyses on select products show that global price movements and pass-through prices from producer to consumer are not solely responsible for price increases.","PeriodicalId":45032,"journal":{"name":"New Perspectives on Turkey","volume":"67 1","pages":"57 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48062927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Recent studies have shown that the media in developing countries recognizes the anthropogenic impact on climate change, while ignoring the mitigation and adaptation responsibilities of national political actors. This article addresses the discursive motives underlying the disconnect between the impact of climate change and the responsibility of those in positions of political power. This study analyzes Turkish news articles and columns on climate change published in three newspapers with different political orientations between June 2018 and January 2020, a period during which the school strike movement and other local uprisings and debates began. It claims that news related to national climate policy largely omits or obscures references to the anthropogenic causes of climate change, to the degree that the political responsibility of tackling it remains unaddressed and absolves readers and politicians from taking action. The article also aims to underline the impact of political parallelism in terms of the print media’s approach to the government’s neoliberal economic policy and its duty to tackle climate change. Finally, it argues that these approaches generate specific types of environmental discourses which are embodied in newspapers’ conceptions of nature, their solutions to climate change, and the actors of those solutions proposed by newspapers.
{"title":"Turkish press climate crisis coverage (2018–2019): elements of disconnect in discourses and the representation of solutions","authors":"Ece Baykal Fide","doi":"10.1017/npt.2022.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/npt.2022.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent studies have shown that the media in developing countries recognizes the anthropogenic impact on climate change, while ignoring the mitigation and adaptation responsibilities of national political actors. This article addresses the discursive motives underlying the disconnect between the impact of climate change and the responsibility of those in positions of political power. This study analyzes Turkish news articles and columns on climate change published in three newspapers with different political orientations between June 2018 and January 2020, a period during which the school strike movement and other local uprisings and debates began. It claims that news related to national climate policy largely omits or obscures references to the anthropogenic causes of climate change, to the degree that the political responsibility of tackling it remains unaddressed and absolves readers and politicians from taking action. The article also aims to underline the impact of political parallelism in terms of the print media’s approach to the government’s neoliberal economic policy and its duty to tackle climate change. Finally, it argues that these approaches generate specific types of environmental discourses which are embodied in newspapers’ conceptions of nature, their solutions to climate change, and the actors of those solutions proposed by newspapers.","PeriodicalId":45032,"journal":{"name":"New Perspectives on Turkey","volume":"67 1","pages":"32 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42287839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Women with children, on average, earn lower wages than those who do not have children. This is called the “motherhood wage penalty”. This study provides estimates of the wage penalty for working mothers in Turkey using the Turkish Household Labor Force Survey (HLFS), 2014–2018. The gross wage penalty is 21.3 percent, but it is entirely explained by human capital variables: education, marital status, and potential experience in the pooled cross-section. The bulk of the gross penalty is attributable to the higher educational attainment of the subsample of non-mothers compared to mothers. When the wage-setting mechanisms in the public versus private sectors, and differences in fertility exposure by age cohort conditional on education are accounted for, a clearer picture emerges. Empirical findings indicate that the wage penalty does not exist for mothers employed in the public sector but that there is a 3 percent penalty for mothers working in the private sector, with the highest value being 6.1 percent for university-educated young mothers. In addition, wage losses are higher for the younger age cohort, presumably due to leaves of absence from work for time spent caring for young children, which lead to skill erosion.
{"title":"The motherhood wage penalty in Turkey","authors":"Hayriye Özgül Özkan Değirmenci","doi":"10.1017/npt.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/npt.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Women with children, on average, earn lower wages than those who do not have children. This is called the “motherhood wage penalty”. This study provides estimates of the wage penalty for working mothers in Turkey using the Turkish Household Labor Force Survey (HLFS), 2014–2018. The gross wage penalty is 21.3 percent, but it is entirely explained by human capital variables: education, marital status, and potential experience in the pooled cross-section. The bulk of the gross penalty is attributable to the higher educational attainment of the subsample of non-mothers compared to mothers. When the wage-setting mechanisms in the public versus private sectors, and differences in fertility exposure by age cohort conditional on education are accounted for, a clearer picture emerges. Empirical findings indicate that the wage penalty does not exist for mothers employed in the public sector but that there is a 3 percent penalty for mothers working in the private sector, with the highest value being 6.1 percent for university-educated young mothers. In addition, wage losses are higher for the younger age cohort, presumably due to leaves of absence from work for time spent caring for young children, which lead to skill erosion.","PeriodicalId":45032,"journal":{"name":"New Perspectives on Turkey","volume":"66 1","pages":"35 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43650802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NPT volume 66 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/npt.2022.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/npt.2022.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45032,"journal":{"name":"New Perspectives on Turkey","volume":"66 1","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45574216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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